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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjBo4rbc6cXlrtw3Or6zdq1szdRkH0G19qhyhsQaic9yHY4b0hE4TPiaY6cmpvsrQHmctkVZGxh6KibQ/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjBo4rbc6cXlrtw3Or6zdq1szdRkH0G19qhyhsQaic9yHY4b0hE4TPiaY6cmpvsrQHmctkVZGxh6KibQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者南京市规划设计研究院有限责任公司院长程茂吉，南京市规划设计研究院有限责任公司规划三所所长陶修华，南京市规划设计研究院有限责任公司张彦在《规划师》2020年第2期撰文，划定生态保护红线和生态空间是国土空间规划的重要工作内容，是建设生态文明的重要保障。有效的生态系统是建立生态安全的重要基础。目前各省已划定的生态保护红线以及城市总体规划改革试点城市划定的生态空间，在技术思路上存在生态系统思想体现不足、难以承担生态底线作用的问题。因此，要在详实生态资源调查评估的基础上，依据生态安全格局分析，从维护生态系统安全和质量的角度出发，明确需要保护的生态空间布局，并根据生态功能重要性和敏感性划定生态保护红线；对生态空间进行差异化用途管控，细化生态保护红线具体管控要求，推进生态保护和经济社会协调发展。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(156, 94, 21), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ]生态空间；生态保护红线；生态系统；用途管控</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2020)02-0048-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]程茂吉，陶修华，张彦．生态空间的系统化构建和差异化管控研究[J]．规划师，2020(2)：48-53．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/HB8uUftVZoM82Nic0SibvCxuRmTqn04Vq2FEU4AvIxS1CrGiad7TGiaLwzLaqooT1icTuW3kibNEDelica6yg15z7I4PA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">市县国土空间规划生态空间划定</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基本思路</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间是生物维持自身生存与繁<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衍所必须的基础条件，是各级国土空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划的重点规划内容。国家级、省级空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间规划应明确全国和省域内生态空间保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">护目标、总体格局和重点区域，而生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间和生态保护红线的划定、生态空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用途的分区则主要在市县国土空间规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中明确。但在2017年开展的试点城市总</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体规划和省域生态保护红线划定工作中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部分城市不注重对生态资源的详细调查，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏从生态系统思维分析与判别生态空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间和生态保护红线区，难以有效保护地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区生态。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）加强资源全覆盖调查，摸清生态资源基础本底</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间由各类具有生态功能的要<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素构成。2017年出台的《自然生态空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用途管制办法( 试行)》提出，“自然生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态空间，是指具有自然属性、以提供生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态产品或生态服务为主导功能的国土空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间，涵盖需要保护和合理利用的森林、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">草原、湿地、河流、湖泊、滩涂、岸线、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">海洋、荒地、荒漠、戈壁、冰川、高山</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">冻原、无居民海岛等”。要准确划定生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态空间，首先要准确识别生态空间。生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态空间的确认，要在地形地貌基本地理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息的基础上进行各类生态要素的摸底</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调查和生态功能重要性评估。目前，土地、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">森林、草原、湿地、水域、岸线及海洋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等各类自然资源都有相应的调查成果，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但在分类标准上不太一致。土地利用现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">状调查数据与其他各类调查数据相比，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具备全类型、全覆盖、更新连续和衔接</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理较好等优势，而且基本完成的第三</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">次全国国土调查加强了生态资源的调查</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容，增加了湿地资源调查，补充了森</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林资源和草地资源的深化调查。因此，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态资源调查应以第三次全国国土调查</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为基础，参考基础地理国情普查，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">森林、草原、湿地、海洋等其他各类自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然资源调查评价成果和有关规划，确定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各类生态要素现状、空间用途、生态质量、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权属和分布。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在生态要素详细调查的基础上，首<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">先要形成分类的生态因子分布图，分析</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">梳理生态因子总量和分布情况，对生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因子空间进行准确落位，逐项开展资源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境要素单项评价，明确重要生态功能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区和生态敏感区，并利用空间信息平台</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行各类生态要素集成度和关联度分析</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评价。其次，在各类生态因子空间定位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和生态功能重要性评价的基础上，借助</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">GIS 等手段进行生态因子叠加分析，分析</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态因子的集聚度和生态斑块布局，为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统和生态格局的构建奠定基础。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">另外，要详细调查需要进行生态修复的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因子及其具体分布，如土地沙化地区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盐渍化区域及水土流失区域等需要生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">修复的地区，明确未来需要重点关注的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态修复空间布局(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5239362" data-w="376" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdXvRGGPsL5l9bxMicfjnOsebJC8s3VicFrWnzqic2k071kj4NoU8qAdKbXA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）基于生态安全格局，确定生态空间布局</p></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间是由山、水、林、湖、草<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等诸多自然要素组成，彼此相互关联，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共同作用所形成的一个有机体，是与城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇建设空间、耕地、园地相对立而又赖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以生存的宏观稳定空间，是一个具有生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">命力的复合系统。根据景观生态学理论，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间是由不同类型、不同层次及不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同敏感度的生态空间组成的网络体系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一般由生态源区、生态廊道和生态基质</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">组成。生态网络作为降低自然系统破碎</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化影响、保护生物多样性和保障生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统健康的重要途径，自20世纪80年代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以来在欧洲与北美的开敞空间规划及国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土规划中得到了广泛认可。生态网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以景观生态学等理论为基础，强调景观</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">连通性与各个栖息地斑块之间的结构和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能连接(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1099196" data-w="373" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdX8cOjia2eAUrTxag9EZdA6K2dRUWvHLfkj7Z5WWZhFBdRHUScNmw9aKg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国部分城市总体规划试点城市在<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间的划定上缺乏事先的生态安全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构分析做指导，甚至只是简单地对生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态空间范围进行划定，无法准确引导生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态保护和用途详细管制。我国市县生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的划定，要在详实本底调查评估、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态安全格局分析的基础上制定；要借</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鉴生态景观学理论，首先识别生态源区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(核心斑块)，根据生态本底调查和空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">聚落分析，结合生态因子的生态敏感度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">判断，将具有一定规模、生态敏感度高、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在生态系统中具有重要锚固性的生态资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源集聚区划定为生态斑块，一般为林地、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">草地、湿地等自然保护区和森林公园等。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态重要功能区和敏感区的判定，要因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地制宜，如西部水资源匮乏、地形地貌</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">丰富、生态气候和环境较恶劣的地区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应重点考虑将水资源、水源涵养区及物</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种栖息地等作为重要生态源区进行保护。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其次，要根据城市地形地貌和城市山水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">格局，基于生物和林地系统连接度，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及生物物种多样性、动物迁徙通道的要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求，结合生态安全格局分析的生态最小</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阻力路径，确定生态连接区域及生态廊</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道，与生态斑块一起形成生态空间骨架。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态廊道的设置要与规划城镇之间的结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构性绿地系统相结合，同时要关注跨市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和省域范围尺度的生态廊道贯通与联系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的要求，增强国家和省域层面生态网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的连通性。在生态安全格局分析的基础</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上，要加强与永久基本农田红线和城镇</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">布局结构的衔接，以合理的生态格局为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">骨架，形成市县生态空间布局。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同自然基底的城市，其自然生态<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">脉络是多样化的，生态空间格局也各有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特点，如北京市北部山区、南部平原“山</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">原二分”的大格局。而南京市兼有平原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和丘陵的地形地貌特征，南北两端以丘</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">陵为主，长江、滁河及秦淮河等水廊道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">格局清晰，紫金山、方山、牛首山及老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">山等山林绿色生态斑块嵌入城市，具有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明显的江—城—山—湖相交融的自然生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间肌理，以及江河汇聚、群丘相间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交织型空间脉络特征。基于此，南京市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市总体规划草案提出了“一带(长江绿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">色生态带)、两片(市域南北两片以丘陵</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地形为主的生态保护区)、两环(绕城公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路环及绕越高速公路绿环)、六楔(联系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外部山水生态空间与城镇内部结构性绿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地)”的生态空间格局。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）政策性和系统性并重，划定生态保护红线</p></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年2月发布的《关于划定并严<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">守生态保护红线的若干意见》明确了生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态保护红线包含国家公园、自然保护区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">森林公园的生态保育区和核心景观区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湿地公园的湿地保育区和恢复重建区等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">10类国家级及省级禁止开发区域，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其他根据生态功能的重要性，有必要实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施严格保护的各类保护地。生态保护红</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线划定的重要原则是统筹考虑自然生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体性和系统性，按生态功能重要性、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态环境敏感性与脆弱性划定。而目前</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较为普遍的做法是简单地从生态资源事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权和管制角度出发，对各类政策性生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间进行汇总和集合，这种做法缺乏对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统的统筹思考，使生态保护红线</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的分布比较碎片化，不足以确保城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统的安全。因此，要结合国土空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间规划的编制，优化生态保护红线划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">思路，在生态系统结构分析的基础上，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合既有的10大类保护空间，综合确定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市县生态空间布局，真正发挥生态保护</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">红线的底线保护作用，不遗漏重要的生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态敏感空间和脆弱空间，保证城市生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本质量。由于目前各省都基本制定了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护红线的初步方案，建议根据生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态资源调查评估和生态系统结构体系分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">析，将起到生态斑块、廊道结构性作用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的重要生态源区和待修复保护的生态廊</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道地区纳入生态保护红线。以南京市为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例，其在生态保护红线划定的过程中主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要基于各类生态保护政策空间的叠加，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">没有将一些重要的生态斑块和生态廊道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划入生态保护红线区，易形成生态孤岛，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造成生境破碎化，无法体现“山水林田</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湖生命共同体”的共生关系(图3～图5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.701847" data-w="379" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdXEuKFryLyk0yhdwId10utF3dx3MoibG6W8JNlRABTPJt27vN5hDw2tbA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.6167513" data-w="394" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdXXj2tkAGQedTPQL4nLjW0oVpho2iazx9jJrQ8ibHZ5ctPCzFPL5jk92Yw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.7715736" data-w="394" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdXOAsu3kA1uQ1jlX6LZeHyU2uJpdic3kIH3NFxnb7WiamMprEtUdFK3dKA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在各地生态保护红线划定实践中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">往往存在生态空间与永久基本农田交叉</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重叠的问题。对于生态保护红线和永久</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本农田划定之间的矛盾，应区分不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间具体情况，对处于生态保护红</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线内森林公园的生态保育区、湿地保育</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区内的永久基本农田建议调出，公益林</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内可以允许保留一定量零散的永久基本</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农田。对处于重要生态结构中的永久基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本农田，如沿河生态廊道，基于生态空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间结构完整的需要，可以不划入生态空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间，但要强调其生态功能，鼓励用于水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">田、常绿农业空间。对于国家级自然保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">护区核心区内的永久基本农田，应逐步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有序退出，并在省域内按照“数量不减</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">少、质量不降低”的原则同步增补。此外，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应实事求是地对现有生态保护红线进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估并适度优化，将生态保护红线内集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中连片的永久基本农田调出生态保护红</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线，允许零散的永久基本农田保留在生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态保护红线内，允许根据国家退耕还林</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划的要求优先退出。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）建立详细生态空间用途管制分区，推动生态空间管制措施落地</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在界定生态空间布局形态后，要对<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其进行行之有效的管控，即必须进行详</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">细的用途管制分区控制。生态斑块重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性的分级应基于生态安全格局分析，根</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据各类生态本底不同的功能属性和未来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划导向，将生态空间进行用地细分，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纳入统一的市县域空间用途管制分区总</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图，以便于实施生态保护和用途管制分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区。由于缺乏统一的引导，城市总体规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划试点城市在前期更多的是根据空间管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制需要，将生态空间细分为生态保护红</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线区、一般生态控制区等(图6)。这样</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的分类不属于生态属性和功能分类，也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与城镇空间以用地属性为导向的分类不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">匹配，甚至部分试点城市的城市总体规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划只明确了生态空间结构，尚未详细明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">确生态空间用地布局。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.8041775" data-w="383" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdX6AoAh2qLvFyMNlicnIAic6lvWQSPa2cxwicwEDxdBax9sjLoicbyJhFzUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为实现对生态空间的全域空间管制，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建议根据生态本底属性及生态空间在生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态功能结构中的重要性，以国家和省域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间格局为指导，结合生态空间主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要用途管制导向，在市县层面划定具体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态用地分区，根据第三次全国国土调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">查分类及生态功能，可分为林地、草地、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湿地、水域及其他土地(含盐碱地、裸岩</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">石砾地、裸土地、沙地等)；在乡镇层面，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以对生态用地分区进行再细化，如林</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地可细分为乔木林地、竹林地等二级地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类。根据规划传导的需要和不同空间尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度，区域面积较大的市可以采用主导生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态功能区分类，如分为林地保护区、草</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地保护区、水域(含湿地) 保护区和自然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保留区等，用地边界可以采用结构化表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">达。但是，在县和乡镇层面的国土空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划中，应根据更大比例尺，结合土地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权属和生态结构规划引导，确定各类用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地边界和范围，以便于指导下层次规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和实施精确管控(表1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5404365" data-w="779" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdXBMicgganJ9tKU0wS5Qzas3LbNATviaPjFibxZF4lLJvh3ozmdWeiaibxAow/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/HB8uUftVZoM82Nic0SibvCxuRmTqn04Vq2FEU4AvIxS1CrGiad7TGiaLwzLaqooT1icTuW3kibNEDelica6yg15z7I4PA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">市县国土空间规划生态空间管控</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">策略</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前对于生态空间的研究，总体上<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以生态空间或生态保护红线范围划定方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法的各地实践研究为主，而对于生态空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间划定以后的管控策略研究则偏弱。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）生态空间管控要求与国内主要实践</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护红线管控要求侧重原则</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性规定</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前我国尚无正式的、操作性较强<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的有关生态空间的管控规定，2017年3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月国家有关部门出台的《自然生态空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用途管制办法( 试行)》也只是原则确定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护红线区按照禁止建设区、其他</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间按照限制建设区的要求控制。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护红线管控要求主要依据《生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护红线划定技术指南》中的“性质不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">转换、功能不降低、面积不减少、责任</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不改变”，或依据生态保护红线的不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">组成对象，执行风景名胜区、自然保护</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区、森林公园、湿地保护及水源保护等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同领域的法律法规，总体上管控要求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比较原则。生态保护红线区仅仅是生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的一部分，不能代表全部生态空间。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当前，相关政策比较关注生态保护红线</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的管控问题，而对其他生态空间缺乏</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有针对性的保护政策。生态保护红线的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控在各地的执行过程中存在要求不清</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">晰、管控弹性不足等问题，尤其是当同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一对象属于两种或以上类型，在面临执</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行何种法规的问题时，甚至出现了必要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的线性基础设施不能建设的新问题，存</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在生态空间管控“一刀切”的做法。同时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部分地方还出现了国家生态保护红线和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省级生态保护红线两种类型，其管控要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求更是不明晰。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.生态空间用途分区管控的实践</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国对生态空间的管控研究可以追<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">溯到深圳市在2005年编制的基本生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控制线规划。随后，武汉、广州等城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相继开展相关工作，也先后制定了《基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本生态控制线管理条例》或其他类似的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地方法规，成为生态空间划定和管控的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重要地方实践，但存在生态控制线划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边界范围不精准、规模过大等问题，同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时也面临着生态控制线管控失效的局面。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经国务院批复的北京市和上海市的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新一轮城市总体规划，根据城市生态要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素特点，进一步细分了生态空间类型，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制定了差异化管控要求。其中，上海市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从管理和控制的角度，将生态空间划分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为四类，一类、二类生态空间确定为禁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">止建设区，其他三类、四类生态空间禁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">止对主导生态功能产生影响的开发建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动，属于限制建设区。除北京市、上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">海市外，纵观国内其他主要城市的做法，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均存在生态空间具体管控要求不明晰的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）依据生态功能价值重要性和生态敏感性实行分级用途管制</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在市县国土空间规划中，正确处理<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护与发展的关系，尽快明确生态空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控要求已成为工作重点，这样既能“严</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">守”生态保护空间，又能满足市民对生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态空间休闲游憩的需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于生态空间组成对象的复杂性，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为保障生态空间的系统性和完整性，实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现更高效科学的管控，支撑生态文明建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设，建议在《生态保护红线划定技术指南》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基础上，出台相关规程，以明确生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间概念内涵及划定技术标准。市县国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间规划应结合各地不同的生态要素，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对生态区位、生态敏感性及生态干扰性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等生态适宜性进行综合评价，按照管控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">严格程度等要求，将生态空间进一步细</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分为生态保护红线区、生态控制区两种</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主导功能区(图7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7651515" data-w="396" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdX9D1DYhDIKjJujJ82Wic7FL68YjM3bTQHBTHl5scLeGGO7ucGgs8YgibQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.生态保护红线区</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护红线区是生态空间管控最<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">严格的主导功能区，是生态保护底线区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其管控应参照永久基本农田的要求，禁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">止除生态保护相关的建设活动之外的其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他建设行为。建议取消目前各地划定的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省级生态保护红线区，对生态保护红线</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区采取自上而下的管理方式，统一为国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家生态保护红线区。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.生态控制区</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态控制区是生态空间管控严格程<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度仅次于生态保护红线区的主导功能区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其类型主要包含未列入生态保护红线区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的其他山体、湖泊、河流水系以及具有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重要生态服务功能的生态涵养区、生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">隔离廊道等。例如，森林公园除生态保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">育区和核心景观区之外的范围、风景名</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">胜区核心区之外的范围、湿地保育区和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">恢复重建区以外的空间，以及饮用水水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源地的二级保护区。目前，江苏省划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的省级生态保护红线，建议按照生态控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制区进行管理，管控原则是禁止有损主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导生态功能的开发建设活动。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参照武汉市对生态空间多年的管控<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实践经验，从满足人民群众对自然山</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态空间休闲游憩的需求和对大自然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间的向往出发，建议在生态控制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区内要明确具有兼容性的零星建设用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的准入规则和规模指标等，以此提供更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多的生态产品。同时，结合国家乡村振</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴战略，以点状建设用地为核心，以休</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">闲旅游配套服务设施及基础设施建设为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主，在满足准入条件的前提下，可与自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然生态空间结合，有限制地进行休闲旅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">游等功能生态型建设。考虑到设区市层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面国土空间规划的用地面积一般较大，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">零星建设用地布局难以落实到具体空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建议在市空间规划层面提出功能引导和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模指标控制要求，在县(市、区) 或乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇层面进一步深化落实，明确具体兼容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地范围边界、详细功能和具体控制指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标。此外，也可以借鉴上海、杭州等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的做法，在开展生态适宜性评价的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基础上，通过郊野单元规划或生态单元</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划，重点明确项目建设总量、项目建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设类型和相关控制要求，建立项目准入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">负面清单，严格准入程序。重要廊道两</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">侧的缓冲带、大型郊野公园和骨干河流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">廊道应作为大生态空间体系构建的重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">组成部分，可以适度兼容人类游憩活动，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但需要对用地性质和建设强度进行限制，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并应控制零星建设用地的绿地率，确保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态控制区的主导功能。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）进一步识别生态保护红线区中的“无人区”和“有条件进入区”</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关于生态保护红线的管控要求近期<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出现了“一刀切”的趋势，认为生态保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">护红线区除必要的科研检测或者管理人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">群外，其他任何人禁入。但根据国际经验、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有关各生态保护红线区管控的法规政策</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和《生态保护红线划定技术指南》，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">未来用途管控和功能控制实践中，生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护红线区可以进一步细分为“无人区”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和“有条件进入区”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自然保护区的核心区和缓冲区、森<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">林公园的生态保育区和核心景观区、风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">景名胜区的一级保护区( 核心景区)、湿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地公园的湿地保育区和恢复重建区等生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态敏感性或生态功能价值极其重要的地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区，总体上可以定义为“无人区”，是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以封山育林、水源保护和生态修复为主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的区域，除了必要的管护设施外，基本</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不进行开发建设，不对游客开放。除上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">述区域外的其他生态保护红线区，则可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以归入“有条件进入区”，应允许各类</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间根据自身功能定位和管理法规，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设相应的基础设施，明确禁止集中的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化和工业化活动，以及住宅、商业</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等城镇开发建设活动。例如，国家公园</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以根据不影响和不干扰生态功能的原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则，允许设置健身绿道、小型健身配套</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施和必要的市政配套设施，同时根据</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域人口承载容量的测算，采取限制人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流等措施(表2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6413181" data-w="789" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgVfGW8ib7pbHvX65iaQEFZdXTxRvvLfXPqTszhVDJMicOZaWZ0CuvHyAxfAQezcBXUe7gdtTEZyowXA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据中共中央办公厅、国务院办公<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">厅印发的《关于建立以国家公园为主体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的自然保护地体系的指导意见》，到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2020年我国将构建由国家公园、自然保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">护区和自然公园三大类型组成的统一的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自然保护地分类分级管理体制，建立自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然保护地统一设置、分级管理、分区管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控新体制，以解决目前对同一生态空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用途管控要求不清晰、交叉重叠的问题。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据国家要求，未来各地将进一步梳理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">已有的自然保护区、森林公园和湿地公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园等保护空间，形成新的自然保护地体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系。在此基础上，根据自然保护地分区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控要求，国家公园、自然保护区内只</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划分为核心保护区和一般控制区，核心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护区内原则上禁止人为活动，一般控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制区内限制人为活动，自然公园原则上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">按一般控制区管理。相应的，生态保护</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">红线的划定思路也要进一步优化调整，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有关管控要求也需要进一步明晰，以体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现不同生态空间的差异化管制要求。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/HB8uUftVZoM82Nic0SibvCxuRmTqn04Vq2FEU4AvIxS1CrGiad7TGiaLwzLaqooT1icTuW3kibNEDelica6yg15z7I4PA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 5px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p></section><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1;padding: 5px 5px 1px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 2px 1px 1px;border-style: dashed none none;border-color: rgb(44, 90, 160);padding: 0px;background-color: rgb(229, 240, 247);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 15px 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间的划定无疑成为生态文明<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时代国土空间规划编制的核心任务，生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态空间管控也成为全域国土空间用途管</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制的重要内容。对于长期以来偏重建设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间，轻视外围“非建设”空间的传统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划，在国土空间规划编制和今后的管</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理中急需补足短板，高度重视自然资源</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系统保护的新要求。本文重点探讨了生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态空间系统化划定的操作路径和生态空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间差异化管控策略，以南京市已经开展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的工作为例，基于生态资源本底和生态</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">安全格局架构方法，确定生态空间结构，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明确了生态空间与生态保护红线划定的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区别。但受限于知识结构，文章对于生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态空间的划定，尤其是对具体的生态源、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态廊道选择的技术方法探讨较少，尚</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要在今后进一步深化研究。同时，对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于生态空间的管控，考虑到未来将在国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家或省层面制定统一的顶层制度设计，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文章更多的是指出现有制度设计的不足</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及未来应该考虑改进的方向。由于各</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地生态空间的多样性和复杂性等，一时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难以建立具有普适性的统一的具体管控</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略，故也需要对此进行深化研究。</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: right;line-height: 1;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;border-top: 0.6em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.6em solid transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/HB8uUftVZoM82Nic0SibvCxuRmTqn04Vq2FEU4AvIxS1CrGiad7TGiaLwzLaqooT1icTuW3kibNEDelica6yg15z7I4PA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年02期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年02期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《生态空间的系统化构建和差异化管控研究》</p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" 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-1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px 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style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="850" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjBo4rbc6cXlrtw3Or6zdq1iaNzIhrMVpWI9GDDMoMuv0k3EpYtoQfj4WedRKDLgtR0Ow5MYwNh9qw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                               </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjBo4rbc6cXlrtw3Or6zdq1zPnusu6XicpotLVkE68WBU48I29cwImicu5DKetmmuOoUmWAVoDqAiadg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section>
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