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                        <p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZSiaPspH5dSsB7UP7ROmOD9hic6ECIaeupP7Q3kCFhp6W3LaKbtP2v6Gg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5557553956834532" data-w=""  /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="border: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="width: 90%; margin-left: 5%; height: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); background-color: rgb(248, 247, 245); box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="margin-top: 5%; float: left; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: -8px; font-size: 100%; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(16, 199, 215); box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><span style="display: inline-block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; font-size: 1em; background-color: rgb(16, 199, 215); font-family: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="box-sizing: border-box;">导读</section></span><section style="width: 0px; border-right-width: 4px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(16, 199, 215); border-top-width: 4px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(16, 199, 215); border-left-width: 4px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 4px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 5%; padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; font-size: 1.5em; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">海绵城市建设、黑臭水体治理、地下管廊完善、农村环境整治，是现在地方政府被中央要求尽快推进的四大任务。而PPP，则是由财政部和发改委争相推动的重大地方政府公共服务改革。</span></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="border: none; margin-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 1.8em; width: 1.8em; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(88, 179, 224); font-size: 112.5%; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(88, 179, 224); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1.56em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0.5em; border-top-left-radius: 1em; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; font-size: 100%; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(88, 179, 224); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><span style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 2em; margin-left: 5px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-family: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>海绵城市建设、黑臭水体治理和PPP这三者之间在政策上高度相关</strong></section></span></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZfjcrjQEvby0VrTllG7I9kK0y4ypia6sSMtthhhb1ViaQLxkzOPlsF0aw/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; box-sizing: border-box; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" class=""><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZfjcrjQEvby0VrTllG7I9kK0y4ypia6sSMtthhhb1ViaQLxkzOPlsF0aw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="64"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); border-bottom-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 85% !important;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     海绵城市           </strong></section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-top-left-radius: 100%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-left-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">201</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">2年4月，在《2012低碳城市与区域发展科技论坛》中，“海绵城市”概念首次提出；2013年12月12日，习近平</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">总书记在《中央城镇化工作会议》的讲话中强调：“提升城市排水系统时要优先考虑把有限的雨水留下来，优先考虑更多利用自然力量排水，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">建设自然存积、自然渗透、自然净化的海绵城市</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">”。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>2015年4月，财政部、住建部、水利部公布了首批16个城市的国家级<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">“海绵城市”建设试点</span>目录。分别为：迁安、白城、镇江、嘉兴、池州、厦门、萍乡、济南、鹤壁、武汉、常德、南宁、重庆、遂宁、贵安新区和西咸新区。</p><p><br  /></p><p>2015年10月，国务院办公厅出台<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">《关于推进海绵城市建设的指导意见》</span>指出，采用渗、滞、蓄、净、用、排等措施，到2020年将80%的降雨就地消纳和利用。2015年起，要以解决城市内涝、雨水收集利用、黑臭水体治理为突破口，推进区域整体治理，逐步实现小雨不积水、大雨不内涝、水体不黑臭、热岛有缓解。</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZW7zP3NVfOrUZdscyHur90M21apPlly5jeOZKzS3BZzLyF1zRO9KIVg/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" class=""><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZW7zP3NVfOrUZdscyHur90M21apPlly5jeOZKzS3BZzLyF1zRO9KIVg/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="64"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); border-bottom-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 85% !important;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     黑臭水体          </strong></section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(228, 140, 167);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZhnBjt1yYwHDmClJYfJunuZTPzmvANZzuxFwXDJV3PJCRs3JIibaV0SA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.568" data-w="500"  /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>据统计，全国地表水近十分之一水质劣五类，24.6%重点湖泊水库呈富营养状态。全国4778个地下水质监测点中，较差的比例为43.9%，极差的比例为15.9%。<span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（仇保兴：城市黑臭河道治理协同海绵城市建设，2015）</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>2015年4月发布的<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">《水污染防治行动计划》(“水十条”)</span>对黑臭水体提出明确要求，“到2020年，长江、黄河、珠江、松花江、淮河、海河、辽河等七大重点流域水质优良(达到或优于Ⅲ类)比例总体达到70%以上，地级及以上城市建成区黑臭水体均控制在10%以内。到2030年，全国七大重点流域水质优良比例总体达到75%以上，城市建成区黑臭水体总体得到消除，城市集中式饮用水水源水质达到或优于Ⅲ类比例总体为95%左右。”</p><p><br  /></p><p>2015年8月，住建部发布的<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">《城市黑臭水体整治工作指南》</span>明确，2017年底前，地级及以上城市建成区应实现河面无大面积漂浮物，河岸无垃圾，无违法排污口；直辖市、省会城市、计划单列市建成区基本消除黑臭水体。</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZW7zP3NVfOrUZdscyHur90M21apPlly5jeOZKzS3BZzLyF1zRO9KIVg/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" class=""><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); border-bottom-color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 85% !important;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; color: rgb(228, 140, 167); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">    PPP          </strong></section></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(228, 140, 167);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZsecY9DcCdRn14L8jN1YA8hEDK8O66gFnFVJSFg81PvmFuhU5SKq9Dw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6509090909090909" data-w="550"  /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>PPP（Public-Private-Partnership），即公私合作模式，是公共基础设施中的一种项目融资模式。在该模式下，鼓励私营企业、民营资本与政府进行合作，参与公共基础设施的建设。</p><p><br  /></p><p>根据住建部的统计数据，海绵城市建设投资约为每平方公里1亿元～1.5亿元，仅16个试点城市总投资需求就在3000亿元以上，然而中央、地方政府和政策性银行提供必要的建设资本是有限的。由此可见，<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">海绵城市建设面临较大的资金缺口，为引入社会资本用PPP模式共同建设“海绵城市”提供了合作平台。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>2016年2月18日，住建部发布全国黑臭水体摸底排查的数据，<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">全国295座地级市及以上城市中，有218座城市被排查出黑臭水体，占比为73.9%</span>。而在黑臭水体的摸底完成后，黑臭水体的治理需要也将在2016年后集中释放。</p><p><br  /></p><p>2016年以来，多个城市公布了黑臭水体排查清单，其中北京、南京、重庆等多地亦明确了本区域黑臭水体整治时间表。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">住建部也在推广和探索PPP模式去整治黑臭水体，并把以水质目标作为绩效考核和按效付费的依据。</span>“把水质改善和水质目标作为标的，签订水质维护的合同任务，根据水质改善的效果来支付运营费用。通过这种方式，政府承担监管责任，把黑臭水体的整治委托给具有专业技能的市场各方。”住建部城建司巡视员张悦如是表示。</p><p><br  /></p><section style="border: none; margin-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 1.8em; color: rgb(88, 179, 224); width: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(88, 179, 224); font-size: 112.5%; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section style="line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section></section><section style="float: left; margin-top: -1.56em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0.5em; border-radius: 1em; font-size: 100%; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(88, 179, 224);" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><span style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 2em; margin-left: 5px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-family: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;" class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>海绵城市建设、黑臭水体治理和PPP同时推进的三个风险</strong></section></span></section><section style="width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">文/薛涛，E20研究院执行院长</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>黑臭水体涉及岸上和岸下的建设、环保、景观、水利防洪等多个专业。海绵城市建设所涉及到的主管部门、专业和主体又至少复杂一倍。PPP本身就是涉及多个部门（包含发改委和财政部两大主线）和复杂的社会资本参与。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">三者在当前地方政府环境治理行动中不可避免地叠加，再加上倒逼考核制度带来的运动化，更突出了先天缺乏顶层机构设计和数据化总结反馈模式的硬伤。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>笔者简略点出三个其暴露的问题和风险：</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 28px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(67, 83, 108);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(185, 238, 228);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(7, 99, 151); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(205, 220, 241);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">拉动经济的责任不应由环保项目和PPP担负</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">无论是建设海绵城市还是整治黑臭水体，都是一个可持续发展的城市所应达到的目标，但是，</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">它的实现基于巨额和长期的经费投入以及稳定有效的运营管理。它的回报，却有着一个相当长的反射弧，<span style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">需要的是城市环境的提高带来人才的集聚</span>，再加上城市管理水平的提高、科技创新的提高等各项系统性优势相叠加所带来的城市经济结构的优化和活力的提高，最后才能带来税收的提升和城市可持续的发展</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（此处笔者并不想用地价的提升作为回报基础，这背后的原因不言自明）</span>。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>但是现在，若期许上述几个主题直接拉升我们下滑的经济发展速度，笔者感觉这违背了当前经济规律和地方政府实际所面对的财政收入压力。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/raykBSCslW7hyUJcf6vLjKdUMKrmicyZZa6vjww78rQKGiawDQvxFm49ugxRic76EvLjqbzNynxTGEO0WhOLWbpSw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.73" data-w="500"  /><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p>此外，PPP落地不畅，也代表了资本方对这个过长和过虚的反射弧能否给地方政府带来财力、是否具有长期分期付款能力的不信任。<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">PPP的意义在于其对社会的深层的治理模式和文化带来的变革，仅仅从经济上考量也背离了其最根本的意义。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 28px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(67, 83, 108);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(185, 238, 228);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(7, 99, 151); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(205, 220, 241);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">运动化与三个系统本身发展所必需的渐进和反思节奏不匹配</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">PPP是一场社会公共服务供给侧改革的深层变革</span>，制度建设、市场化、契约精神、协商机制、民众参与、文化重塑和政企民边界重构等各方面因素十分复杂，从国际经验来看，这堪称一个世纪性的系统工程。</p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">海绵城市的建设和黑臭水体的治理也是如此，若没有几十年的循序渐进、谨慎反思和充分总结，没有技术性系统问题的数据化建模和从小至大的摸索再逐步推广的过程，没有长达几十年的各方的能力建设和逐步提高，在很大概率上，这类项目都会面临“始乱终弃”或者“南辕北辙”的风险</span>，更何况这三大项目很大程度上是不可分割和同时推进的。</p><p><br  /></p><p>笔者赞赏倒逼黑臭水体治理时间表的举措，但实际观察身边发生的具体案例却不由捏了把汗。从2015年的股市、2016年的楼市和扑朔迷离的汇市来看，伴随着我们经济体的日益庞大和复杂，它的运行轨迹已经不是出台相关政策或文件就可以把握的。那么，三个系统的运动化结局是否也会一地鸡毛？</p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; font-size: 28px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(67, 83, 108);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px; margin-top: -2.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(185, 238, 228);"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(7, 99, 151); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(205, 220, 241);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>整个行业的能力不能匹配三个系统的推进目标和时间表</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">国有资本治理结构尚待改进，金融系统的低效、粗暴和监管缺位，相关技术统筹的适用性和系统性认知的广泛缺乏，对基本数据积累和规律总结的忽视，企业的逐利本性和缺乏约束性考核，地方政府在相关范畴内所需的治理能力欠缺，这些是推进海绵城市、黑臭水体和PPP将面临的共性风险。</span>而更雪上加霜的是，这些项目在不同的地区和时段，在有部分共性规律以外，都需要有因地制宜的个性措施，而这又增加了任务的复杂程度和对每一方参与主体的人才要求。那么，实际情况是，上述三个领域，都有一个共性的特点，就是“<span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">到了操作层面，其实还真没几个人知道怎么玩</span>”。</p><p><br  /></p><p>少数的疑虑和批判之声淹没在行业不同主体（政府、企业、金融机构、咨询机构等）的逐利盛宴或者考核目标的喧嚣之中，认真务实地推进案例，比例确实在少数。由此导致的各种异化（巨型拉长BT变种PPP、轻规划重投资、建而不管、政绩化工程化的环境治理运动）已箭在弦上。真正的能力建设不是那些近期获利颇丰的培训机构可以从根本上解决的，至少目前来看在成长速度上无法匹配现实需求。</p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);">对比西方用时长达半个世纪的在PPP、LID（类似海绵城市）和黑臭水体治理等几个领域的成功经验，我们走得太快太急。</span>中国特色的成功经验，到了这个阶段，在这几个方面，是否可以再创奇迹，笔者表示深深的疑虑，也必须再次提示其中的风险。</p><p><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><strong>本内容由清华同衡 科研与信息中心综合整理，观点部分内容来自中国经济时报：提示海绵城市、黑臭水体和PPP同时推进的三个风险</strong></strong></span></p><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: inherit; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-color: rgb(171, 87, 94); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 15.9943px; width: 24px; float: left; border-top-width: 6px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 87, 94); border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="tn-Powered-by-XIUMI" style="max-width: 100%; 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