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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhaG3An8uPvyYQO8yDuz3gyArYUelfMevEVZXpRct74uXaNiapSdsviatm7IndqDbxbQx7icNrHkyUDw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhaG3An8uPvyYQO8yDuz3gyArYUelfMevEVZXpRct74uXaNiapSdsviatm7IndqDbxbQx7icNrHkyUDw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者广州市交通规划研究院副院长马小毅，广州市交通规划研究院研发中心技术人员欧阳剑，广州市交通规划研究院研发中心总工江雪峰，广州市交通规划研究院研发中心主任周志华在《规划师》2020年第1期撰文，指标管控是国土空间规划的重要技术特点，是实现改革目标的重要手段。国土空间规划下的交通指标尚处于探索阶段，急需明确新的构建方向。文章从指标管控价值的本质传递目标、衔接行动出发，总结既有空间类规划中交通指标可取和不足方面，结合国土空间规划政策技术要求，探索国土空间规划中交通指标体系构建的路径和原则，发挥国土空间对交通的指导和约束、交通高质量组织国土空间的作用，以及注重提高指标科学性、可操作性、层次性，实现指标体系的权威性，并以广州市国土空间总体规划为例，介绍了交通指标体系构建经验，提出了后续值得注意的问题。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 国土空间规划；交通指标体系；指导和约束；空间组织；大城市</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2020)01-0052-07　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984.191</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]马小毅，欧阳剑，江雪峰，等．大城市国土空间规划交通指标体系构建思考[J]．规划师，2020(1)：52-58．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Fzfc86lK78ZkZMhT1HejRugsp9kSBnjWbC929pQbxh1VAhcDib3gQZTs1eNWvW7HUSsE5szRrkAZxCbe0HkC2aQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间类规划交通指标的实践和新</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">要求</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间规划指标来源于３个方面：<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一是原空间类规划；二是北京、上海两</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市已经获批的城市总体规划，虽然不是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间规划，但已经反映了规划改革</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的初步思路，具有探索性的指导意义；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">三是自然资源部陆续发布的政策和技术</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文件。这些材料为国土空间规划体系下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的交通指标构建提供了指导。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）指标的概念和价值特征</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《辞海》将“指标”解释为计划中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规定达到的目标。指标是衡量目标的方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法，承担着目标指导下的行动计划传递</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能，是目标和行动之间的桥梁，贯穿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划编制、审批、实施、监测、评估、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">预警全过程。指标一般用数据表示，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不等同于数据，而是运用统计分析方法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对基础数据从时空、功能维度进行选择、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">加工和整合，使数据附加上价值取向，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从而发挥数据的潜在价值，成为管理决</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">策的依据。好的指标具有两个方面的价</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值特征：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 指标传递目标。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市在不同社会经济发展阶段对交<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通有着不同的定位与目标，每个阶段选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">取的指标反映着不同的城市目标。例如，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在经济短缺时期，居民对机动化交通的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要求仅仅是从无到有，体现在拥有设施、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成本可负担等方面，这一目标通过交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施规模、家庭交通消费系数等指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标传递；随着经济的发展，人们对美好</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活的向往不断提高，对交通提出时间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可控、过程愉悦健康等更高的要求，这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一目标就需要通过通勤出行时间、积极</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行时间等指标传递。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 指标衔接行动。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">好的指标不仅是从抽象目标到定量<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标的转换，还要便捷对实施方案进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指导。例如，功能目标可转换成时间指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从而有效指导交通方案制定。广州南沙</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">副中心距离主城区约60km，为实现主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城区支撑副中心发展目标，两者之间交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通时效必须控制在30 分钟以内，传统高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">速道路和地铁无法满足时间指标，设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">速度为160公里/小时的快速地铁A线</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制式就成为指标指导下的方案选择。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除上述特征之外，好的指标还应该<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">始终能够与人的需求紧密结合。例如，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衡量城市交通空间结构效率，通勤出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时间、出行距离等均能反映城市功能组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">团布局及交通组织效果，但通勤出行时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间更能反映出行者的幸福感，应优先选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用通勤出行时间指标。因为从人的正常</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生理角度考虑，一天24小时中，剔除8</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小时工作学习和8 小时睡眠时间，通勤</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与生活娱乐剩下8 小时，餐饮、家庭教</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">育等需耗费4小时，娱乐休闲消耗2～2.5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小时，则交通的时间必须控制在1.5 ～ 2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小时( 通常单程通勤出行时间不超45 分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">钟)，超过该数值，人们的其他生活需求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将受到抑制，幸福感就会下降。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）空间类规划的交通指标特点</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间类规划主要包括主体功能区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地利用和城乡规划3类，交通指标特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点各异。主体功能区规划几乎没有交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标。土地利用规划的指标以道路与交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通设施用地规模和占比为主，体系较为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">单一，不能完全反映交通对土地的要求。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划交通指标大多以反映交通系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本身为主，也包括交通对土地、空间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关指标，如道路与交通设施用地规模、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人均道路面积等，指标数量庞大而繁杂，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对城乡规划反馈作用不足[8]。总体而言，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各类空间规划所采取的交通指标在长期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使用实践过程中，取得了较大的成效，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也出现了一定的不适应性，问题不仅体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现在指标本身的选取，还体现在指标数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值的确定，以下以道路与交通设施用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">占比这一指标为例加以说明。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地标准》(GB50137—2011)(以下简称《用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地标准》)规定，道路与交通设施用地为“宜</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">符合10%～25% 的比例幅度控制指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模较大城市的比例宜比规模较小城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高，对工矿城市、风景旅游城市等城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可根据实际情况具体确定”，各城市在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际规划建设中常结合定性分析自主裁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量，最大浮动偏差可达150%。以2002</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">～ 2017年全国城市和城区的用地分类数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据为例，这一指标主要有以下特点：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，我国城市道路与交通设施<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地占比总体符合《用地标准》，且呈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">增长趋势( 图1)。2012 年以来，道路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与交通基础设施用地占比为11.9%～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">14.9%，年均增长率为4.5%，呈现道路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与交通设施用地增速高于城市建设用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">增速的特点。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.539559" data-w="771" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpaGn730SsQYWHmfQPZad7Zth9QmBDkEqn93WWtUSQyvhHuEcXvicycdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，相当一部分城市的道路与交通<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施用地占比不符合《用地标准》( 图2)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对2017 年全国656 个城市分析得出，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">17.1% 的城市离散在《用地标准》以外，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中14.3% 的城市低于道路与交通设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地占比10% 的低限值，2.7% 的城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高于25% 的高限值，交通与设施用地占</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比在《用地标准》中的比例控制幅度需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进一步完善。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5339309" data-w="781" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpiciaEaeJT4riatAT3lz3iaYAJZ1Oq3lia6gypcorRibdHdSoJQz2JnA5xwQg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，我国城市规模越大，城市<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路与交通设施用地占比越大，与《用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地标准》相符( 图3)。同规模等级城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路与交通设施用地占比存在一定的规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">律集聚性。从道路与交通设施用地占比</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">15%、85% 分位数偏差值看，超大及特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大城市、大城市偏差值在8% 以内，中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小城市偏差值在10% 以内。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4916129" data-w="775" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpiccf7Z4JSkxWXfickqeQQlNFiacy1vzxR4CQgFInsoibFJzXDzYQRfUBicQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由此可见，《用地标准》提出的“宜<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">符合10%～25% 的比例幅度控制指标”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">难以覆盖全国城市的多样化发展要求；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“规模较大城市的比例宜比规模较小城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市高”存在合理性，但缺乏具体的量化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指导区间。此外，《用地标准》针对的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是城市中心城区、镇区的城市建设用地，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新的国土空间规划已转向对市域用地的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体管控，旧的指标不能满足新时代交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通用地的发展要求。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）国土空间规划对交通指标的要求</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 北京和上海新总体规划交通指标<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选取。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《北京城市总体规划(2016—2035)》<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提出标本兼治缓解城市交通拥堵，建立</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分圈层交通发展模式，打造“１小时交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通圈”及适度超前、优先发展交通基础</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施等。到2020 年北京市交通基础设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地( 含区域交通基础设施用地) 约为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">700km2(约占城乡建设用地的24.5%)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到2035年约为850km2(约占城乡建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地的30.8%)。交通指标体系重点从坚</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">持共享发展方面选取了集中建设区服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路网密度、轨道交通里程和绿色出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比例3个核心评价指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《上海城市总体规划(2017—2035)》<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">突出交通骨架引导作用，以区域交通廊</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道引导空间布局，以公共交通提升空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">组织效能，规划道路与交通设施用地面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积约为640km2，约占规划建设用地的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">20%。交通指标体系重点从更具活力的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">繁荣创新之城、更具魅力的幸福人文之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城方面选取了航空旅客中转率、公共交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通占全方式出行比例、对10万人以上新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市镇轨道站点的覆盖率、全路网密度4</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个核心评价指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 自然资源部相关技术文件交通指<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标选取。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《国土空间规划监测预警指标体系》<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立了资源环境状况、国土空间开发利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用状况的2个大类、7个子类共计100</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余项指标( 图4)。交通指标主要出现在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间开发利用状况大类的重大基础</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施、空间品质2个小类中，包括公路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路网密度、铁路路网密度和平均通勤时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间等10个指标。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4533844" data-w="783" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpT2lEiabR6Dmqgwkl4m8FHzAN9XiayS8Dea63XrFN0zxVaPjcVRpfYuaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《市县国土空间开发保护现状评估<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">技术指南( 试行)》中的指标类别包含基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本指标和推荐指标( 图5)。基本指标与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时空紧密关联，体现质量、效率和结构，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通指标仅在结构效率中纳入路网密度1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个指标；推荐指标是根据新时代国土空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间规划重构性要求，遴选出的具有代表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性的指标，按安全、创新、协调、绿色、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发和共享维度，供各地选用建立符合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地方实践的指标体系，交通指标在绿色、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开放、共享中纳入绿色交通出行比例、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机场年旅客吞吐量、轨道站点800m范</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">围人口和岗位覆盖率等11 个指标。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8540333" data-w="781" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpwuI7c1JuG97kAvM5MvfrODVBB5EEtPvrwxwBCRHmyaqsVvibNrTKwHg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Fzfc86lK78ZkZMhT1HejRugsp9kSBnjWbC929pQbxh1VAhcDib3gQZTs1eNWvW7HUSsE5szRrkAZxCbe0HkC2aQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间规划中的交通指标体系</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建方法探讨</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）国土空间规划中的交通指标体系构建路径</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间规划要科学有序统筹布局<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态、农业、城镇等功能空间，划定生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护红线、永久基本农田与城镇开发边界</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等空间管控边界。国土空间规划中的交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划尚处于探索阶段，魏旭红等人提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出“三线”是“三区”内部最核心的刚性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要求，交通包含在“三区三线”内( 图6)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过网络效应串联国土空间各要素，应加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强与“三区三线”的协调和组织；崔功豪</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">认为，国土空间规划的目的是城市空间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构优化、空间利用管制，需依靠交通来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">搭建和支撑，注重交通引领发展区位和发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展节点，提升交通在国土空间规划中的战</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">略引领作用和地位；杨东援提出，应开展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对城市空间发展具有引导性、前置性、外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部性、制约性的交通战略研究，如城市对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外发展通道、城市和周边城市群的关系、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市重要枢纽与国家运输网的关系等，都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将引领、控制城市整体空间结构，并且是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前置性的引导，需要在资源紧缺的条件下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权衡。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8826185" data-w="443" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpKmO1icQTjibZNAVaFByePUr30icf67QlT8K1VmEtJ7GkOTFB8UDQCe4Xw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在国土空间规划的新要求下，交通<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的地位、功能已经发生了变化。交通产</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生于不同国土空间使用之间相互联系的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要求，其性质与数量直接与国土空间使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用相关，交通与国土空间之间存在着强</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关的数理关系。交通应从传统关注自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">身的顺畅运行转向顺应国土空间的指导</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和约束作用及高质量组织国土空间，促</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进国土空间的可持续发展(图7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5315436" data-w="745" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpr6WvBYk1pjoibQnI6u02DlOJnvbMfGM21hq88Bygt8knOJ8Cfe3pgSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 国土空间对交通的指导和约束。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间是城市的稀缺资源。在生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态文明建设时代，生态环境是人类生存</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和发展的根基，直接影响文明兴衰演替，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需整体谋划新时代国土空间开发保护格</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局，科学布局生态空间、农业空间和城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇空间。显而易见，城市不可能无穷尽</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地提供国土空间应用于交通基础设施，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应用于交通系统的国土空间过多也必然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导致其他功能受到限制。应充分发挥国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间规划对交通的指导和约束作用，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统筹交通基础设施规划建设，优化存量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资源配置，扩大优质增量供给，实现交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通等各类国土空间的按需分配、精准供</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">给和动态平衡。重点体现为：在满足城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市正常运作下，交通应尽可能集约节</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">约，主要可通过交通基础设施用地面积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">占比等指标直观反映，该指标在原土地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利用等空间类规划进行了一定的实践并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">取得了相关成效，急需在传承和发扬的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基础上研究适应国土空间规划的参考标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准。从北京、上海新总规看，超大城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通基础设施用地占建设用地的比例超</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">20%，甚至达30% 以上。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，可通过交通的共享、复合属<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性进行表达，即交通空间不仅仅承担运</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">输功能，还可作为城市综合开发、公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间等社会经济功能，如加强交通复合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利用、街道公共空间打造等举措，可通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过轨道交通场站综合开发比例、人均街</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道场所面积等指标表达。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 以交通为纽带高质量地组织国土<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质量发展阶段，国土空间发展必须坚定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不移地贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共享的发展理念。交通是不同类型国土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间高质量发展的纽带，应从跨行政区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域、跨行业边界的角度，实现用地、产</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">业与新技术的融合，从而提供人民满意、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保障有力、世界前列的交通系统，促进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态、农业、城镇等功能空间的可持续</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以服务城镇空间为例，关键是寻求<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通与城镇空间发展需求相适应，提供</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全、便捷、高效、绿色、经济的现代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化综合交通体系，重点体现在功能匹配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和枢纽能级两个方面。功能匹配即交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与城镇空间功能协同一致，即城镇空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便捷、高效使用交通，这一目标可通过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如轨道站点800m人口岗位覆盖率等交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通指标传递；枢纽能级反映城市在国家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">或区域层面的地位，以及为不限于一座</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的国土空间发展带来源源不断的外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界资源，主要通过机场旅客吞吐规模等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通指标传递。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要注意的是，上述两大功能作用<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相互联系、相互支撑。国土空间对交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的指导和约束强调对国土空间中点、线、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面交通空间资源的拥有和占用，与服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域交通发展要求及通过交通组织国土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的主导交通模式联系密切。以交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为纽带高质量地组织国土空间强调的是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通为国土空间的高效使用提供强有力</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的引导和支撑，交通需占据必要的国土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间，同时受资源环境等约束。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）交通指标体系构建原则</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为满足上述要求，充分发挥交通指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标管控的作用，交通指标体系构建应遵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">循提高科学性、精准层次性和注重操作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性3个原则，达到既相互补充又相互制约，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最终实现指标的权威性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 提高科学性。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标必须对目标进行全面传递和反<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">映，从定性目标到指标存在“定量化和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">去抽象化”过程。有时单一指标过于笼统，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">无法全面体现目标的复杂性，常需要构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建多个指标定量描述。例如，实现交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统的绿色化，需采用多个指标，从绿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">色交通出行比例、交通碳排放等指标综</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合传递。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 精准层次性。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间规划建立了“五级三类四<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系”总体框架及“管什么批什么”原则，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标应顺应国家、省和市不同层级事权，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及根据总体规划、详细规划和专项规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划等不同类型要求进行选取。此外，国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间规划应根据城市所处阶段，如增</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量、存量等不同发展阶段的目标并不相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同，需要按需选取规模、质量等类型指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 注重操作性。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体现指标的易获取，确保指标的客<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">观性，促进指标的可监测、可落实。不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同类型指标难易程度特点不同：反映国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间自然属性的指标，如交通基础设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施用地规模等，大多可建立信息平台自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动生成或相关部门填报，获取相对较为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">简单；反映国土空间的功能属性的指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如机场旅客客运量和通勤出行时间等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">获取方式多样和难易不一，相当一部分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需专门建立交通模型测算。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">按照上述指标构建原则，可以满足<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通指标在各级、各类型规划中进行传</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导和反馈的需求，起到加强对国土空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划实施的监督考核的作用，防止出现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">换一届党委政府改一次规划的现象，既</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提升了指标体系的权威性，又切实维护</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了规划的严肃性。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Fzfc86lK78ZkZMhT1HejRugsp9kSBnjWbC929pQbxh1VAhcDib3gQZTs1eNWvW7HUSsE5szRrkAZxCbe0HkC2aQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">广州市国土空间总体规划交通指标</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建实践</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）国土空间总体规划概况</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州市按照“世界眼光、国际标准、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国特色、高点定位”的要求，以粤港</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">澳大湾区建设为纲，对标国内外先进城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市和地区经验，明晰在高质量发展方面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的差距，制定了广州市面向未来的“美</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">丽宜居花城，活力全球城市”总体目标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">愿景。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通专项规划探索创新编制方法，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在组织形式上与国土空间总体规划同步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">编制交通发展战略规划；在技术内容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上，以“管什么批什么”为原则，对国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家层面交通事项定项目、定布局和定管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控要求，对城市层面事项定机制、定规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模和定发展愿景。交通专项提出了一系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">列目标与行动，并有针对性地制定相应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的指标，为规划提供支撑。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）交通指标选取分析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广州市通过“三调”、综合交通调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">查和手机信令等交通社会经济数据，评</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">估分析交通运行现状情况，在全面、真</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实数据基础上，从广州市的城市定位和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间高质量发展的要求出发，形成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间交通指标管控体系。指标构建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主要从两个方面进行考虑：一是反映国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间对交通的指导和约束；二是反映</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通高质量组织国土空间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 反映国土空间对交通的指导和约<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">束的指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州市国土空间总体规划以“双评<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">价”为基础，加强底线管控，科学有序</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定生态保护红线、永久基本农田和城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇开发边界3条控制底线，构建了国土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间保护开发格局。交通按照生态优先、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿色发展和集约节约的要求，统筹交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地资源安排。交通指标的选取和管控，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主要反映交通与城镇开发边界和城镇功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能空间的协同。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在国家对超大城市日益严格规模约<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">束背景下，根据广州市未来人口发展趋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">势，广州市2035年常住人口为2000万</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">左右，较2018年增长约34%。为满足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通需求的进一步增长，广州市提出精</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准供给的集约节约交通用地策略，构建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间交通战略模型(图8)，测算以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轨道为骨干、以轨道为主体等9 种不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">战略战术情景，评估不同情景下交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统所需的国土空间资源，并协调与其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他国土空间资源的关系。评估结果显示，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选择以轨道为主体的公交都市是唯一发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展出路，与小汽车发展模式相较，能以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更少的国土空间满足尽可能多的出行需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求，特别是轨道交通大多采用地下敷设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方式，鼓励对场站进行综合开发，实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽可能低地占用国土空间。广州市提出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了系统性控制指标体系，包括2035年交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通基础设施用地( 含城镇村道路、区域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性交通运输用地) 不少于480km2，占建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设用地比例不少于21.9%；城市轨道建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设里程约为2000km2，主城区路网密度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不低于8km/km2；主城区公共交通(不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">含出租车) 占机动化出行比例达70% 及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轨道交通占公共交通(不含出租车)出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比例达80% 等。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8523748" data-w="779" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpOzpliafNlUaBsLq3BFMjQVibSO80lYt1OPrJJdhx4Zpnice7wZOjZguaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 反映以交通为纽带高质量组织国<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间的指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国际综合交通枢纽的地位历来是广<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">州市的重要职能和竞争力来源。2018年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广州白云机场旅客吞吐量为6973 万人，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">排名全球第13 位；广州港集装箱吞吐量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为2037万标准箱，排名全球第5 位，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">承载起广州市各类空间资源要素在全球、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全国及粤港澳大湾区等不同层次区域的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高效流动。结合广州交通的国家定位、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域特别是粤港澳大湾区的发展责任及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当前发展阶段等诸多因素，广州市国际</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">综合交通枢纽一方面应做大枢纽基础设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施，实现“强强项”，如2035 年机场旅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">客吞吐量为1.2 亿～1.4亿人次、港口货</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">物吞吐量为7.5亿吨等发展指标；另一方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面，应着力进行“补短板”，重点提高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">枢纽国际化水平和运输产品的高附加值，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如2035 年机场中转旅客占比25%、机场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国际及地区直达航线数量为190个、港</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">口集装箱吞吐量为3500万标准箱等高质</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量发展指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州市国土空间总体规划形成更为<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">完善的“主城区—副中心—外围城区—新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型城镇”城镇体系，建设公共交通支撑和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">引导城市空间发展模式，统筹城市空间布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局、土地利用和交通需求，重点建设更紧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">密的城际直连轨道线网、更高效的市域快</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">速地铁网及更高密度的城市轨道普线网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等多层级轨道网络，积极推进综合公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通枢纽开发建设，引导人口和就业岗位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向交通综合体集聚，形成以轨道为主体的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交都市。具体而言，主要采用90% 的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居民公共交通通勤时间控制在50 分钟以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内、市域内外围组团至核心区45 分钟通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">达、主城区轨道站点800m人口覆盖率</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">达80% 等指标管控或监测。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 小结。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合上述两个方面，共选取形成2<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个大类30 余项交通指标体系，结合多次</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全国专家咨询及评审意见，重点选取机</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场中转旅客占比、港口集装箱吞吐量和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主城区公共交通( 不含出租车) 占机动化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行比例等6项核心指标列入国家考核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系(表1)，机场旅客吞吐量、城市轨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道建设里程等其余指标一并列入城市一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">般监测指标体系，并通过广州市国土空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间总体规划交通专项后评估和广州市交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通发展年度报告等形式进行评估，实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">长期的观测与反馈调整。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.412516" data-w="783" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpYV9hhxBl5PLhTDLxTbicibXBribicUcgWxOqlibHf3dDlewNJicvtk6PqpPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）保障实施建议</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 定期开展基于指标监测的规划后<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通指标管控和监测仅初步反映交<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通与国土空间的融合程度，是作为国土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间实施新的交通管理决策的一项重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">依据，但其背后的原因仍需深入分析，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应进一步结合定期开展的交通规划后评</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">估进行系统诊断，实现精准施策。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 动态更新完善指标体系。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">顺应国土空间发展阶段及交通定位<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标的变化，建立指标进入退出机制，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适时更新国土空间规划下的交通指标体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系，实现指标对国土空间新目标的实时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传递。此外，随着技术的进步，以往一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">些科学性强但可获得性差的指标获得将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">变为容易，为指标体系动态更新提供了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新的机遇。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Fzfc86lK78ZkZMhT1HejRugsp9kSBnjWbC929pQbxh1VAhcDib3gQZTs1eNWvW7HUSsE5szRrkAZxCbe0HkC2aQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，举国上下都在积极推动国土<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间规划的编制探索，努力实现国家要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求的到2020年基本建立国土空间规划体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系和完成市县以上各级国土空间总体规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划编制的要求。本文以交通指标为切入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点，探索交通指标对国土空间规划新要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求的准确传递，构建了系统性、分层级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的交通指标体系。一是“少而精”的核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心指标，以尽可能少的指标对国土空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的使用情况进行考核，避免数量繁杂的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标削弱管控；二是更全面的一般监测</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标，起到对核心指标的补充和完善作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用，也便于相关职能部门按需使用，使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国土空间规划真正发挥国家规划体系中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基础性作用。核心指标和一般监测指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标之间的层级关系及每项指标具体选取</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理由将随着空间规划理论的深入研究得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到进一步完善，内部的逻辑关系和使用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效果将在实践中得到检验。总而言之，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标体系构建是一项复杂的系统工程，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前仅进行了初步探索，需尽快明确国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间规划中的交通责任和定位，共同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">促进国土空间下的交通指标研究，提升</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通规划对国土空间规划的支撑和引领</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作用。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Fzfc86lK78ZkZMhT1HejRugsp9kSBnjWbC929pQbxh1VAhcDib3gQZTs1eNWvW7HUSsE5szRrkAZxCbe0HkC2aQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年01期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年01期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《大城市国土空间规划交通指标体系构建思考</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: 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/></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2962963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhaG3An8uPvyYQO8yDuz3gyibIXOxg1cHSkNBjUFicNkZnhddRh5ctebT8RYRVMIf2PG9fabr4uibrOg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjiaJbsibMs7ibruzz31ILJolpLsYV4gzV9tYvBxFBDrbYtHCEicqlibKtDZichibSpOtGqZWyNTAszAjkuA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 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