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<p><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文授权转自城PLUS（ID：</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">caupdsz</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">），欢迎关注！</span></strong></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2015625" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2Zjv1srpc9eMtZ9SzCbyJP8gfZp8EkNGoPv69lSDZ0MSMZJqYuBzHw8A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 578.171px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(192, 200, 209, 0);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">纵观我国城市设计，并不缺乏灵动的方案，也有不少优秀的建成个案。但是我们的城市却普遍缺少设计的连贯性和系统性，或者说我们热衷</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>演绎</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">，却拙于</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>归纳</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">，导致许多城市设计沦为了短暂的烟花表演。</span><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">本篇文章通过详细介绍</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡城市设计导则</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">来谈论城市设计中，</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">设计理念的贯彻、系统归纳的方法、一致性的体现</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">以及如何建立基于导则的</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">平台式管理机制。</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><img data-ratio="0.5730569948186528" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/36RibRqVRbNw8OagNfruIqRsOvZgl0FdfuK6W87BFPOQ3EPzl4QubzDAjwkrBvNIJpoblicxoarV8CFxABbnqwicw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="965"  /></p><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新加坡滨海湾地区（图源网络）</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">新加坡城市设计导则的作用，是与新加坡城市总体规划</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">（</span><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 24.8889px;">在规划层面上相当于我国的控制性详细规划</span><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">）</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">相结合，在总规开发控制的基础上进行有效的设计控制，运用城市设计思想提升城市品质，创造城市活力。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">体现“关注建筑与建筑之间，设计城市而非建筑，积极创造城市活力”的引导方针。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em;height: 2.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 2.6em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196);"><section style="margin-top: 0.36em;margin-bottom: 0.35em;margin-left: 0.44em;width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 28.7847px;height: 28.7847px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>1</strong></span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em;width: 0px;border-top: 1.1em solid rgb(196, 196, 196);box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1em solid transparent !important;border-right: 1.12em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-top: 2px solid rgb(196, 196, 196);display: inline-block;font-size: 20.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 34.1333px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"> </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 34.1333px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">新加坡城市设计的两个背景</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 28.4444px;white-space: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">1.1新加坡城市规划职能</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡重建局(以下简称URA)将工作职能定义为两部分：</span><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">规划职能和促进职能</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">。城市设计工作不仅体现在概念规划、总体规划和城市设计规划&保护性规划的规划职能中，属于开发控制管理通则的市中心城市设计导则还融入开发控制中发挥促进职能。</span><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-ratio="0.5067415730337078" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOc1P16WMlhRnIFxTviaznpzV964Y8PFjIVPFdel0Lpr20Wcj5uKARibJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="890"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新加坡URA职能 </span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-ratio="0.5526011560693641" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOIVzFMT5xNjiaqLFkNIicdG6JdW0PmxrJdkWM148llRheMsTEsLkueeFQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="865"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新加坡规划体系与我国规划体系对照关系[1]</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡城市规划和城市设计紧密融合，城市设计形式多样，不仅有方案型城市设计，还有多种类型的策略型城市设计。城市设计导则作为技术管理规定，更是纳入了土地出让条件。而我国各阶段的城市设计以方案型城市设计为主，策略性城市设计较少，完善的城市设计导则屈指可数[2]。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6;">1.2新加坡城市设计主导思想</span></strong></span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡在整合西方主流城市设计思想基础上结合自身实际情况，确定了有特色的城市设计关注方向和工作方法：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">1）城市设计通过周边建成环境、社会文化及地区物理气候三者出发裁量建筑的形式、体量和开发时机。</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2）城市设计注重交通设施连通性，确保步行和车行的舒适和方便。</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">3）城市设计关注公共空间，街景、绿化和社区。</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em;height: 2.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 2.6em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196);"><section style="margin-top: 0.36em;margin-bottom: 0.35em;margin-left: 0.44em;width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 28.7847px;height: 28.7847px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>2</strong></span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em;width: 0px;border-top: 1.1em solid rgb(196, 196, 196);box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1em solid transparent !important;border-right: 1.12em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-top: 2px solid rgb(196, 196, 196);display: inline-block;font-size: 20.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 34.1333px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">新加坡城市设计导则</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 28.4444px;white-space: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">新加坡的总体规划执行开发控制的一般基本工作，城市设计导则作为辅助和加强的手段，进行开发控制的法定调整，同时对需要重点建筑形态控制的地区设置专项导则引导。</span></strong></span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6;">2.1新加坡城市设计导则</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡城市设计导则针对市中心核心区域1650公顷用地的11个细分区域采取数量和详细程度不同，内容各有侧重的控制。导则控制区域分强弱，其中乌节路、市中心核心区、博物馆区和新加坡河是导则重点控制区。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-ratio="0.6" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOSxyOAa2hib6wTVACplMPSUibo6NkXTos1vNHUZBw26XIhEXPcoRiaaIjA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="755"  /></p><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新加坡城市设计导则控制区   </span></section><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图源：URA Maps</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">新加坡城市设计导则从修订土地利用、步行交通、照明系统、户外美观及商业活力、设施遮蔽、激励政策、公示法定机构及修订申请程序八个方面列举其主要引导内容。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOyWOjqAmo2XPLP81CXptfRhP9rcapiaqYRvpBKVGjzrbmBljugZCKMiaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="640" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="1254.7670250896056" data-ratio="1.9609375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2ZQb9m9wpoSUMBiaNeohCK1B9Rjp2OTpNnUHibuQVRkbF5gVaLyXiabQF0A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="height: 1094px;width: 558px;"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新加坡城市设计导则主要内容及作用</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">各区域的城市设计导则由多个专项型导则组成，分别对步行廊道、建筑围层、建筑界面、户外标识、照明系统、设施遮蔽、户外商业设施和环境艺术等进行设计控制。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>专项导则针对性强，保障控制核心设计内容。新加坡城市设计导则承担了控制引导城市形态、审核相关设计方案、管理开发申报等作用，将开发控制与设计控制合为一体。</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-backh="246" data-backw="518" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovO4md9UJ9ZOUIQ9AicbERvK5t1BhLKBcCM5ZIyWfOCSm8RrHxXgFzU8Mw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="29.820788530465947" data-cropx2="623.9426523297491" data-cropy1="16.057347670250895" data-cropy2="298.2078853046595" data-ratio="0.47474747474747475" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2ZhqLzY4lI3eU1CLZNhGTgsIuXEzxNQTNsmBLJ6272n4X4cBFB0PJXLQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="594" style="width: 578.171px;"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">新加坡河建筑围层控制和有顶步行道围层控制<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">[3]</span></span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-ratio="0.7497921862011637" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOFMcBCcM14LdYNl878wxte8tRbt4Ul8UvHxt6aEtiaPJLjxCgt262XlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1203"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图源：作者自摄</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新加坡河建筑围层控制导则下建筑沿河退台的层次明显，为新加坡河保留了亲切、人性化的步行开敞空间，高层建筑没有直接濒临河岸压迫滨河公共空间。统一的沿河步行道导则保证了滨河空间的步行连续性和开放性，没有任何居住性社区形成私有的封闭空间。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">关注系统设计</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">，</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">分别对勿拉士巴沙武吉士、马尼拿港、乌节路和新加坡河4个地区进行照明系统控制：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1）照明突出建筑设计元素；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2）针对空间功能安装相应照明；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3）与建筑尺度和材料协调；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4）平衡光影；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">5<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">）</span> 合适的色温和颜色；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">6<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">）</span>避免光污染和光晕；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">7<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">）</span>根据建筑设计确定灯具形式和安装细节。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOCeAlx6SXUUr9uVmg00wW5ZghCibtOjruOwYo51AcPNhv0HgWngDbSeQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="544" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="392" data-ratio="0.71875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2ZDdLmLyyQ2icvfYxZARiaMMJrEYjTw9eCzasxI0tulic7mrr24BAT4autw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="544" style="height: 392px;width: 544px;"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">建筑高度越高灯光越冷</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图源：URA Singapore.NightLighting Masterplan</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovO0h2fACA8YTXEspDfDc8Hc5ljN143ricNCuqrowBfe8HQYQE0kJgHLYA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="628.5304659498207" data-cropy1="14.910394265232977" data-cropy2="337.20430107526886" data-ratio="0.5143312101910829" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2Z3EZ2WsZauz6vlGEKak9NgiaNPU8g2Y2gVHQmfptIuLLBaGxGQU10AcQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="628" style="height: 281px;width: 548px;"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图则化多种照明方式</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-ratio="0.6663254861821903" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOHqWTOQ0CwuBTibCWtjUSXSaxW0vnbq1BhK6rUjYeCbZ7t32mwMYIWBw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="977"  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图源：作者自摄</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">马拿尼港是照明设计导则的重点控制区，地标金沙酒店结合建筑结构和照明设计控制创造了良好的夜景效果，动态的照明设计活化了马尼拿的夜间氛围，整个港湾灯光景观层次分明、景色迷人。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">关注建筑对公共空间环境的补偿效益。</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-backh="259" data-backw="371" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOXufpKsEm6DcYp66SwwiaAuRd7TTmJ5YCicdGVDcoaiabrA9CC8xH18KYQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="5.318996415770609" data-cropx2="371" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="259.3010752688172" data-ratio="0.7076502732240437" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2ZyMbP83wjIoibQV4qepKTx3MgIr4MVrmwXggEicLZO3njO2AI1sdoee4w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="366" style="height: 390px;width: 550px;"  /></p><section style="line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: left;">定义垂直绿化补偿面积包括屋顶花园、</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: left;line-height: 1.6;">底层绿化、悬空阳台和种植箱，其总面积之和要等同于基地开发面积；</span><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"></span></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);line-height: 1.6;">图源：URA Singapore.Guidelines for Landscape Replacement  Areas</span></section><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">2.2 历史保护导则</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">保护已有建筑遗产是新加坡城市规划和开发的重要工作。一方面通过修复历史街区，保护已有历史建筑增加街道景观的多样性，保存城市历史价值的同时，创造了视觉冲击和兴奋感；另一方面，通过对历史保护建筑周围的开发进行更加严格的设计控制，来协调历史保护区的风貌，避免历史保护建筑被周围开发隔为城市孤岛，塑造尊重历史保护的再开发氛围[4]。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><img data-backh="300" data-backw="255" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNyEucZcWtiaMxXAiaTBS1JovOkhIcfPZ53x44j7nVBOCl3QiasibgsianR5FrL1fzJBjAxFTg8NznhawPw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="255" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="289.2741935483871" data-ratio="1.1333333333333333" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNzaU4whdwtwYnG5AMv5ct2Z6nhNaGic1e7FVum7cHLzd5upU3ooH2wCAnQxTmk7iaAmoCIia5tUyWurg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="255" style="height: 633px;width: 558px;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">历史保护导则</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">建立在对历史建筑的类型学分析之上</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图源：Conservation Guidelines. Singapore：UrbanRedevelopment Authority，2011.</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em;height: 2.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 2.6em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196);"><section style="margin-top: 0.36em;margin-bottom: 0.35em;margin-left: 0.44em;width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 28.7847px;height: 28.7847px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>3</strong></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em;width: 0px;border-top: 1.1em solid rgb(196, 196, 196);box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1em solid transparent !important;border-right: 1.12em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-top: 2px solid rgb(196, 196, 196);display: inline-block;font-size: 20.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 28.4444px;text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;font-size: 20px;">城市设计导则的特点和作用</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 28.4444px;white-space: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">3.1具有法定效力的开发控制修订与管理平台</span></strong><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">总体规划中的开发控制具有法定效应，开发控制指标随着总体规划5年修编一次，为了灵活应对两次总规之间开发控制指标的变化，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>URA以城市设计导则作为协调方式。城市设计导则可以修订开发控制条款，以政府公文形式公示，具有法定效力。此外，还核准开发申请，执行开发管理。</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">3.2关注空间使用，设计城市而非建筑</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">针对建筑元素本身的形式和尺寸控制较少，而是对建筑附着物进行细节的设计控制以及对建筑与地面公共空间的关系进行有效引导。新加坡城市设计导则关注与建筑相关的城市因素控制，注重三维空间环境的视觉认知和知觉心理，以及使用舒适性。</span></p><p> </p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">1）关注步行系统品质、城市生活活力</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">关注步行，注重片区的微循环，针对建筑间和建筑地下空间以及公共空间的步行交通环境进行了连廊围层形态、地面铺装、位置等多层面的控制，旨在建设完善的地面步行连廊和地下步行网络（UPN）。这一系列导则的连续控制使得新加坡享有不受天气干扰的舒适、便捷的步行环境。这是城市设计关注步行从平面到立面，从总体概念到设计结构细节的深入。</span></p><p> </p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2）规范系统设计</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对新加坡重点区域的照明系统进行统一考虑，规范照明系统设计，使照明更加规范美观，体现区域特色。</span></p><p> </p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">3）美化空间视觉环境</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">城市设计关注建筑界面的美观性。新加坡城市设计导则对建筑附着物的美观性做了相关控制。</span></p><p> </p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">3.3引导激励政策</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">具有法定强制的特征，同时设有多种激励政策，控制方式刚柔并济。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">导则中有关开发激励政策的有：艺术激励、照明激励、绿化激励（景观替代面积激励）和地下步行连廊现金激励，以鼓励开发商创造更加优美宜人又方便舒适的环境。</span></p><p> </p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">3.4严格的历史保护</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">在11个城市设计导则控制区内，历史保护区和历史保护建筑执行保护性导则。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">导则建筑围层控制、机电服务设施遮蔽控制和户外标识控制的内容根据历史保护区执行更加严格的标准，在限制影响历史和鼓励城市开发中找寻平衡。</span></p><p> </p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">3.5公开灵活的管控方式</span></strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡城市设计导则在规划文件的形式上，针对性强、图文并茂，简明表达了规划的公共政策意图，“公共界面”良好，利于公众参与，不仅是最直接有效的管理依据，也是政府便于公众监督的有效开发控制平台。</span></p><p>               </p><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em;height: 2.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 2.6em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196);"><section style="margin-top: 0.36em;margin-bottom: 0.35em;margin-left: 0.44em;width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 28.7847px;height: 28.7847px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>4</strong></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em;width: 0px;border-top: 1.1em solid rgb(196, 196, 196);box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 1em solid transparent !important;border-right: 1.12em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-top: 2px solid rgb(196, 196, 196);display: inline-block;font-size: 20.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="line-height: 28.4444px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">总结和启示</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 28.4444px;white-space: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">URA在界定新加坡城市设计工作及其作用的基础上，形成有特色、有针对性的导则控制体系。</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">新加坡城市设计导则关注城市，充满现代城市设计的思考，在城市设计关注环境美学的基础上更进一步，关注建筑间空间和公共空间的处理，关注建筑与城市的融合。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;">针对专项进行整体设计控制，同时在重点区域放宽限制，促进灵活性，张弛有度，保证设计的整体水平的同时激发个性设计。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新加坡城市设计导则融于总体规划的形式为我国城市设计控制发挥实质作用提供了一个很好的模式。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>城市设计导则作为总体规划的有效补充，不仅体现在内容上的补充，还具有实质法定效力，是一个法定的设计控制平台；根据专业人士和市民反馈，及时调整，也是充满交流性的设计平台。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: center;">……</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">近期阅读：</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br  /></span></strong></section><p style="line-height: normal;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5MDUwOTI5MQ==&mid=2650048720&idx=1&sn=c600f530686ffe06a832ec7150bf07a5&chksm=880ab254bf7d3b42e2f3c10def968a943cd98d8cb1091fd5419e471ce13e6f70de97bee18909&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">全球超级都会新理想：广佛高质量发展融合试验区</span></a><br  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;"><a target="_blank" 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style="line-height: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);text-decoration: underline;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5MDUwOTI5MQ==&mid=2650048477&idx=1&sn=80a901a7dd0009a5bf8f2a1b5865656a&chksm=880abd59bf7d344f8bef0e32280f6b7455049409610c0bc8a6bb6f2993689f16ca53c604e96a&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);text-decoration: underline;">垃圾：另类文明简史</a></span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 24%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 52%;border-radius: 0px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 45px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;overflow: hidden;background-position: 42.8285% 42.2222%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 300.469%;border-radius: 100%;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNxgNSibw7jDJ1lBXiav9UJiay50L0fDdrIt8juLCichpRDoTc3ibEDtF5o0Nl2yPDPhHaqibzlBFL117SuA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.665625" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/36RibRqVRbNxgNSibw7jDJ1lBXiav9UJiay50L0fDdrIt8juLCichpRDoTc3ibEDtF5o0Nl2yPDPhHaqibzlBFL117SuA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 24%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">作者 </span><span style="line-height: 25.6px;font-size: 12px;">| 傅一程</span></strong><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">中规院深圳分院设计中心</span></section><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">*本文编辑自作者论文《新加坡城市设计导则对我国设计控制的启示》，发表于2013年12月期《现代城市研究》。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: normal;"><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: normal;text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">参考文献：</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[1] 陈晓东.城市设计与规划体系的整合运作——新加坡实践与借鉴[J]. 规划师,2010,v.26;No.17002:16-21.<br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[2] 高源.美国城市设计导则探讨及对中国的启示[J]. 城市规划,2007,No.23204:48-52.</span></section><section style="line-height: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[3] 王海松,史丽丽. “面向河道”的更新设计——新加坡河沿河地区城市更新解读[J]. 华中建筑</span></section><section style="line-height: normal;text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[4] URA Singapore. Conservation[EB/OL].http://www.ura.gov.sg/conservation/conservation.htm</span></section><p><br  /></p><section data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 502.358px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);border-radius: 5px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TbfTDrSBmDOIic7apQoPHAh15cLWCHzSyu0QL7m4BJKqtoYkYic7JJ3rCYUtmmJ6XNj0IiaurTa12eDibKNFIGoRicg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-attachment: scroll;background-size: 107.589%;background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 23.2727px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：城PLUS</span></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">声明：本文来源：</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">授权转自城PLUS</span></strong></span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（ID<strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 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