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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 70px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(45, 69, 152);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 10px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;margin: -40px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3em;height: 3em;margin: auto;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(45, 69, 152);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miacroWXHXQvziclXlvkuCVuav4nV8hr2B6uUQDicFr8iaHx8Y9tREZ49JpLibGmCibaZbGib4YYQXC8BSEA/640?wx_fmt=png");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miacroWXHXQvziclXlvkuCVuav4nV8hr2B6uUQDicFr8iaHx8Y9tREZ49JpLibGmCibaZbGib4YYQXC8BSEA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 33.33%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注我们</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 6px;text-align: center;font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: 0px 0px -5px -4px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(33, 71, 215);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">本期主题：区域协调发展与都市圈发展规划 </strong></p></section><section style="margin: -5px -4px 0px auto;width: 9px;height: 9px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;transform: rotate(-25deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);width: 5em;margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: block;float: left;padding: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);line-height: 1;margin-right: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: line-through;box-sizing: border-box;">【编者按】</span></p></section></section><section style="display: block;padding-top: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年2月，国家发展和改革委员会就培育发展现代化都市圈专门发布指导意见，都市圈正式成为国家治理体系中重要的调控单元，成为区域协调发展的突破口。尽管我国都市圈发展已取得一定经验，但仍面临着协调发展的领域有限、系统性的顶层设计不足、协调机制和执行保障机制缺乏等问题。因此，本期“规划师论坛”栏目以“区域协调发展与都市圈发展规划”为主题，在深入剖析相关概念及内涵的基础上，探讨新时期都市圈治理的逻辑和方向，并详细介绍美国西雅图大都市区，以及我国深圳、济南、福州和武汉等都市圈协调发展规划的方法与策略，以供读者参考。</p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 3px 0px 0px;border-top: 4px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛3】</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区空间协同发展思路及其启示</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);padding: 0px 2px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授、硕士生导师，湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心副教授、美国华盛顿大学访问学者王智勇，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院博士研究生李纯，浙江大学城市规划与设计研究所副教授、美国华盛顿大学访问学者王纪武，华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院教授、湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心教授刘合林<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2020年第3期撰文，</span>大都市区是当今世界承载发展要素的主要空间形式之一。美国拥有大都市区研究与实践的良好基础，中国在都市圈内部协同方面还较为欠缺。西雅图大都市区在空间的协同发展及产业的创新发展方面处于领先水平，其经验值得借鉴。文章结合西雅图大都市区协同发展的相关规划与实践，探讨能有效促进全方位协同的思路与策略，以及对中国大都市区建设的启示。研究表明，西雅图大都市区在面对人口集聚与增长的挑战时，采用了空间组织、产业分工和创新驱动的应对策略。在研究基础上，文章建议将西雅图大都市区的经验应用于中国大都市区建设，尤其是与西雅图具有相似性的沿海都市区，其协同发展可以参考与借鉴西雅图的经验。</p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(32, 84, 156), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="color: rgb(77, 71, 14);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]大都市区；空间协同；创新发展；启示；西雅图 </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2020)03-0017-07</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU981　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]王智勇，李纯，王纪武，等．西雅图大都市区空间协同发展思路及其启示[J]．规划师，2020(3)：17-23．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关概念辨析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）“都市区”概念解析</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市区是指由一定规模以上的中心城市及与其保持密切社会经济联系、非农经济活动主导的外围地区共同组成的高度一体化城市功能地域。都市区一般由一个核心城市主城区和周边城市型功能组团构成，反映中心城市功能及实体空间扩散所及范围。都市区是不同尺度“城市区域”的基本空间单元。基于我国城市管治背景下的“都市区”，范围界定为大城市行政管辖范围内高度城市化的地域空间实体，依市域发育程度，又可分为以上海为代表的核心都市区(类似在市域内划定的“规划区”) 和以武汉为代表的全域都市区。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“都市圈”与“大都市区”的概念与关系</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市圈是以一个或多个中心城市为核心，以发达的联系通道为依托，由核心城市及外围具有紧密经济、社会联系的、具有一体化倾向的城镇及地区构成的城市功能地域。在各层次城市区域中，与都市圈最为接近的地域层次为大都市区。大都市区是指以大城市为中心，由多个与中心城市有较强通勤联系城市(镇) 组成的区域(也有学者认为大都市区人口通勤半径一般不超过70km)，在西方城市，通勤范围是大都市区最重要的测度标准，而我国城市区域尺度较大，一般都市圈空间范围大于或等于大都市区空间范围。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市区域空间类型特征与成长过程</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同的城市空间类型在空间尺度、行政范围、中心城市、空间关系和协调层次方面呈现出不同的特征( 表1)，然而中心市—都市区—大都市区(都市圈)—城市群是城市化发展时空演进的主要过程。中西方区域行政区划制度有差异，西方国家从中心市(Central City)到都市区，都市区一般超过中心市扩展到相邻县(County)；我国地级以上城市均实行“市管县( 区)”制度，都市区一般界定在中心城市行政管辖的地域范围，与中心城市政府事权相一致。但无论中外，大都市区( 都市圈)、城市群均是跨市域的地域空间。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3479349" data-w="799" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInSicvle6JeHmWEbwtD3ibkJDGNehdNljuVaEKFtAy9cNV2UiaUmQrE7mwZg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区现状发展格局</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区位于美国西北部太平洋沿岸，是美国西北部商业、文化和高科技中心，以及主要旅游及贸易港口城市。2016 年，西雅图大都市区创造了3008 亿美元的地区生产总值并汇聚了400万人口。西雅图大都市区由金县(King County)、斯诺霍米什县(Snohomish County)、皮尔斯县(Pierce County) 和基<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">沙普县(Kitsap County) 组成，总面积为16300km2。西雅图大都市区内有5个大都会城市(Metropolitan Cities)、14个核心城市(Core Cities)、18个大城市(Large Cities)、46个小城市(Small Cities)及其他城市增长边界(Urban Growth Areas)范围(图1)。5个大都会城市作为区域的文化和经济中心，也是人口和就业的主要承接地区，未来将容纳32％的地区人口和42％的就业增长。14 个核心城市包含重要交通枢纽，是地区的远程联运节点，也是市民文化活动中心。18 个大城市拥有分区中转站、渡轮码头、公园设施和其他交通连接。46个小城市包括传统郊区、小型居住小镇和农村集镇。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6890323" data-w="775" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInSq76RMu0YWw9xJq2tHK0JUua7ibbD2Sbw70uqcBWMHabicEiazVHCyL9IQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区在1970～2000年的30 年间人口大幅增长，增加130多万人，高于美国国家人口增长率0.7％，尤其在20 世纪80 年代人口平均年增长率为2.1％，就业岗位也在同期增加了一倍多。区域经济的持续增长使得就业岗位增加，也直接导致了人口的增长。人口的快速增长给西雅图大都市区带来了一系列问题和负面影响，包括住房的郊区化和都市蔓延、土地的蚕食与浪费、交通堵塞的日益严重、空气及水质量的恶化、城市各项基础设施负担的增加、社区生活质量的下降等。如果不加以控制和引导，区域的环境资源将受到不可逆转的破坏，西雅图也将沦为其自身优势的牺牲品。因此，西雅图大都市区在空间的协同组织、产业的分工协作和发展的转型创新方面做出了应对，并颁布了西雅图大都市区2040远景规划(Vision 2040)。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区空间协同发展</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">思路</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）空间的协同组织</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.城市格局：网络化、均衡化、差异化的区域城市</p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">按照西雅图大都市区2040远景规划，核心区域城市空间分布呈网络状均衡布局，整体空间呈南北带状延伸的格局。按照大都会城市—核心城市—大城市—小城市—农村地区的人口构成来分析，2017 年西雅图、贝尔维尤、布雷默顿、埃弗里特和塔科马的人口规模分别为71.37万、14.07万、4.063万、10.98万、20.81 万。除了西雅图“一城独大”，其他4个大都会城市呈现规模结构均衡的特征。从西雅图大都市区各个城市的功能看，由于资源禀赋的差异，其四大片区也出现差异化的职能分工特征(表2)。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5749674" data-w="767" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInSdJS2f67Wo8OkJicjZbBuZmK70lQQDbqDbev3TjE45szvdpRonQ6x05g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.空间结构：“核心+走廊”网络化的区域城市</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区在大、中、小城市协调发展的整体格局下，形成“核心+走廊”的带形大城市都市区网络化的区域城市空间结构( 图2)。“核心”是指西雅图的市中心片区，也是面向海湾的中心商务区。“走廊”则是依托南北向区域性交通干道I5作为发展主走廊，串联南北的埃弗里特、西雅图和塔科马，以及依托东西向水陆联运交通形成发展副走廊，连接东西的贝尔维尤、西雅图和布雷默顿。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5333333" data-w="375" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInS5DniaCud8sOsChsbVyoiaZ3gbVjcW1nb6lw2rJgwK5iaP6FiaE1ib2nbVnw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.中心体系：多中心、扁平化、网络型结构模式</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同层级的中心不仅提供易得的工作机会，其还是区域服务、购物和娱乐中心，同时也提供社区中心作为聚会场所和商业网点。按照规划，未来西雅图大都市区的中心体系由27个区域增长中心、8个制造/ 工业中心及分区域中心组成。其中，27个区域增长中心承担公共和文化设施，在地区发展中发挥着重要的作用。8 个制造业/ 工业中心也是商业和工业活动更密集的地点。区域增长中心和制造业/工业中心是促进经济发展、开发及运输基建投资的焦点。包括郊区城市和其他社区中心在内的分区域中心则作为集中住宅、工作、商店及社区设施的紧凑型综合用途枢纽。从西雅图大都市区的中心体系布局看，区域中心呈现出多中心、扁平化、网络型的空间布局模式(图3)。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5538058" data-w="381" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInSjdzhfCeY8mwBBFicsrSfIUGmYraOPmrpOrUZNYhFxo2NmAmQynvLtMQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.生态网络：五大交织的蓝绿网络系统</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区开放空间系统包括5种：水生系统(Aquatic Systems)、农田和森林(Farmlands and Working Forests)、自然土地(Natural Lands)、区域步道(Regional Trails)、城市开放空间(Urban Open Space)<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">。这五大系统在内部相互联系的同时，与城市外部的绿道/ 州立公园等连接，将绿色开放空间串联成为一个整体(图4)。为保护区域开放空间，西雅图大都市区采用了华盛顿州较为成熟的5 种管理工具：①开发权转让(TDR)；②流域总体计划；③生态系统服务市场；④多重效益的绿色基础设施；⑤公共与私营的伙伴关系。同时，为加速保护行动、努力消除障碍，并加强和推广这些工具，政府配套通过了相应的政策和法规：将发展重点放在理想和适当的地点，并尽量减少蔓延；采取减少影响的做法，甚至在允许发展的情况下恢复旧有的功能；促进传统经济活动的发展。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.530343" data-w="379" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInSiaibQDx7TpUUBicQ8ZQrc9LczvwDLfjjEXQfyXVicgN5XOAdN4OUt9naXQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5.成长管理：跨区域合作实施区域增长战略</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一是建立跨区域的规划协调机构。普吉特海湾地区委员会(Puget Sound Regional Council，简称“PSRC”) 于1991年通过地区间协议形成，也是大都市区的管理协调机构，负责统筹西雅图大都市区的规划组织、开发政策、交通规划、经济发展和增长管理，同时协调大都市区内部的地区间发展纠纷。普吉特海湾地区委员会为当地规划和实践提供资源与信息服务，目前也已编制多项区域规划来协调区域发展。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二是通过立法保障规划实施。1990年，首次通过华盛顿州《增长管理法案》(Growth Management Act)，该法案规定在该州人口稠密和高增长的地区进行地方综合规划。在法律的保障下，近几十年来即使人口增长，大多数农村土地仍然未被开发，而更多的人选择城市作为生活和工作的场所。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）产业的分工协作</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.工业布局集散有序，产城融合</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从西雅图大都市区整体空间看，八大制造/ 工业中心分散布局于4 个县、5个大都会城市内。从制造/ 工业中心自身布局看，园区布局相对集中，工业用地供应的地理分布不甚均衡。西雅图大都市区内的工业区划分为13个地理区域或分区(图5)，整体层面的工业用地分布较为分散。从整体和园区自身布局两个层面看，可以说是集散有序的空间布局。从八大制造业/工业中心的空间布局看，工业园区基本布局在大城市内部，近邻区域中心，产业园区与城市空间高度融合。在8 个工业园区中，有6 个工业园区依托大城市布局，位于大都会城市内部；有1 个工业园区位于核心城市；有1个工业园区位于规划的未来增长区域。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3805774" data-w="381" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInS0xnA1ib3XcrxyGuX86MUy3HQ76ySHIMk0kEd827WdFP6SU007MeXKCA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.产业类型因地制宜，差异发展</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图各个片区的主导产业都很好地适应了该片区资源环境的特点，而这种差异化的发展也为西雅图避免单一产业的风险提供了支撑。结合中部西雅图、南部塔科马、北部埃弗里特、东部贝尔维尤和西部布雷默顿五大片区的资源优势及定位，片区内部的工业园区也因势利导发展出优势的主导产业(表3)。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7714286" data-w="770" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miajbDzsLicGSgkh3xcQ9eInSKGA3RrtZss6liaGH4pnw7ibupnELE1kC2LCaAxvoxkGKBNwfVW1gHREw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）发展的转型创新</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">第二次世界大战后西雅图城市转型成功，实现了两次突破：1916 年波音公司的诞生改变了西雅图的经济结构，使得西雅图由渔港城镇向军工大都市转型；第二次转型得益于以微软为代表的互联网公司的产生。20 世纪60 年代，美国掀起了新技术革命。这次新技术革命延续了第二次世界大战前后以原子利用、电子技术和空间技术为主要内容的技术革命，探讨了信息技术、生物技术和新材料技术的应用与发展。西雅图也在新一轮的技术革命中凭借自身良好的环境基础和强大的经济实力，吸引了微软、亚马逊和Adobe 等许多互联网公司入驻，这些公司将西雅图带入了科技发展的新阶段。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.创新功能与城市功能的空间融合</p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区转型与创新的发展，揭示了创新空间发展的一个全新趋势，即创新区域将超越传统的空间相对隔离、自我发展的“园区”阶段，向具有城市综合功能与开放性的“城区”阶段转变。创新城区强调混合功能特征，显示出创新功能与居住、生活、商务、娱乐功能的空间融合趋势。这种变化，在深层次上折射出创新的内涵从以科技为主的“硬”创新，向以创意为核心的“软—硬”结合的综合创新发展的趋向。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.创新机构在城市区域发展中的关键性作用</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区关注、支持“支柱核心”创新机构的作用发挥。创新区域往往以此类机构作为发展依托，进行综合配套，从而提升区域的整体发展水平。这种以核心创新机构为支撑点推动区域发展的模式，有助于在创新区域发展的过程中找到主要的创新源头，形成较为明确的创新发展格局。西雅图的两次成功转型都是由龙头企业与“支柱核心”创新机构(波音、微软) 带动的。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);margin-left: 10px;margin-top: -5px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.创新空间促进城市传统区域综合更新</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区创新空间的发展，都基于对城市中心区衰败区域的更新改造。创新创意要素的引入，能够为城市更新引入更多的文化、技术内涵，从而避免传统城市更新过程中“推倒重建”或“修旧如旧”的单一物理性更替，为区域的更新提供更多的“内容”。这种“城市特质”的更新，从某种程度上看才是城市更新的终极目标。西雅图大都市区工业遗产( 如西雅图煤气厂公园) 的更新利用、滨水空间的再塑造、旧城更新的保护与利用(如著名人文旅游景点——派克市场)都是以创新空间建设促进城市传统区域综合更新的典型案例。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对我国大都市区发展的启示</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）功能错位</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在我国大都市区发展中，应构建节点职能广域分散、各司其职并有机联系、错位协同发展的城市网络体系。具体如下：①倡导功能复合化、多元化的发展方式。②引导控制性金融服务单核的高度集中，如西雅图大都市区5个大都会区的中心集核布局模式。③倡导高端生产性服务业离心分散，模块化集聚。高端生产性服务业脱离地理区位条件限制，实现网络化整合与空间柔化重组，逐渐实现智慧城市的新型城市形态。④促进工业高端柔性化，价值链环节升级，即由传统制造业向先进制造业提升，注重工业结构的高端化，提高产品的科技含量、文化含量和绿色含量，降低资源依赖程度和环境影响，保持工业产业的竞争力。⑤促进文化服务业多元繁荣。由工业生产和生活居住职能向文化创意、科技创新等职能延伸，增加软化功能；通过转型升级和创新发展，强化文化创意产业及都市型工业对核心功能的提升，保持国际城市多元文化的引领作用和控制地位。⑥推动新型多功能社区出现。信息化时代，城市结构的网络化重构催生了集远程教育、远程医疗、远程娱乐和购物等于一体的多功能居住新社区，大都市区应顺应趋势和新的需求做出相应调整。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）空间均衡</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，区域城市协同需广域融合多核、多轴、网络化的区域城市，大都市区圈层密度分布需从核心集聚、大密大疏走向有机疏散、适度均衡。其次，整体空间结构应从圈层轴向拓展到模块分散与区域融合。大城市也应逐渐告别功能严格分区下的惯性逻辑，超越自立型新城的结构理性，走向高效协作、网络融合的结构弹性，构建多中心、组团式及网络型有机舒展的城市空间结构。再次，新城发展格局将从自立型新城走向网络融合型新城。最后，应注重空间结构的弹性和可控性。西雅图组团式、与生态有机融合的空间结构是建立在对产业布局的调控基础上的，当波音公司在西雅图独大时，并没有让其占据海岸、内湖等适宜发展服务业的地区，微软的布局也是与高校紧密联系的，而不是在市中心建设，这种产业经济与空间地理的高度匹配，针对不同地区的弹性和可控发展，是目前国内快速发展的城市所需借鉴的。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）产业复合</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图抓住机遇形成了以高新技术及服务经济为主的产业结构，实现了传统工业经济向知识经济的转变，服务业比重、知识型产业比重和高附加值产业比重不断上升。同时，西雅图大都市区的产业分区明确。中部西雅图片区结合滨海优势发展面向海湾的中心商务区(金融、商业、办公) 职能；南部塔科马片区依托塔科马国际机场和西雅图港的带动，发展生物技术、航海和制造业、可持续的建筑/ 替代能源、食品供应、航空制造、海港物流等产业，形成多元复合型的南部产业区；北部片区借助自然环境优势发展科技研发、旅游度假等功能，形成以旅游度假、高档居住和高等院校为主导职能的功能片区；东部片区结合微软总部，形成以生态及高尚社区、企业总部为主导职能的片区；西部布雷默顿片区充分利用西部沿海岸地区优势，带动航海经济的发展，以岸线利用、航海经济为主导职能。不同的分区定位在一定程度上避免了同质化的低效竞争，促进差异化、复合化发展。因此，我国应借鉴西雅图大都市区的发展经验，高效配置资源，主导产业要适应资源环境的特点，促进差异化、复合化发展，避免单一产业的风险。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（四）创新转型</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高技术和高技术产业是调整产业结构、优化资源配置的重要抓手，成为城市转型与创新发展的重要因素。我国应注重高技术产业的发展，强化城市创新功能。一方面，高技术和高技术产业在国家及地区经济中扮演越来越重要的角色，成为决定都市经济发展的重要因素，凭借高技术的东风调整产业结构、优化资源配置是我国城市今后的发展方向之一。另一方面，如何充分发挥政府、大学、企业、市民的作用，使之各尽其能并实现有效联合，形成推动城市高技术产业发展的合力，是我国城市需要向西雅图学习的地方。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（五）保障与支持</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，区域协调发展是区域间发展互动、优势互补及共同进步。处于世界城市网络中核心节点的全球城市，均拥有庞大的腹地，应通过城市群和都市圈(区域城市) 参与全球竞争，引导城市逐步形成“多心开敞”的空间格局。其次，应强调“底线控制原则”，划定生态底线区、空间增长边界；优化能源利用结构，增强生态环境保护意识；坚持低碳发展，优先保护自然环境，营造绿色安全的人居环境。再次，应构建住房保障、交通保障和社会保障等民生体系，大力发展社会事业，提高基本公共服务的保障能力和均等化水平。同时，应倡导和谐包容的社会文化与生活方式，在保障本土居民社会权益的同时，营造吸引外来人员的社会文化环境，实现多元融合发展。最后，应建立跨区域的规划协调及管理机构，编制跨区域的多项协同规划，通过立法保障规划的实施。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-bottom: -0.9em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-top: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-bottom: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(241, 54, 63);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 90% !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="height: 0.9em;border-top: 3px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 33px;padding-left: 3px;padding-top: 3px;float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-left: -3px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: -3px;margin-bottom: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 33px;padding-right: 3px;padding-top: 3px;float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: left;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: right;margin-right: -3px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: right;margin-right: -3px;margin-bottom: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="min-height: 60px;padding: 10px;margin: -25px 3px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当今世界，经济发展的空间结构正<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在发生深刻变化，以大都市区(都市圈)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为代表的城市区域空间类型正成为承载</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展要素的主要空间形式。本文通过对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区空间布局、产业协同和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">创新发展的思路与对策进行梳理及分析，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以发现立足片区优势的全方面协同得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以贯彻。我国正大力推进都市圈建设，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">西雅图大都市区的功能空间组织、空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构模式、产业资源配置、创新转型手</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">段和保障支持措施等经验，具有重要的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考意义和价值。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 33px;padding-left: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: -3px;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-left: -3px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: 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style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2020年03期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>西雅图大都市区空间协同发展思路及其启示<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 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8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  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style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px;margin-right: 3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 6px;padding-right: 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">往期精选</p></section><img data-ratio="2" data-w="50" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ASR75klp3pn0RdticqnZspLnicB1YMXrkicDEr0LH0ryiaiaeLdVElngv3UA2QnSrj7zBFb3KhSIu5J56kO0Ce7KibtQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;" width="0.8em" data-type="png"  /> </section><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;margin-right: -6px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: -2px;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651356536&idx=1&sn=d5feec640103f5940a0b621a8c507139&chksm=8b424830bc35c1267a916584cbbc186a2484656cf6caa27951a0dc60ef8572be9f381555292b&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" hasload="1" style="color: var(--weui-LINK);-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】中国城市绿色交通规划回顾与展望</a><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651356571&idx=1&sn=b72b2477d8c353fd8d6106de4650e927&chksm=8b4248d3bc35c1c52a3d9ab2a5ff3bc1806b89387e5337d3469aa2aeb46d9d6b1b460563f135&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" hasload="1" style="color: var(--weui-LINK);-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】从“单数城市”到“复数城市”——大型交通基础设施的绿色人本规划设计策略</a><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651356595&idx=1&sn=c3323f3459086c996b3e51f1146e707d&chksm=8b4248fbbc35c1ed7262d3f99d50eb5c1237f99904fa6a07b22ed0f1a58eb21d09a07581d4a9&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" hasload="1" style="color: var(--weui-LINK);-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】城市绿色交通的内涵、特征及发展策略——基于国外实践经验的思考</a></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SJzERWuT2iaDicyBjva6b5TofEUDUUqYFyyxkia84pU9ZQTdubOAwK9XsJse7ryltCPR8Ty3wicKrqju3XlChbfjTQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2962963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miacroWXHXQvziclXlvkuCVuaxsTR8l3OPPvvLZXQZgEcGXS6IphLeNfQRiassxAxSUDG2qbUt4ZCnBQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="850" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miacroWXHXQvziclXlvkuCVuasohHMWdIzxlMLZicAEVWKhdAvYrHGUEOsplyMibG1sDXnZT7JdQcQn4w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.75" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miacroWXHXQvziclXlvkuCVuazGgEWyVXv3KzP7xQmUtgnKAbXkEIobVZq3GqnIrlFCb7pn310WfibvQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miacroWXHXQvziclXlvkuCVuaa0ibreuiaST1nTMJM9zcADlXGicwLzropYPPDtTvA9iaMQGfJD4YlqDU9g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section>
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