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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlcaK9QWhicz8Ojv89aTcwToiaVOUSMzAccCYbo8QYte9zVOtHSibbkpc2Q/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlcaK9QWhicz8Ojv89aTcwToiaVOUSMzAccCYbo8QYte9zVOtHSibbkpc2Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 85% !important;"><section style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【专题讨论21】</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间联动发展和城市“升维”规划管治研究——</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对城市突发公共卫生事件的规划思考与应对</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(218, 107, 107);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室博士研究生唐源琦，华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室教授、博士生导师，城市规划与环境设计研究所所长，亚热带地区城镇规划设计学术负责人赵红红<span style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;">在《规划师》2020年第6期撰文，</span>在全球化大趋势下，城市之间的物理边界已模糊化，在突发公共卫生事件时城市群俨然成为“安全共同体”。为了应对城市公共卫生事件和实现新型城镇化城市的可持续发展，文章首先在区域发展模式上提出空间联动( 四级联动)，即全国联动、城市群联动、片区联动和社区联动，以加强空间面对公共卫生事件的防疫制动关系，建立资源的联动分配和共享机制，形成全国的网状防疫结构体系。其次，在满足城市高维度的自身发展规律和主体人的能动性需求上，提出从智慧城市和韧性城市两大方面对城市进行“升维”规划管治。最后，在城市发展指引上提出生态健康理念和意识观念的转变，实现“术”与“道”融合的应对策略。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(150, 46, 46), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0));background-color: white;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]城市群；城市“升维”；公共卫生；韧性城市；健康城市；韧性社区</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2020)06-0044-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]唐源琦，赵红红．空间联动发展和城市“升维”规划管治研究——对城市突发公共卫生事件的规划思考与应对[J]．规划师，2020(6)：44-49．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UqBZPotWf89cYGAsuaRSpp136rsloggRciap32ZkibRic9qMHJXKczftiaNN5R75BqeR79Zf4VaiaJqzyBNd4xXSmGA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 公共卫生事件的相关阐述</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）城市规划与公共卫生事件的缘起</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现代城市规划与公共卫生的关系源<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">远流长。不论是说公共卫生事件推动了近</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现代城市规划的起源，还是说城市规划起</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源于人类对健康的诉求，几百年来城市规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划总是在为城市公共卫生做应对与治理。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">18 世纪中叶，工业革命导致伦敦人口剧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">增，一方面城市在快速扩张过程中完全以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机器高速运转为准则，导致城市空间杂乱、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施破败；另一方面工人们生产生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的环境卫生条件极其恶劣。19世纪中叶，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源于印度的霍乱4 次肆虐英国，1848年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">英国出台了《公共卫生法》。1849 年流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行世界的鼠疫再次席卷欧洲大陆，造成大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量的人口死亡和巨大的社会恐慌。1860</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年，英国逐渐认识到城市卫生环境的重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性，并开始实施一系列改良贫民窟的计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划。出于卫生与商业方面的思考，法国在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1853年开始了由霍斯曼主导的巴黎重建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计划。公共卫生运动、环境保护运动和城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市美化运动贯穿于近代西方城市化的全过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程，突发的公共卫生问题推动了现代意</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">义上城市规划的诞生。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）空间规划与公共健康的羁绊</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">促进人类健康是城市规划的重要任<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务，环境与公共健康的关系影响了20世</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纪初现代城市规划的核心理论——田园城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市理论。但随着医学领域“细菌说”的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">突破，公共卫生研究重点从空间环境建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设转移到细菌学研究。自20世纪70年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">代开始，公共卫生又着重关注物质空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境对个体和公共健康的影响[。1986</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年，世界卫生组织启</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动的“健康城市项</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目”在空间环境实践方面将健康城市建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计划推向全球，引发了广泛的健康城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市规划研究。20世纪90年代，美</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国引领的“健康与规划设计”蓬勃兴起，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">突显了空间环境因素的干预作用，城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间环境成为健康支持的重要内容之一。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人们普遍意识到“只有通过整体的形态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规划，才能摆脱城市发展现实中的困境”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公共卫生离不开空间的支持。2002年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">美国开展“设计促进积极生活计划”研讨，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">强调通过多层次的空间环境要素规划设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">计促进市民开展体力活动。2010年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">美国将城市规划与环境设计作为落实公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">共健康理念的主要学科，率先提出“纽</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">约市城市公共健康空间设计导则”，引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导市民体力活动行为和生活方式，并最</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">终促进城市健康发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2006年，我国国务院颁布《国家突<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发公共事件总体应急预案》，初步建立了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国公共危机管理体系；2017年，国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务院又颁布《关于推进防灾减灾救灾体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">制机制改革的意见》，标志着我国的应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">急管理体系进入了新的阶段。党的十九</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">大提出了生态文明建设的根本任务，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">哲学价值取向上以提供高品质公共服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">取代“惟GDP 论”，在内容上回归到治理、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">管理城市的卫生和空间环境问题。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）中心城市与疫情发生的悖论</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高人口密度和大规模人口聚集加剧<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了病毒的扩散感染。以流感为例，一个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市中被感染的人数大约与城市的人口</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模呈1.15次方的超线性关系，这是科</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">学的数据关系，但不是事实的全部，人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">们不能因此而否定“中心城市”的发展。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">吴良镛先生常说“城市是一个复杂的巨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统”，关键是如何将城市建设成高质</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量的公共卫生服务地区，而不是通过限</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制城市规模来解决疫情的传播问题；人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类的行为方式、聚居形态、城市管治标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准以及发展过程中对生态自然的思考才</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是“城市病”的根本原因。突发公共卫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生事件先后发生在中心城市或特大城市，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这既具有偶然性，也具有必然性，值得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">反思：城市如何面对精细转型发展的挑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">战，不仅仅是在经济方面，更多的挑战</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是在社会层面。以往人们较多关注的是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城中村、社会治安及环境污染等问题，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">那么在我国转型的城镇化道路上，病毒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疫情的传播将成为城市健康的重要病症。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心城市和城市群正在成为现代城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇化的主要空间发展模式，城市群联动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展是治疗“城市病”、满足社会及经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">济发展的必经之路。在城镇化战略层面，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应继续坚持以城市群为主体的形态以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以优势地区、中心城市为重点的总体方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向，这是符合世界发展趋势与普遍规律</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的。城市生活、生产的各类要素合理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流动和高效集聚，是发展的必然结果。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果采取高效的、精细化的区域协调防</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控措施，可以有效将疫情传播面减小到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最低程度，同时这也取决于区域联动联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控的力度和水平。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UqBZPotWf89cYGAsuaRSpp136rsloggRciap32ZkibRic9qMHJXKczftiaNN5R75BqeR79Zf4VaiaJqzyBNd4xXSmGA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 空间(城市群) 联动发展</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）城市群联动发展的必要性</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 卫生安全防疫需求：病毒( 新型<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">冠状病毒) 传染是依附人的流动而传播</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的，由于交通体系的发展，城市群已经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成为人们流动迁徙的高频地域范畴。同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时，在高效社会“流”动的今天，城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域空间关系的变化直接影响着人的流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动方向，已经不存在地方性传染病毒，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在突发公共卫生事件时城市群俨然成为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“安全共同体”。在全球化、区域一体化下，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">没有限定的物理空间边界，这也是当代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">卫生防疫的困难点所在。城市空间结构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关系和空间应急模式直接影响着疾病的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">蔓延，在重大突发公共卫生事件面前，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域内没有城市能独善其身，因此应建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">立有效的区域联防联动机制，防止意外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事故的扩张与蔓延，从行政防疫转变为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间网防疫(包括信息网络空间)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 资源联动需求：城市群联动实现<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了资源共享，中心城市的空间和人口规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模都比较大，在经济发展、医疗卫生条</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">件及应急能力方面都要明显优于周边地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级城市，甚至呈现悬崖式差距，这是全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国普遍的发展问题。经济单维度甚至是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“单向性输出”的城市空间关系，严重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏协作联防的机制，不但是不科学、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">浪费城市空间资源的发展模式，而且在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">突发事件发生时，周边城市无法主动参</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与联防，大大削弱了城市的防疫能力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)发展规律需求：在全球化背景下，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济及城市交往已经突破地理空间格局，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要实现新型城镇化的持续稳定发展，城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市群是最根本的共同体。“十一五”规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划纲要提出，把城市群作为推进城镇化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的主体形态，城市群是区域协调发展的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间单元。2019年8 月26日中央财经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">委员会议指出，中心城市和城市群正在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成为承载发展要素的主要空间形式，新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形势下要促进区域协调发展，增强中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市和城市群等经济发展优势区域的经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">济与人口承载能力。根据职能与天然的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地理空间关系，空间联动主要有“四级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">联动”机制，即全国联动—城市群联动—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区联动—社区联动。四级联动能实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">横向与纵向的网络联动关系，满足现代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的发展和防疫制动要求。全国联动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是发展导向保障；城市群联动是空间联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动的核心内容；片区联动是加强生产生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活基础设施的建设；社区联动是全民联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动的基本单元。四级联动可以加强空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面对公共卫生事件的防疫制动关系，建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">立资源的联动分配和共享机制，形成全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国的网状防疫结构体系(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4686192" data-w="956" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaZnoSlpkHJFTtrB6HRpbHvcfMPvLr9iawCWnSK3BxSYUcA94ibzj0ZicIL7R0w68QAZIicaEcEFdibibWg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）全国联动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在全国联动层面，需要解决的是跨<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省联动机制问题、跨区域的疫情防控重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大问题，尤其需要从国家战略高度重视</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心城市及城市群针对疫情做出的防控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">措施。例如，制定紧急状态下医疗扩容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的空间资源和重要物资运输通道预案，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合疫情危害程度和发展阶段实施梯度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">隔离的空间策略；在跨区域人员流动管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理、跨区域疫情监测预警及跨区域财政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资金调配等重大问题上进行全国调动。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在新型城镇化转型发展背景下，要加强超</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大城市公共卫生空间环境及防疫治理方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面的统筹工作，具体结合详细规划和专项</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划落实部门间的协作，提出全国国土空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间综合防灾网络布局、主要城镇群灾害风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">险应对策略；落实公共卫生重大战略部署</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和各级国土空间规划的应急预案。在疫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情期间，国家权威机构要做出声明及鼓</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">励，把握好全国疫情的基调战况，协调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">好“政府—社会—市场—公众”的关系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立自上而下、自下而上双重防疫机制。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）城市群联动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市群联动层面，不能只把关注<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的重点局限在经济合作、生态治理等看得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">见的领域，还要强化公共卫生安全的保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">障；建立城市群联防管治防疫机制，构筑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“多节点布控”的防护网络平台。首先，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要整合城市群的资源要素，从资源保障、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息沟通、风险预警、应急协调和恢复</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重建等方面着手，实现反应迅速、资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源利用率高的应急协同联动模式。其次，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要建立联合防范意识，注重城市群联动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的法治支撑与管理。同时，需要注</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">意不宜过度集中在现有的少数几个城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">群，应该开拓新的城市群缓解全国不均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衡发展的问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市群联防的重点是精准监控和及<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时切断病毒蔓延，并有效处理和调整疫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的疫情。在交通方面，应加强对城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市综合交通枢纽和对外交通运输等的管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制，审视现有输出输入人流的管理办法，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合新的技术探索人流、物流管控办法。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">杨保军指出，公共卫生的区域联防联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控机制需要突破部门、实现上下联动；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">医疗资源配置要以城市群为单元，与城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市群的形态相匹配，不能囿于传统的“中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心—边缘”格局和“城—镇—村”等级体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系，而应更加网络化、多中心化。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）片区联动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在片区联动层面，需要结合城市每<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个防疫片区形成联合体，注重疫情防</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控片区的联动管治，依靠地方政府及社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会力量形成分区防治，整体从空间上做</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出更加合理的调动和相互支持。片区之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间应建立常态化的监测、医疗防护以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">救助、后勤保障等协作体系；深入各级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">党委党支部组织，开展疫情防护网格化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理工作；结合物流、快递公司等配送</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">渠道，建立城市内部具有层级性的疫情</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">防控体系。同时，借鉴武汉“火神山”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">医院和“雷神山”医院的经验，统筹整</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理各片区的医疗资源和规划筹备防疫站</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点，构建全市片区联动的防疫网，从而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高城市的卫生防疫能力和应急时效。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）社区联动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区联动作为“第一道预防线”，是<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时效性高、维护社会稳定及公众参与的核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心圈层。在此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控中，社区联动发挥了重要作用，社区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">工作人员承担起宣传、统计、体温监测、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场所消毒、邻里协调和心理疏导等大量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">工作，成为社区疫情防范的核心队伍。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在社区联动层面，应根据社区群体<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的类型差异需求，围绕居民15分钟、半</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小时生活圈等“生活行为空间圈”，布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局社区重要设施；结合街道社区和村委</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会管理架构，联动公安派出所、社区卫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生服务中心及社区商业服务公司等组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机构，提高应急管理工作的精准性和及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时性。在日常，通过空间环境的营建，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提升社区环境卫生，促进邻里日常交流，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保证居民户外活动质量，打造和谐社区；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在疫情时期，可将小区作为疫情防控的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间单元，在必要时进行人流管制，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">防止疫情输入、蔓延和输出，紧紧依靠</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人民群众坚决打赢疫情防控阻击战。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在医疗方面，实行“分级诊疗，社区共治”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高基层在医疗基础环节的能力水平，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实现社区分散诊断与医院集中治疗的适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当分离，减少交叉感染的概率；发挥社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区宣传、监督和协同的作用，加强社区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协同联动管理建设，增加社区归属感。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UqBZPotWf89cYGAsuaRSpp136rsloggRciap32ZkibRic9qMHJXKczftiaNN5R75BqeR79Zf4VaiaJqzyBNd4xXSmGA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市“升维”规划管治策略</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在全球化背景下，先进的科学技术、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发达的交通体系促成全球物流、人流的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高速融合，使得病毒的传播没有物理边</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界的限制；加上现代城市应急系统薄弱，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">无法及时实现对病毒蔓延的有效控制，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这对于全球城市网中的枢纽节点——“超</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大”城市而言更是如此，因此公共卫生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事件下城市的“升维”发展迫在眉睫。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）城市发展的“升维”需求</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疫情的挑战不仅来自病毒，还有来<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自对城市的认知及其管治问题。城市传</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统空间维度低，空间与社会运作方式、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">业态、人的行为活动及文化形态等的关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系呈现为一种“分离式”共同运作方式，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">或者是一种低维度简单的直接关系，其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内在的复杂联系没有被发掘。随着城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展转型、精细化发展时期的到来，急</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需对城市进行“升维”规划及管控，让</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市各种功能及运作形态之间实现“高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">维度协作”模式。高维度协作是城市空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间精细化发展的一种必然现象和需求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事物之间的关系可以被更加清晰地关注</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与分析。高维度城市能有效提高城市的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">反应能力，如近期以腾讯、百度为代表，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以“时空大数据”为技术工具，采用基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于深度学习的城市时空认知—追踪—刻画</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法，让快速反应成为可能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，城市生活质量渐渐提高后，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人们对公共空间的品质、生活服务的需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求及健康的要求越来越高，在成长需求、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文明进步上其心理维度已经提升。依据</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场所理论，想要空间对城市及人的行为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有引导、教化的作用，那城市维度则需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要提高。另一方面，城市维度的提升是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市自身发展的规律或需求。例如，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此次疫情爆发初期，武汉市红十字会被</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">庞大凌乱的社会捐赠物资“压垮”，后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">转由专业商业物流企业接手，捐赠物资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可通过现代物流系统追踪流向，为防疫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提供了关键的物资保障。作为城市的“新”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">维度，物流经升级后与“生活健康”产</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生了关系，以崭新的职能被大众所熟知。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当突发公共卫生事件发生后，物流<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以承担关键的社会职责，是人们离不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开的一个城市“维度”。“升维”的目</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的是满足新时代人民的基本需求与保障。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例如，应将“升维”的物流组织及规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纳入超大城市预防体系之中，同时虚拟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的物流空间规划也应纳入国土空间应急</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划中。城市中的各种“流”都在不断</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升级，物资更丰富、空间形态更多元，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要被认知的关系更复杂。在新型城镇</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化下，城市的维度需要在人们、城市规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划及决策者们的认知观里被提升，并运</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用到城市的建设和运营管理中，这样才</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能满足城市的自身发展和人民对更高要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求的追求(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6720257" data-w="933" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miaZnoSlpkHJFTtrB6HRpbHv1utJvYDQHEgsRc7xq3e0wib9gcyusO3TzYviaM8yl2aFqnZoALXs6ibsA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）智慧城市引领“升维”</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.信息智慧平台</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网络信息可以说是现代城市“高维<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度”的一种运作形态，信息流表现的关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有线性、非线性的特征，甚至有多维的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">复杂空间关系。当前，应大力推进全国智</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">慧城市、智慧社区建设，以国土空间基础</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息为规划引领，依托人工智能、大数据、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">遥感、全球定位系统和地理信息系统技术，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">搭建信息互联、数据共享的智慧平台，动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态多元地监控突发公共卫生事件并提升应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对能力，实现空间优化、信息共享，为智</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">慧城市的管理提供三维应用和支撑。从智</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">慧规划到智慧城市，以智慧城市提升空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">维度的规划和管治，可以促进信息化建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与城市空间发展之间的深度融合，实现城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市治理从碎片化治理到系统性治理，从分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">散治理到高维度城市群协作，从经验治理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到精准治理。在城市信息智慧平台</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基础上，应全面提高包括卫生传染病等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各类公共安全风险的监测预警水平，建成综合减灾与风险预测管理信息平台。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.数据分析及监控防疫</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">①疫情防御：监测分析疫情高危地<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区、易感染( 特殊) 人群和城市公共卫生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关事件，加强对城市人口(弱势群体、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流动人口) 脆弱性、社区脆弱性的研究，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对城市潜在的突发事件和公共危险进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">智能化预警，并提供科学的对策建议，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实现国土空间与城市规划、建设管理的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">工作协同及跨时空对比分析。②疫情</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管治：研究人口流动和疫情时的空间演</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化规律与趋势，借助智慧城市大数据等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计算机手段和分析方法，加强对城市运</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行状态的动态监测和模拟仿真，分析社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会形态和城市空间的关联性特征，实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全方位的“人、地、空间耦合互动”信</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">息追踪和共享。这样不仅利于合理划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疫区等级，避免刚性管制，还能缩短应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">急反应时间，在最快的、有效的时间内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行防疫。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）韧性城市延展“升维”</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.韧性城市的营建</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性城市需要考虑常态和疫时两个<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同阶段。如果将城市常态看作是一维、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">二维甚至是简单的三维空间(时间作为被</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">察觉的四维空间)，那么新技术、大数据</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及信息化带给城市的变化就是五维空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而韧性空间就可以被理解成是“零维”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间，是一种具有无限可能性的状态。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面对公共卫生安全事件，不仅需要刚性、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本的保障和迅速的响应运作机制，还</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要韧性空间作为支持和补充，让各种</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应急机制得以高效实现，这就是韧性空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间对“升维”的延展功能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市发展要具有前瞻性，建立平战<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兼顾的城市防疫体系；应对城市发展的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不确定性，探索未来发展的“留白”预案，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实现城市韧性和可持续发展。一是加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强城市安全风险评估，对城市的空间形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态、政策、运营等基本要素及公共安全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现状进行分析，按照科学的评价体系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">预测城市潜在的突发事件、风险及相关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数据或提供可视化的依据标准。二是提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升应急设施及物资保障。针对高风险地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区，应提早编制相关规划并落实，保障</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重大疫情发生时的及时响应。在城市管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制方面，要把防疫应急保障工作纳入城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市建设和日常管理评价指标中，强调高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质量的落实与维护，确保疫情发生之时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的运筹帷幄。在设计方面，创造弹性设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计方案，实现平战兼顾，节约资源。三</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是优化应急产业布局。根据城市风险评</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">估，有针对性地进行应急产业(应急医疗、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生命救护等) 的专项规划，提高城市应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">急准备与支撑能力。同时，完善城市后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">勤网络通讯、基本生活物资流通体系。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.韧性社区的建设</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性社区的建设是城市韧性发展的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">坚实基础。智慧“云”社区作为韧性社区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的“牵引”，应将其纳入健康城市规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的框架中。在日常，可以运用智慧“云”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大数据平台，及时对社区居民开展宣传和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化活动；统计人员信息并及时更新，掌</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">握病例跟踪等基本信息，同时可进行数据</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">预测等。在疫情时期，加强数据动态监测、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人员排查，掌握物资需求情况，提升应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">急管理的效率。当前，应充分发挥社区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">智慧平台信息的根基作用，打通不同部</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">门的数据壁垒，努力实现在最基本生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层面、最小范围内解决居民最根本的问</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">题，提高城市治理的效率。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UqBZPotWf89cYGAsuaRSpp136rsloggRciap32ZkibRic9qMHJXKczftiaNN5R75BqeR79Zf4VaiaJqzyBNd4xXSmGA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 新型城市发展观指引</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）以健康城市为准则</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">世界卫生组织给健康城市的定义是：<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“健康城市应该是一个不断开发、发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自然和社会环境，并不断扩大社会资源，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使人们在享受生命和充分发挥潜能方面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能够互相支持的城市”。我国“十三五”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划(2016—2020 年) 首次将“健康中国”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上升至国家战略高度。如何应对公共健</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">康危害，实现健康“公共性”将是未来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国社会发展面临的核心问题之一。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">健康城市是支持城市宏观和长远发展的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共健康保障系统，其以绿色生态为主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要理念，注重低碳生活方式和生产方式，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">采用以健康为核心的更安全、高质量的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市现代化模式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">健康城市通过城市社会的要素( 交<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通、产业、居住、生态、空气及环境质</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量) 等，在空间场所中作用于社会文化及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">意识形态；通过塑造城市环境，影响个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人生活方式及行为的判断和选择，进而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">反映社会城市的健康。城市健康空间对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于公共卫生疫情控制可以起到重要的空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间载体支持作用，空间健康体现在空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能布局的合理性，以及空间对人的行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为的积极引导作用上。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）以意识观念为根本</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.“生态存在”观念</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在多数情况下，城市突发公共卫生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事件产生的根源在于社会意识形态及社会</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">背后所隐藏的文化观念导致的城市问题。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前，社会对绿色生态环境的保护意识还</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">很淡薄，对公共卫生防控知识了解不足，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在大众的价值体系里，仍然将动物看成是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">依附于人的存在，认为环境和资源本就属</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于人，未将其他生物的健康乃至生命与人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同等对待。石楠指出，“公共卫生突发事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">件表现的是人得了病，但背后是人与自然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的关系病了”。对于大自然，人们缺少</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应有的敬畏和善意，更多的是肆意掠夺与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">破坏，为了自身的需求，破坏大自然的免</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疫系统—生态平衡。面对这些，人们还是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应该少一些人定胜天的狂妄，多一些与自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然和谐共生的意愿。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市发展与大规模传染病的流行均<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有其自身规律。作为具有主观能动性的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人，在城市建设过程中应充分了解并顺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应这些规律，保持对自然和客观规律的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">敬畏之心；从价值源头深刻反思，包容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同生命物种、自律个体行为及协同多</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">元文化方式，将“生态存在”的观念作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为人类认识的核心内容，构建可持续的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">健康环境发展观。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.“公民意识”观念<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“公民意识”核心是一种现代价值<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">观的表现，具有国家民族、权利义务及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道德文明等显著的公共性意识。在城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">或者社会遇到突发情况时，“公民意识”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">表现出的是一种主人意识和公共责任感，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有保障社会的功能，有利于构建创新型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市人与自然的和谐环境。其是主观能动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性意识的升级，是城市建设中多角度思考</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的认识观。不管是平时，还是疫情发生时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“公民意识”都能对权利和责任进行对等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从而更利于形成全民联防战线。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UqBZPotWf89cYGAsuaRSpp136rsloggRciap32ZkibRic9qMHJXKczftiaNN5R75BqeR79Zf4VaiaJqzyBNd4xXSmGA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 8px ridge rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding: 8px 10px;border-left-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(238, 238, 238);padding: 0px 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五 结语</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;transform: rotate(0deg);float: left;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于当下城市特别是中心大都市，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市群联动发展机制与城市“升维”规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划管治是从城市规划视角对城市突发公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共卫生事件防疫的两大重要策略。空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">精细化发展将协助城市“升维”，城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间建设由重“量”的粗旷式发展向重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“质”的精细化发展转变。首先，精细</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化空间的设计是空间层次的提升，能创</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造更适宜人生活的场所；其次，精细化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的空间管理能加强空间要素的关联性，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">精细化不是简单地“细”化，更多的是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在空间结构和要素关系上的多维度升华，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">让事物在精细的网状空间关联中能更加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有序地按照科学规律运作，同时空间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">精细化能提高防疫的精准性和有效性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比尔·盖茨在TED演讲中说到，面对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大规模病毒疫情的爆发，“全世界都没</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准备好”，说明当下城市的发展模式和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管制办法并不是最理想的状态，需要及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时调整。现代化城市的可持续发展对城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市规划提出了更高的要求，要解决的并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不仅仅是现存城市中可见、明显的问题，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而是要先行一步，为未来的危机提供预</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案，为未来而规划。同时，未来的日常</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活空间、生活理念及方式，不再是微不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">足道的，必将会影响人与自然和谐共存的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关系以及城市安全应急系统。因此，应将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划职能、全民日常行为与信息技术联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合，将城市规划作为引导民众、服务民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">众的公共政策；在城市管理工作中要增</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强规划“全民安全健康”的宗旨，在城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市突发事件下展现现代城市规划的统筹</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优势和新型城镇化的科学性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;margin-top: -2px;float: right;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -2px;margin-bottom: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UqBZPotWf89cYGAsuaRSpp136rsloggRciap32ZkibRic9qMHJXKczftiaNN5R75BqeR79Zf4VaiaJqzyBNd4xXSmGA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(218, 107, 107);border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年06期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》杂志2020年06期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>空间联动发展和城市“升维”规划管治研究——对城市突发公共卫生事件的规划思考与应对<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 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