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<section style="display: none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="1873" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/yqVAqoZvDibEaicDyIvX7dLE9icYnwb2tlOWcD2BP99V6iaCfkk81RZlQARicbNr7amQ7a0Lc3tFgpNJNEVaY188ZVQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="30" style="margin: 3px 10px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: rgb(147, 196, 125);float: left;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 2em !important;"  /><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 2em;height: 2.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(147, 196, 125);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;display: inline-block;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注“<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong>”，更多精彩等着你</span></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿 | 建筑设计院  呼书杰<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />审核 <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">|</span></strong></span> 建筑设计院  吴校军<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑 | 总工程师室  曾宇娟</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.5555555555555556" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohblCEZPgwhR4jXKzVOqXjT3BCcia20g0dIL8jIjibULB2t25VaDI7cUf1INzwQR7CYQIoA8qDKsMJ9g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="900" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">全文共<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5156</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">字，阅读大约需要<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">12</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分钟</span></p><hr style="border-style: solid;border-width: 1px 0px 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"  /><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(24, 54, 118);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(108, 139, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 72, 164);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编者按</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">粤规院2020年春季交流会组织开展了《建筑与工程设计》专题会议，部分青年技术骨干通过案例分析，结合实践经验，对建筑空间设计与实施探索作出交流分享。本着促进技术交流学习的初衷，南粤君现将这些文章进行采编，以“建筑与工程设计”的形式分期登载，以飨读者。</p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">BIM正向设计的价值</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正向设计的定义</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">BIM正向设计是指利用BIM技术，以设计需求为基本设计资料，按照设计流程依次进行建筑方案设计、初步设计和施工图设计。这个过程中只建立一次模型，即设计人员根据建筑方案确定初步设计模型，在模型中添加构件荷载即可用于结构计算，再添加钢筋信息绘制施工图，三维模型直接用于碰撞检查，最后把模型给算量、施工和运营维护。</span></strong>三维结构模型可随着设计深度的加深，不断添加丰富的建筑信息，达到一模多用，从而减少建筑工程参建人员的工作量，降低工程建造成本。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7194444" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98bEL3YRk29Xtvicz3hCjWT7zCapnKmO6weRdiarjHEOqESZAjKmf8znSg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图1：现阶段和BIM正向设计流程</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正向设计的发展阶段</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">BIM正向设计发展的三个阶段<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（1）先建模，后出图：</span></strong>将设计师的设计思路直接呈现在BIM三维空间，然后通过三维模型直接出图，保证了图纸和模型的一致性，减少了施工图的错漏碰缺，对于设计质量有很大的提高。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（2）全专业整体化设计：</span></strong>项目所涉及到的所有东西都落实到三维空间，实现各专业之间设计过程中的高度协调，降低专业协调次数，提高专业间设计会签效率，更加高效地把控项目设计的进度和质量。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）全三维无死角的设计：</strong></span>直接以模型消费模式进行模型的设计优化、工程算量、造价、出图等一系列管理模式，提高设计的完成度和精细度，减少二维的设计盲区，让模型服务后期施工成为可能。这也是BIM正向设计的最终目的。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.3</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正向设计的特点</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）BIM模型的创建，依据的是设计意图而非成品或半成品的图纸。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（2）BIM模型作为首选项，进行设计的性能指标计算、设计推演和合规。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（3）BIM模型作为主要的成果载体，进行交互和阶段交付。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（4）BIM模型中包含设计相关信息，其信息的价值量大于图形的价值量。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（5）BIM模型作为核心模型，可直接或间接用于多种BIM应用，并可以从应用中获得直接或间接的回馈，用以丰富和优化BIM模型。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（6）BIM模型具有可传递性，可在原模型的基础上优化，可用于后续阶段，而不是重新建模。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.4</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正向设计的应用</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.4.1 交通规划</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">深圳梅观高速公路市政化改扩建工程，位于深圳市中部，是龙华区“一中轴九片区”中部发展轴上的重要交通干线，具有南北通廊作用，是“深港脊梁”（皇岗路-梅观路-莞深高速）的重要组成部分，其提升改造对粤港澳大湾区基础设施的互联互通具有积极的推进作用。项目全长约8公里，原高速公路改造为双向8车道快速路主路，两侧新建双向6车道城市快速路辅路，标准断面宽度达90m。共设互通式立交7处、桥梁31座、景观天桥10座，综合管廊总长约16.5公里，总投资约77亿元。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">该工程构建了项目区域三维基础环境模型，采用CNCCBIM OpenRoads软件实现了道路工程的BIM设计，通过软件自动输出图纸、报表，集成各专业设计成果，借助LumenRT进行动态可视化展示和方案优化，初步实现数字化交付，成功完成本项目的正向设计工作，得到业内的广泛好评。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.4.2 专项规划</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在地下空间的规划与开发利用中，引入 BIM 技术,依托创新科研,克服了传统规划设计中难以量化分析、多专业协同难度大、方案验证困难多等不足,得到更加完善的最终规划方案。UBS体系所支持的BIM技术本质和精髓就是建设信息化的过程，它是对建设项目物理和功能特性的数字表达,也是为项目从概念到拆除全生命周期中的所有决策提供可靠依据的过程。在项目的不同阶段中，不同相关部门通过在 BIM 中输入、提取、更新和修改信息，以支持和反映其各自职责的协同作业,这其中都有赖于大数据的支持。通过UBS体系搭建的BIM平台，与科研和大数据结合，在全生命周期完成参数化设计将会是规划行业未来发展的主流。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5574074" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs984G6F5FUohIGAYnu69x7O4Iiae2OnqDxkmphJhoEuZHVjYsykHLC2sjA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图3：xx智慧城规划范围</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.4.3环境模拟</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">结合BIM 模型和项目所在地气候数据，使用中Revit的 Vasari插件，通过模型数据转换和提取,建立分析模型,通过云渲染技术完成出图。参照国际上通用的热舒适性评价方法，以及各地区内在和外在因素的影响，对风速和风压模拟分析，得出空气的流动形态并将分析结果以可视化方式进行动态模拟。根据分析结果合理调整地下建筑设计的造型、自然通风组织等,提高地下空间建筑的自然通风和空气质量。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7092199" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98STWZMtOARxicfUnw8mN3Lum4sUzP1wVGIlEIe8xx4DQxiby2jnmH2fXA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="423" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.5;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图4：风环境分析</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：第三届全国BIM学术会议论文集《BIM在规划设计中的拓展运用—以上海桃浦科技智慧城地下空间规划研究为例》2017年</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">日照对于地下建筑物室内的采光、取暖以及视觉都有比较大的影响，日照分析主要是为了满足建筑容积、建筑间距等对指标的需求，防止遮挡光或者光污染等问题。基于建立的 BIM 模型，结合项目所在地区气象数据参数与标准规范,在三维状态下模拟地下空间建筑在不同时间建筑物的阴影遮挡和建筑各立面的辐射情况。根据计算结果,对遮阳板等太阳能设备的形状、对建筑的阴影遮挡和采光进行优化。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7171216" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs980OdzQ0dE88gmPwLicWbRYWnZowcXqDxLHJ4rIibYwRBhuOZjGe3wTc5g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="403" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.5;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">图5：日照分析</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：第三届全国BIM学术会议论文集《BIM在规划设计中的拓展运用—以上海桃浦科技智慧城地下空间规划研究为例》2017年</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.4.4 三维设计</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">北京新机场东航总部基地项目的整个建设过程是以BIM为三维数字技术为基础，通过云端服务器集成建筑工程项目各种相关应用软件所生成的工程信息数据。使它能够连接建筑项目生命期不同阶段的数据、过程和资源，可实现建设项目各参与方协同工作，普遍使用。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">东航把BIM技术与工程各个环节紧密结合，无论是利用BIM模型参与设计评审会还是召开监理例会，都力求使BIM 能够参与到整个生产过程中。在效益上实现了管理流程优化、资源信息整合的目的，提升了工程全局把控能力和管理效率，成效显著。设计质量明显提高 - 为加强对设计质量的管控，东航召开施工图评审会，并要求参与设计的各专业设计师直接采用2D图纸结合3D模型汇报设计成果，直观展现设计效果和施工困难区域。在此形式下，模型与出图进度保持一致，极大地促进了设计师与建模人员深度融合，图纸和模型质量得到了极大提高。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 72, 164);font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;">02</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">实践分享</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">海尚明珠办公楼</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本工程为办公楼装修改造项目，包括9#、10#楼两栋建筑。其中，9#楼地上2层，基底面积为740.69m2，建筑面积为1486.15m2，建筑高度为7.39m；，10#楼地上2层，基底面积为890.60m2，建筑面积为1737.68m2，建筑高度为9.40m.。施工图包含装修部分、给排水部分、通风空调及强弱电部分。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5830189" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98kQs43q391iaY1mkIGawoiadOnTzNuPRqvq3DCtU4OfcbH7n1HbDHDzQQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1060" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图7：办公楼BIM建筑模型外部效果</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5623131" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98VcjRibFDeN8sWqayicMBdWYJkshqBoZLvdzxQmVEj7G0MYpZjrdCzwIA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1003" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">图8：办公楼BIM建筑模型内部效果</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">为满足建筑层高、功能和美观性，在BIM机电模型建立前，机电各专业开展管线综合前期分析，把控要点为：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（1）根据建筑空间高度与建筑功能的要求，以及吊顶布置的样式要求，对室内的净空间高度进行预估，进行管线布置高度的设定。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（2）根据结构体系进行预判是否有机电管线穿局部大梁的可能性，是否能够通过挪移或者高度调整避让开的可能性。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（3）根据空间内的管道布置以及重力管道的区域走向及其部分碰撞位置的翻转情况，预判管线综合的空间需求。实际效果如下图：</span></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4064815" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98cYTuNibBooaWKictteB63zAPwibmrkAo3BmFrAyo8EN3aT2cOWibPicKHUg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图9：机电各管线三维视图</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5995996" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98icbdlUuPV1AUj1KCyibM3dJG3dJMn08b5Rmf2sR1NuIXPOFsS3BfqZ6A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="999" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图10：机电各管线平面视图</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7306452" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98f57jXYOCr0V8Ee2SUhic4mR8rHcXE1Bib5ibfl0GpW9OGstYGiaFkaIbGA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="620" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图11：优化后的管线布置</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">维动态漫游是 BIM 技术一个重要的应用，通过三维动态漫游，可以更加直观的观察每一个设计细节。Revit 软件自带漫游功能，可以导出漫游动画，但是漫游效果不够精细，仅可以进行简单的观察。目前常用的三维漫游软件和平台有许多，例如应用 Naviosworks 软件，除了可以进行碰撞检测外，还具有三维漫游功能。本项目所应用的三维漫游软件是 Navisworks 软件，建筑、结构、机电模型导入 Navisworks 后如图所示：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8314815" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98dOCXeFD4Jdp8zA5WTdiaONWEZ0ZlPFHicFdRTbAtAaPcJibOnAuglDPIQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图12：机电设计漫游效果</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">省中医院二沙岛项目</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.1 中心文件模式</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">中心模型：模型将存储项目中所有图元的当前所有权信息，并充当发布到该文件的所有修改内容的分发点。所有用户将保存各自的中心模型本地副本，在本地进行工作，然后与中心模型进行同步。因此，中心模型不是进行设计的地方。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5042322" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs988DTwNVn4ricCGL94swPGJQfomWrpZvfQryAn134z5aGwzYmO7S7CNNw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="827" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图13：协同方式比较</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本地模型：中心文件的副本，驻留在使用该模型的团队成员的计算机系统上。使用工作分享在团队成员之间分发项目工作时，每个成员都在自己的工作集上使用本地模型，阶段性工作完成后，与中心文件同步，以达到当前自己的最新成果的目的。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5875252" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98jLSK6sl5sU4ONubmzJndMFcYcibZB2bWhaZa9qpZEw3rxoIa9sJvKzw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="994" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图14：中心文件协同模式:</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.2 中医院关键技术</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">项目设立：由项目经理在服务器上建立文件夹，建立建筑基本轴网及层高并锁定，建立中心模型，将层高和轴网的工作权限归属自己。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6619497" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98xCib7WB3KKahRzuCyFgjmQtia9VgeHzTj5AO2Sib2T9A5db6jN9YsXEsw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="636" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图15：工作集</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7630701" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98tibz4jb8Jy7mHrNP37hletib9j7gL5JPFibsicSMaeCneqgKE2mPdlI37g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="899" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图16：二沙岛医技综合楼土建模型</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6815227" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98osyBQR33ic9x1H3ibA47xuPe8iaPLVpr9KA0ufs8a1oy7zTzkbDDT62dQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1077" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图17：二沙岛医技综合楼机电模型</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;">03</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">实践思考</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">怎么做BIM正向设计</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.1 理清思维冲突</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">程序员思维有以下两个特点：确定性和全局性。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">举例说明：例如在编程语言（除了python）里定义一个变量，一般我们都要声明变量类型，告诉计算机内存，我这个变量是什么类型，是string，还是integer，还是float,你必须要想好，必须告诉它的类型，同时还要考虑变量是否是全局变量之类的问题。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.233279" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98rN8nAkldUExXTBBym6xWz4QM2jjSXIgtFM9Bxm2CrItlln5Kg15hhw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="613" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图18：revit窗户</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">建筑师的思维特点：“素描”思维和阶段性。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“素描”思维这个词是我造的，想要说的是，建筑师做设计总是逐步深入，慢慢刻画的过程，就像画素描一样，先有大轮廓，在抠细节，因为建筑师工作都是抓大放小，抓事物的主要矛盾，抓矛盾的主要方面。大的问题解决了，再去关心那些细节问题。不可能一上来就不三七二十一，芝麻西瓜一把抓。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.2 明确设计流程</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">第一阶段 标准定制、系统研发：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">制定BIM模型标准和BIM模型手册，各专业在BIM平台协同设计。</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">第二阶段 多维挂接 平台测试：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">业主、设计、施工、监理在BIM信息化集成平台上对模型进行应用，利用模型做成本管理，成本算量误差在千分之五以内。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">第三阶段 项目试点 实践升级：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">试点后发现，BIM设计有明显的优势。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">第四阶段 正向驱动 多维一体：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">彻底放弃BIM翻模，全面正向设计。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.3 明确设计平台</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（1）Autodesk AutoCAD: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">基于平面图的外部参照进行协同，即俗称的“叠图”，此后通过人工校审对不同专业的设计成果进行协同校对等工作。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（2）Autodesk Ｒevit:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 可采用基于工作集的协同，在文件服务器中设置中心文件，各设计人员存储本地文件，通过工作集共同对模型进行编辑修改等操作。对于多专业协同，同样采用模型链接的方式进行校对。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（3）Bently Microstation( ProjectWise) : </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">有较完善的协同功能，采用 Web 端浏览与批注。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（4）Trimble Tekla: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">该软件主要用于钢结构构件、节点的深化设计，对于构件深化加工功能较强，</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">但协同功能较弱。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(181, 7, 7);box-sizing: border-box;">（5）ArchiCAD: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">主要用于建筑专业的全流程设计，在建模、出图、协同中功能较强，但对于结构、设备等其他专业的应用较少。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2222222" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98Xqd4JMuRf0hS3C9rhjdULogicazAKNCaGFyG13xibMXO5MiaS7radDJ1g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图20：BIM平台协同方式对比</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);overflow: hidden;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(76, 68, 71);padding: 3px 5px 3px 20px;background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;border-width: 0px;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 3px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展设想</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.1 “BIM+”</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">如果把传统的建筑模型比作人的骨架的话，那么BIM技术就好比是流动的血液，前者只是一个支撑躯体的架子，后者才能赋予躯体生命。BIM与物联网的集成应用，实质上是建筑全过程信息的集成与融合。BIM技术发挥上层信息集成、交互、展示和管理的作用，而物联网技术则承担底层信息感知、采集、传递、监控的功能。二者集成应用可以实现建筑全过程“信息流闭环”，实现虚拟信息化管理与实体环境硬件之间的有机融合。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">未来建筑智能化系统，将会出现以物联网为核心，以功能分类、相互通信兼容为主要特点的建筑“智慧化”大控制系统。BIM与物联网的深度融合与应用，是未来建设行业信息化发展的重要方向之一。而基于BIM技术的BIM＋PM、BIM＋云计算、BIM+数字化**、BIM+3D扫描也不断深入实践。由此不难看出，科技发展为行业发展带来巨大机遇的同时也为更多顺势而为的人创造更多可能。随着技术往深往宽地走，甚至实现跨界工作都未尝不可，BIM人的未来更加开阔，面临的机遇也大大多于过去。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4312394" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98YfpSibymwV94PulbpozgvLSI5ticWcAKY6iaNCzjBB6WSkKnbuKMv9x7A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="589" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5241546" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98O3UKWPjeEO8uEBNR6xmFf2sicb6PUaY0fynDpUcobxfRQkH8Ej2Zvow/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="414" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图22：BIM+VR</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5023401" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98WUaYRovcwmlibVuPykFbHsu5aticxbbv076UJBz6LaAEzYlHiase06nqg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="641" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图23：BIM+GIS</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left: 10px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-right: 0px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.2 智慧城市</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(26, 72, 164);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">CIM的构成，也就可以抽象理解为这三方面内容：以GIS作为所有数据的承载，作为所有数据融合的功能性平台，同时，还会加入新的内涵；BIM数据，就是城市单体、城市细胞的数据。还有一部分IoT，它能够给CIM平台带来实时呈现，呈现客观世界所有的状态，也就是我们经常说到的“数字孪生”概念。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.556391" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs9888MMFn364VSicJSI5icluZcRYwxTZSsgicskyAAAzhhD2ZpWtCaJuwDDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="798" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图24：BIM与CIM</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">BIM是CIM的细胞，CIM是一个内涵跨度更大的概念，涉及包括规划、国土、交通、水利、安防、人防、环境保护、文物保护、能源燃气等各大行业和一切智慧城市相关的领域。由BIM到CIM，扩展成为智慧城市的底板，包含建筑物、构筑物、道路、地下管线、地址、水体和地表等7类基础数据资源，共同构成城市公共治理的物质底板。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4462963" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYOgeGibUDjuK5uymWldGs98oWBdQLdpFpbA3QcOezVia3o2RtiavsnmWnpafYceF7Dcm9A1MLJicofWw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图25：智慧城市的架构</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">04</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(26, 72, 164);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">BIM正向设计是推进建筑产业更好的融合发展的重要方法，不仅利于推动建筑产业现代化发展，还利于提高城乡建设管理的信息化水平，有利于落实国家创新驱动发展战略，实现新型城镇化、建筑工业化和信息化三化融合发展的战略需要。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">但结合国内外环境及趋势来看，正向设计的发展在国内已成为一种必然，但显然还有着很长的一段路要走。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></p></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>-END-</strong><br  /></p></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-top: 0.65em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 578px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(72, 72, 72);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -0.65em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-top: 1px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 1.3em;line-height: 1.3em;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left: 3px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right: 3px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">近期阅读推荐</strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">                                                          <br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft 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