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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHd4ymbKfiaHxlWJTqskVI1tStHLovaTatVnfbw5lWlDeRYqe1ticlrrOcA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHd4ymbKfiaHxlWJTqskVI1tStHLovaTatVnfbw5lWlDeRYqe1ticlrrOcA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者西安建筑科技大学硕士研究生王冰倩，省部共建西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室、西安建筑科技大学教授、博士生导师陈晓键在《规划师》2020年第2期撰文，在存量规划背景下，城市发展愈加注重品质的提升，而公园绿地是提升城市品质的重要支撑，其布局的公平性与便捷性直接影响了居民的生活质量。为了使公园绿地在有限的存量用地内最大效用地发挥其服务价值，提升用地布局的合理性，文章结合位置分配模型，以公园绿地覆盖居民最多和居民总出行成本最小分别作为公平性与便捷性目标，通过建立公园绿地与居民点之间的动态匹配，合理确定公园绿地的数量、位置及服务范围，再将服务人口与公园绿地面积进行校核，以保证人均指标反映实际服务水平，并以西安纺织城地区为例，选取社区公园和游园作为研究对象进行验证，以期为现阶段公园绿地的布局优化提供新思路。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 存量规划；公园绿地；公平性；便捷性；位置分配模型</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2020)02-0012-07　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU985　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]王冰倩，陈晓键．西安纺织城地区公园绿地布局优化研究[J]．规划师，2020(2)：12-19．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/e18rO1QKIRElakhYPSr69X2meaGQHfW1cRmpIGuriab5FW1go4K8la8EDqgl5yibRYVDwibTIvB6iazqKEHXf2BiaibQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究方法与数据获取</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）研究方法</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文主要运用了问卷调查法和模型<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分析法，问卷调查法是通过发放问卷了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">解居民对公园绿地的满意度及游憩需求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并进行统计；模型分析法主要采用LA 模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型，该模型进行公园绿地最优选址的基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本原理是假设候选公园绿地用地为设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点，居民点为需求点，并且空间位置已知，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据预先设定的优化目标，系统会自动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">匹配设施点和需求点，并形成服务区。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">GIS 主要提供7 种优化模型，本文采用的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是最小设施点模型、最大覆盖范围模型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及最小阻抗模型。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最小设施点模型即覆盖所有需求点<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时所必需的最少设施点的数量和位置，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以满足政府部门用最低的成本为市民提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供最优的服务，可用于社区公园和游园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的初步选址，在满足覆盖条件的基础上，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以进行下一步优化。最大覆盖范围模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型是在设施选址数目已定的情况下，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所有候选用地中挑选出给定数目的设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间位置，使得位于设施最大服务半径</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之内的需求点最多，从社会公平角度来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">讲，社区公园布局应该能够让更多人共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">享，即满足总服务人口最大。最大覆盖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范围模型用于社区公园的二次选址，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满足公平性要求。最小阻抗模型是在设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施选址数目已定的情况下，在所有候选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地中挑选出给定数目的设施空间位置，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使得所有使用者到达最近设施点的出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成本之和最小。利用最小阻抗模型是公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园绿地布局便捷性的体现，可用于与居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民联系最为紧密的游园的二次选址。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）研究区域</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文选取西安纺织城地区进行调研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和分析。纺织城地处西安主城区东侧，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">灞桥区西部，浐灞生态区核心区以南，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">白鹿塬坡底，是灞桥区人民政府所在地。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究范围北至连霍高速公路，东至灞河</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及西安绕城高速公路，南至咸宁东路，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">西至东三环路，主要包含纺织城街道和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">席王街道，面积约为15km2，人口约18</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">万。研究区域范围内以居住功能为主，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">已经形成较为稳定的社区关系，包含旧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区、城中村和新建小区等多种居住形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态，该地区面临着旧城更新改造，具有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一定的典型性。纺织城地区在过去几十</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年中人口数量和老龄化程度均有所增加，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而公园绿地建设速度缓慢，居民强烈的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">游憩需求与公园绿地面积不足的矛盾十</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分突出。合理规划纺织城地区公园绿地，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满足地区居民公平享受公园绿地的服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能及老龄化社区居民出行的便捷性需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求日益紧迫。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）数据获取</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据上文的介绍，应用以上模型需<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要的数据包括研究区域内已有设施点和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">候选设施点的数据集、区内所有需求点</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的数据集、道路网数据集，相关数据如</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">表1、图1 所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5300546" data-w="732" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdichE5cvS0rYkKQxjjzicJsB1sxiaYI4s8Hxian5CAeNcpIvIEPJRwyzbyg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.475" data-w="360" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdj6YzIAEGVpO0UQgKtXiatUkqASdHr5CTpGrkAuFTIxFQmcHmXste4hw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在资料来源方面，人口数据、用<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地现状、绿地斑块及拟建设施点等均为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2019 年实际调研所得。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 点数据获取。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文获取的点数据主要包括设施点<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数据和需求点数据，设施点数据主要来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源于两个方面：一是现状设施点数据，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">即现状社区公园和游园。二是候选设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点数据，主要将土地利用规划图和现状</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图相结合，把城市中的空地、建筑质量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较差的用地作为公园绿地设施点的候选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地。因为旧住区用地紧凑，周围用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性质不易改变，所以暂不考虑周边用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对本次公园用地候选点选取的影响。最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">终，获取设施点数据119 个，总面积约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为3km2；需求点数据主要考虑人群分布，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">原则上每个人都是一个需求点，为了便</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于计算，将每个居住组团统计为一个需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求点，面积约为4hm2，人口约1500人，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求得纺织城地区共有130 个需求点。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 线数据的获取。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">线数据即研究区域的道路中心线，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是设施点和需求点之间的桥梁，研究结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合灞桥区的远期交通路网布局图及现状</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路，建立线数据图层。由于到达公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿地以步行为主，研究不再对道路进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分级、单双线等设置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 面数据获取。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面数据主要有行政区划及候选设施<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点的面积，主要用于按人口分布的面积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核，以最终确定公园绿地规模。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/e18rO1QKIRElakhYPSr69X2meaGQHfW1cRmpIGuriab5FW1go4K8la8EDqgl5yibRYVDwibTIvB6iazqKEHXf2BiaibQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">西安纺织城地区公园绿地选址与</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">布局</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）纺织城地区公园绿地现状和需求分析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.现状分析</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纺织城地区人口分布较不均匀，核<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心区人口密集，边缘区人口稀疏，现状</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仅有一处社区公园及少部分的沿街游园，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人均公园绿地面积不足3m2(包含居住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">组团内的绿地)，远低于《城市用地分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类与规划建设用地标准》提出的人均公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园绿地8m2的标准，公园绿地建设严</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重匮乏。根据现状统计，社区公园与游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园作为与居民联系最为紧密的游憩用地，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分布不合理，核心区人口较多而绿地较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">少，居民到达公园绿地极不便捷，且绿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地覆盖率不足(图2)，被覆盖的区域人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均绿地指标不足1m2(表2)，显然目前</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的纺织城地区居民在生活中实际享有的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园绿地服务水平还非常低。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4058355" data-w="377" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdE6u7S47kVicJVTphIZOlw4g1kSiakz1IhdepNldYiabpibmDypYB1ib4pKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2885906" data-w="745" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdRhSjthZ1hZJ4WLrynvRibPiazT1LjibKTQ4tVJrUdNm9xgTYJjcvLibHwA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.需求分析和相关指标确定</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了解纺织城地区居民对现状公园<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿地的满意度，笔者通过发放问卷的形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式对该地区进行调研，所调研的对象是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在该地区居住时长超过三年，并且经常</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行游憩活动的群体。在住区内发放问</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">卷80份，在公园绿地内发放问卷150份，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">回收有效问卷226份。在有效样本中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">男女比例为7︰3，考虑到该地区游憩群</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体以老年人居多并且老龄化严重的现状，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在问卷发放数量上略向老年群体倾斜，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">50～70岁人口占比约为30%。通过问</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">卷调查结果分析，居民对公园绿地的满</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">意度较低，不满意和非常不满意占比超</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过了50%，尤其是在纺织城核心人口密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">集区，不满意程度更高。被访者对公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿地不满意的主要原因是空间缺乏与不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便到达。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对该地区居民到达公园绿地的出行<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方式进行调查发现，步行为主要的交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方式，占所有交通方式的73%。在居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到达社区公园的可接受步行时间中，15</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">～20分钟所占比例最大，其次20～30</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分钟也可接受；到达游园的可接受步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时间为5～10分钟，其次10～15分钟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也可接受。根据向弱势群体倾斜的理念，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合老年人步行速度，对服务半径和步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行时间进行适度调整，最终确定到社区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园的距离为步行20 分钟，服务半径为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1200m；到游园的距离为步行10 分钟，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务半径为500m。《城市绿地分类标准》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(CJJ/T 85—2017) 对社区公园规模做出了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大于1hm2的规定，未对游园规模及人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均绿地指标做规定；《城市居住区规划设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计标准》(GB 50180—2018) 将15分钟生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活圈的人均公共绿地指标确定为2m2，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将5分钟和10分钟生活圈的人均绿地指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标确定为1m2。本文借鉴相关研究指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合实地调研，针对纺织城地区现状公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园绿地指标偏低与居民迫切的游憩要求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相矛盾的问题，将该地区社区公园的规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模和人均指标下限分别限定为1hm2和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.5平方米/人；游园由于要考虑居民使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用紧邻性的要求，规模不宜过大，但为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了满足居民游憩活动的使用需求，建议</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模大于1000m2。游园与居民联系更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为便捷，使用频率大于社区公园，在规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划布局中应持鼓励态度，但因其层级低</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于社区公园，故将游园人均绿地指标设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定为1m2( 表3)。通过对该地区人口的预</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">测，求得规划年限内应该新增的社区公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和游园需求量(表4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2265943" data-w="737" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdEDKzWKHp8xUkiaSeITiantRTDQic2K4eiavyhyXCkHQSfCMGjOuZicQOic8w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2411924" data-w="738" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdZZHQzsogkB3dGgYbpibQPMgkeHTMUEdWSVwO6bzghMDwyoWpzwUKKHw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）纺织城地区公园绿地选址及空间布局</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.社区公园区位选择</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在社区公园选址中，从已经确定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的公园绿地候选用地中筛选出面积大于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1hm2的用地，先运行最小设施点模型，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阻抗中断根据社区公园的服务半径设置</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为1200m，把现有的纺织城公园作为设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施必选点。运行结果如图3 所示，共需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要设置社区公园11 个，保留原有纺织城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园，共需要新设置社区公园10个。因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为过多的社区公园不利于用地的经济性，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以根据最大覆盖范围模型对上一步的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选址进行优化：从5 个设施点到11个设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施点进行统计(表5)，研究发现，在布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局7个社区公园时，服务人口覆盖率和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务面积覆盖率均超过90%，再增加设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施点，其服务面积和服务人口相差不大，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以初步选址确定社区公园个数为7个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4278351" data-w="388" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdpP8tVPePdCMpbaapNaiaL8516UP3g3wH3ztUUPIUwP6MhE9npGhypFg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2178082" data-w="730" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdxMDmxD9ZeQrVVLcE79at3HfV12bhCReaibCibORPJvvibG4ibUsfx4Mmcw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4673913" data-w="368" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdZgxP724Dkx6QUBsMSbxodx9SPBtnB5laYXQNichXNhxlfziag1CX2oqg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区公园的规模配置和空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">布局</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在社区公园选址的初步位置确定后，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要基于人口分布划分服务范围和确定社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区公园的面积。首先，根据社区公园服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务的住区，确定服务范围内的人口数量，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并与社区公园的设计人口容量相比较，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计算出社区公园人口的盈余与缺口；其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">次，根据人口配置缺口与盈余情况进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区公园位置和规模的调整与优化，并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重新划分服务区，最终目标是使得每个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区公园都能够满足服务范围内的居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的人均公园绿地指标需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以实际的人口分布为基础，通过上<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">述方法对纺织城地区确定的7个社区公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园服务范围进行划分(图5，表6)，结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">果显示，服务区1、2、7 均有人口盈余，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而服务区3、4、5、6 均存在社区公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面积不足的情况。从人口分布来看，服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务区1、2、7 均位于研究区域的边缘，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一方面是该区域人口相对较少，如果按</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照人均指标来计算，需要的社区公园面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积也较少，另一方面是边缘地带街道尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度大，候选社区公园用地面积充足，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务区1、2 位于新开发区，是未来人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">口增加的主要地带，因此服务区面积可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">暂不做调整。服务区3、4的社区公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缺少面积较多，这两个服务区人口密集，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务区3 位于席王街道，区域内高层住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅较多，且被选中的用地位于市中心，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">周围为商业用地，布局较为紧凑，但其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">东侧有大片未建设的工地，在新规划中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以建议设置3.5hm2 的社区公园即能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满足该服务区的要求；服务区4 位于旧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">工业住区核心地区，常住居民多为下岗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">职工，人口密度大，该区域布局紧凑但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">周围用地效率不足，被选中作为社区公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园的用地面积较小，可以将部分房屋拆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">迁，与东侧空地共同形成服务区4。服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务区5、6、7面积相差不大，周围均有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地进行补充，暂不作调整，最终形成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区公园布局及服务区范围(图6，表7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4148936" data-w="376" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHddkyMrQm0Ocsg7ibCwJTr6fL9iadicG52hPicXJBOgia2U4VNcjziafOEBYQw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4197861" data-w="748" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdVAGThibaIuXViabUs8ow4crV0AIVVulErCt0PxpGsqZz2Is2lUDeXnrA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.392" data-w="375" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdZzkibt9QLAHic4mA4lCe6vOiaSvVpmR6EkDGSX8KZ8EYWQe6TVHOJVuTQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4459279" data-w="749" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHduKA8y3hkqz4GmPL9lNrvMMeQZnibLicVMBUM6J6zw5VRicUfKvgnWfuVg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.游园的区位选择</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游园的预设目标是居民总的出行成<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本最小，以规定时间内到达游园的数目</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及地块内居民到达游园的总耗时为衡量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标准。布局方法与社区公园一致，在候</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选用地中剔除已经作为社区公园的用地，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将已有的游园作为必选点，阻抗中断设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置为500m，运行结果如图7 所示：原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有游园17个，新设置游园26个，共有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">游园43个。在利用最小阻抗模型求解时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从设施点30个开始每隔两个进行统计，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究发现，总布局38个游园地块内居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总出行时间最短，再增加游园数目，所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务的住区虽然有所增加，但是总出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效率降低(表8)，所以加上现状17个游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园共布局38个游园较为合理(图8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3797814" data-w="366" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdBKLtFRiaxvY2YqE6xgbqsO26nDRnt0iagbdbV9TNiaics8wIKICc5eSCVw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2064815" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdibjoZ6OwUCEWpibDVJrSyWyom5lCU0YTBC0oHYyn9STqv5LlG77KE7ZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.336" data-w="375" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHd4LiaoSSyYl8MEyQuXKW0lZJ4piaaibnorRvHHHuVic7VLDpBAvZonzAcAw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.游园的规模配置和空间布局</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游园位置的选址确定后，下一步需<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行服务范围的划分与人口校核，计算</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出游园服务范围内的人口数量，与游园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计容量进行对比(图9，表9)。对人均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标过大的用地进一步划分，避免用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">浪费；对于人均指标不足的用地进行增</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">补，形成优化调整方案，再重新运用最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小阻抗模型进行求解，形成服务区范围。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3967828" data-w="373" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdzV6Sxr2IkGAJq8eaYBUNhDLUrE8icTRIPhWfGc5JVic0pYCHErXgeaZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3962963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdVcKIYan41PRcmguc34T09paqribUjtYByQskDTVAQsDq7N2fzeBUQeg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一般来说，游园由于服务半径的限<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制，服务区内服务人口相对较少，而候</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选用地面积大小不一，共分为三种情况：</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一类是像地块1、13这种游园面积较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大而服务人口少的，这类用地可以在候</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选用地内进行最小面积确定，便于后期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地开发；第二类是像2、12这类用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人均指标稍大于1m2的，为了鼓励游园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展，暂不做调整；第三类是如15、35</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等用地不足的地块，可根据周边空闲用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地进行增补，以达到游园人均指标的要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求；对于一些服务区内人口较少的游园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以进行撤并，以保证布局的有效性。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外，地块中部是纺织城地区人口密集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区，老年人较多，导致游园需求增加，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此可进行适当的调整与扩大，再用最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小阻抗模型进行检验，最终形成39 个游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园的空间布局(图10，表10)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3823529" data-w="374" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdK4IC0WeYicbgwNKVW1axibhZ4E41A8L14rFmeNRPWV26NC97ibZicWQlPQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3925926" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdAicpWQR9enUjnfHl0PibRzUT0RkcaPmUL79ydSGyPvhbNHHleMylAmUg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）纺织城地区公园绿地最终选择与比较分析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过对纺织城地区社区公园和游园<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的需求分析、初步选址、选址筛选、规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模配置及分布优化，最终形成了纺织城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地区公园绿地空间布局( 图11)，这一套</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法能保证在一定时间内达到社区公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的服务范围最大化和游园的总出行距离</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最小，并且人均指标符合规定要求。社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区公园和游园的住区人口覆盖率均达到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了90% 以上，保证了公园绿地布局的公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平性，居民到达最近社区公园的平均出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行时间为12.5 分钟，到达最近游园的平</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均出行时间为6 分钟(表11)，提升了整</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体地块用地效率和公园绿地的服务水平，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使得空间布局满足了公平与便捷的要求。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3858696" data-w="368" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdjsH0HyNtKgtLAalyxctzuzwOkSsPh03CzicIM3EpdVD0iabOszoXR9bg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2175926" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHdVxUH47qQhohQWKOkXickHypwMMfm4VtTnjUS2ojMos9AZLEB3p5kfvw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/e18rO1QKIRElakhYPSr69X2meaGQHfW1cRmpIGuriab5FW1go4K8la8EDqgl5yibRYVDwibTIvB6iazqKEHXf2BiaibQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在存量规划背景下，城市公园绿地<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">只能采取“见缝插针”的布局形式。为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了公园绿地的科学选址与规模合理的配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置，提升地区用地布局的效率性，本文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">引入了LA模型，设定了公平性与便捷性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的优化目标来对公园绿地的选址和布局</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行研究，并以西安纺织城地区为例，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选取社区公园和游园进行验证，研究结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">果表明：①通过从住区出发，研究较小</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尺度范围的公园绿地布局优化，以实际</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的人口分布和道路交通为基础，能够使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划结果更加贴近现实生活，符合以人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为本的规划理念；②在存量规划阶段，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">LA 模型具有较好的适应性，该模型具有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同的优化目标来适用于不同的优化场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">景，能够将不同类型的公园绿地按照预</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">先设定的目标进行合理的匹配，能有效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提升存量用地布局的效率性；③针对现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段用地紧凑及游憩需求增多的社会现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实，本文结合纺织城实地调研情况及相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关规范要求，合理地确定纺织城地区社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区公园和游园的服务半径与人均指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从结果来看，具有一定的合理性；④ LA</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模型中通过将居民点和公园绿地进行匹</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配而进行选址和服务区划分，能够有效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地解决公园绿地布局与居民需求之间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">错位问题，保证了人均指标反映的是实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">际的服务水平，最终布局使得一定步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范围内公园绿地的服务人口达到90% 以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上，居民到达最近公园绿地的时间明显缩</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">短，提升了规划布局的合理性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园绿地从地域公平向社会公平转</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">变，其布局关注设施供给与人口匹配的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关系，随着社会正义理念的提出，公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿地布局也应关注不同人群活动偏好，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及向弱势群体倾斜，今后应更加充分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">考虑不同人群的游憩需求，以期更好地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指导公园绿地的建设。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/e18rO1QKIRElakhYPSr69X2meaGQHfW1cRmpIGuriab5FW1go4K8la8EDqgl5yibRYVDwibTIvB6iazqKEHXf2BiaibQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);width: 95%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年02期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年02期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《西安纺织城地区公园绿地布局优化研究</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 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src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mh9ICYwzKSMtsWGQBW5OsHddYwO60z9Rs1ZC6G48xlxu8YPtgtROvOLy8RJibgudiasN4po73KoVHIg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 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