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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhK3x4U95y0xxk4YIr4BsDK4GrYU0sA32IhNDuAJ8bkUFCz1X5XupibIYV00DHniblfdXvMkYHicOC8A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhK3x4U95y0xxk4YIr4BsDK4GrYU0sA32IhNDuAJ8bkUFCz1X5XupibIYV00DHniblfdXvMkYHicOC8A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-left: -10px;margin-top: -5px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-right: -10px;margin-top: -5px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin: -10px 0px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者注册城乡规划师、高级工程师、北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司总规中心三所所长刘瑞刚在《规划师》2019年第23期撰文，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">快速城镇化时期城市设计的“技术体系供给”与“时代需求局限”之间出现了“错配”，并由此衍生了城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本土化的诸多问题，而存量时代的到来给城市设计“再出发”提供了肥沃的土壤。文章通过分析城市设计“再出发”的时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">代必然性及其“发力点”与“时机点”，提出应对不同空间尺度，应以差异化的技术内容有针对性地选择“发力点”，基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于不同的法定化途径，以差异化的切入路径有策略地选择“时机点”，并指出城市设计“再出发”需要打通“地位、思维、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控”3个重要环节。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-left: -10px;margin-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-right: -10px;margin-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 城市设计；技术体系供给；再出发；发力点；时机点</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)23-0091-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]C</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]刘瑞刚．我国城市设计的“再出发”思考[J]．规划师，2019(23)：91-96．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuPjHKZiagIu5ibUlrqrM3pXF8hIH8Qrg9Y4Ba1OplbNzWmVBicpwc5yQZnkf4xXWmbrax11eTmakFPKw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计在中国的“错配”与“再出发”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">     城市设计“再出发”是相对于“错配”而言的，“错<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配”是因快速城镇化时期的时代客观局限性所致，而“再</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出发”则是存量时代下不可回避的必然选择。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）快速城镇化时期的“错配”</p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现代城市设计的概念、理论、技术方法源于欧美<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的大规模城市更新时期，有其基本的特征。郭恩章先</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生早在30 多年前发表的《美国现代城市设计考察》一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文中即提到，现代城市设计基本特征包括：“研究内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容核心为城市公共环境形态及其对市民大众生活的影</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">响，是一个应用性的多学科综合领域，同时把人与环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境视为一个统一系统，并是一种政策性较强的社会干</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">预手段。”随着城市设计的进一步发展，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“二次订单”概念更加强调了现代城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计行为的复杂多样性，正如金广君教</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">授在《城市设计与当代城市设计》一文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中指出的一样：城市设计的“当代”特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">征主要体现在“多元的设计集群、动态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的设计成果、理性的行动计划”等方面。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国内自20世纪80年代引入现代城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市设计，并同步跟踪欧美城市设计的理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">论发展及最新实践，同时推广应用于国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内的城市开发建设之中。但问题在于，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与欧美城市设计所处的大规模更新时代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">背景不同的是，这个阶段正值国内改革</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开放、快速推进城镇化的时期，城市开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发建设大多是扩张式的新区建设。因此，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计的大部分技术内容是无用武之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地的，城市设计也常常被瘦身为简单的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“一次蓝图式设计”。在这“一次蓝图”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中，通常是基于大尺度的土地收储、政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府主导的一级开发、大规模的基建贷款</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及基础设施投入，很少涉及多元复杂的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">产权主体，也不需要精细化的实施路径，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此衍生了“简化版”的城市设计技术</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">逻辑，效果图式成果大行其道(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5833333" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhK3x4U95y0xxk4YIr4BsDKOvIue12K2CdUGRmDBTz5hBnAfaxAyB9ibKNA8iaJkvAC5vFcu4IgN1pA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于“时代需求局限”与“技术体<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系供给”之间的“错配”，城市设计在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国的发展持续了30 多年。这期间，固</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然大量的实践推动了中国特色城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的落地生根，也不乏许多先锋城市/ 区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域的有益探索，但总体来看，这个“错</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配”长期存在，并直接或间接地造成了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计在我国的概念模糊、地位尴尬、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容暧昧和管控失效等问题。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二）</span>存量时代的“再出发”</p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      2013年的中央城镇化工作会议提出<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“严控增量、盘活存量，优化结构、提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升效率，切实提高城镇建设用地集约化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程度”，这次标志性的会议也正式拉开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了中国存量时代的大幕。随后2015年召</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开的中央城市工作会议强调要加强城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计。在最新发布的《中共中央 国务院</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的若干意见》中更是明确提到：“运用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计……等手段，改进规划方法，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高规划编制水平。”正如欧美发达国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家的城市更新运动孕育了现代城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一样，国内的存量更新浪潮也必将为已</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经生根的城市设计提供更加肥沃的成长</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土壤。正所谓在存量时代，中国的城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计需要“再出发”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       城市设计“再出发”需要以史为鉴、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以邻为镜。回顾英、美现代城市设计源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">起之后的发展演变，恰如立足当前我国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的城镇化水平展望未来。在国内大量文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">献材料中，都有较为详尽的篇幅介绍了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现代城市设计诞生后在各自国家中的发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展足迹。即使在现代城市设计源起的美</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国，也依然有过相当长一段时期轰轰烈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">烈的大讨论，才慢慢从“联邦推土机式”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的粗放城市更新运动/ 冰冷的物质环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划，逐渐转变为更加重视以人为本、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重视社会学科的注入及多元主体参与等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协同式城市设计。学者戴维·戈斯林也曾</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在《美国城市设计》一书中提到，20世</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纪下半叶美国的规划设计方法并没有能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">够创造一个令人满意的物质环境，忽视</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了普通市民的使用感受。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       可以说，城市设计始于更新，但发<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展于变化之中，也由此造就了现代城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计“超强的环境适应性、有效的问题</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">针对性、丰富的内容可塑性、多元的平</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">台协同性、独特的成果定制性……”诸</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多特点与优势。回到国内存量时代的城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市设计“再出发”，如何充分发挥这些</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特点与优势，需要结合国内规划体系框</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">架与城市建设管理逻辑，选择城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的“发力点”与“时机点”，并打通城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市设计效力发挥的若干瓶颈环节。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuPjHKZiagIu5ibUlrqrM3pXF8hIH8Qrg9Y4Ba1OplbNzWmVBicpwc5yQZnkf4xXWmbrax11eTmakFPKw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计“再出发”的“发力点”</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">与“时机点”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      即使是“错配”的30 多年，城市设<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计实践也找到了与城市规划之间结合的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经验与要点，既包括应对不同尺度的技</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">术编制侧重点(即“发力点”)，也包括</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合不同层次规划切入的“时机点”。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应对不同空间尺度，以差异化的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">技术内容有针对性地选择“发力点”</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      无论是过去的城乡总体规划，还是<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当前的国土空间规划，大致都分为总体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和详细两个层面。与之相对应，城市设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计也分为总体城市设计与重点地区城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计。基于不同的空间尺度，城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也必然要有针对性、差异化地选择研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与设计的重点。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宏观尺度的总体规划阶段，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总体城市设计加强特色与框架研究</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宏观尺度，研究的对象通常是一个<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">完整的城市或区域。在国土空间总体规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划更多趋向于全域层面、主导功能管控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及底线保护思维的时候，其实更需要总</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体城市设计来填补其在人文、特色等方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面的缺失。因为城市并非仅是物质空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">还包含了物质空间之上所蕴藏的人文精</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">神、人本需求。物质空间可以严格分割</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控(如国土空间规划内容中的“三区三</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线”划定)，但是人的活动无法限制，人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文内涵也只能整体呈现、感知与体验。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">所以，总体规划与总体城市设计这两方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">面是万万不可分割的，既不可分成两个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">事物看待，也不宜分成两个阶段编制。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">它们之间充斥着理性规律与感性体验的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交织，需要在一个整体系统之内给予二</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">者互补互融的机会与平台(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6783626" data-w="855" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhK3x4U95y0xxk4YIr4BsDKOW3yIt72w6qicvuyhFN8BTYZib8pic4ymVRsJjnfeLTscQCqyYsMeiaSDg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有了这个机会之后，总体城市设计<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也不必面面俱到，需要重点解决的就是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市特色提炼与城市空间框架两个核心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">议题。其中，城市特色提炼是城市发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标、指标等理性纲领的有益补充；城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市空间框架则是以整合的思维方式对国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土空间用途管控的另一种延伸(而非细</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化)。历史上我国有很多经典的城市特色</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">描述，如济南“四面荷花三面柳，一城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">山色半城湖”、 常熟“七溪流水皆通海，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">十里青山半入城”、苏州“君到姑苏见，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人家尽枕河”，既充满了东方人文韵味，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也彰显了独特的空间，更是超越了城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发边界的范畴。新时期中央提出的要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统筹“生产、生活、生态”三大空间、要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“看得见山、望得见水、记得住乡愁”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也同样传承了东方思维，是具有人文属</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性的更高要求。而总体城市设计正是可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以在宏观尺度回应这些要求的最佳工具。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">微观尺度的控制性详细规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段，以重点地区城市设计提供系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">解决方案的集成</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      在微观尺度的控制性详细规划阶段<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">加载城市设计内容早已是非常普遍的做</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法。住建部2017年颁布的《城市设计管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理办法》明确提到：“重点地区城市设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计的内容和要求应当纳入控制性详细规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划，并落实到控制性详细规划的相关指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标中。重点地区的控制性详细规划未体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现城市设计内容和要求的，应当及时修</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">改完善。”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      需要强调的是，与早些年的控制性<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">详细规划阶段城市设计不同，存量时代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的重点地区城市设计的内容关注重点不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">再是以空间形态设计为核心，而是以空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间为载体，探索空间背后的政治、经济、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会、文化和生态等多元的系统化的运</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">转逻辑，空间只是这种系统运转逻辑的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具象物质反映与行为容器。因此，重点</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地区城市设计也需要回答该地区的发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标、战略/ 策略、产业/ 业态、空间/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境、开发与资金计划、多元主体利益</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协商等一系列多样化的命题，需要兼顾</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标导向、问题导向及实施导向，而且</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会随不同地区的不同情况有选择、有侧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重地选取技术路线及成果输出形式，既</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以偏重空间环境设计，也可以偏重城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市管理者使用的管控导则，或是偏重平</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衡多元主体的实施计划。但无论怎样，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重点地区城市设计的技术内容必然从物</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质化的空间属性走向更加系统化、多样</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化、定制化的解决方案范式(不是大而全，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而是一针见血的范式)(图3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5936768" data-w="854" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhK3x4U95y0xxk4YIr4BsDKic8fH6ScdRUY1MJZwTVN4EYSRwCFmCbP3HoHr3A4IkluTzOXTJurtSw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二）</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于不同法定化途径，以差异化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的切入路径有策略地选择“时机点”</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       城市设计在中国尚无法定地位，所<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以其更多是作为一种研究方法存在，因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此城市设计要发挥价值，就需要借助法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定规划的工具平台来实现。而与总体规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划同步编制的总体城市设计及与控制性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">详细规划同步编制的重点地区城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是比较有效的捆绑方式。虽然是同步编</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制，但是基于不同尺度(总体规划、控制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性详细规划)的城市设计介入时机也是有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">细微差异的。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总体规划阶段“慢半拍”，是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“发展框架”确立后对“空间框架”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的进一步优化</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       越是趋向宏观尺度的总体规划，越<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是倾向于抽象化的要素分析，如抽象成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数字的人口规模结构、经济发展水平，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">泛化成点、线、面、网的市县乡镇村居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民点网络。这一阶段的重点是研究这些</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">抽象化要素在城市这个空间载体中的复</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">杂运行规律，并立足规律来理清发展战</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">略方向与路径；同时，更加注重空间环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境的承载能力评价；最后才是确定合理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的空间布局框架。因此，在总体规划阶段，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过早介入空间形态方面的分析是低效的，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以略“慢半拍”节奏，在城市基本“发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展框架”确立之后，再以总体城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究推进“空间框架”的确立与优化。 </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">       例如，在与《冀州市城乡总体规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(2013—2030)》同步编制的总体城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实践中，切入时机是在总体规划纲要基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本成形，即将启动总体规划成果编制的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“时机点”。总体规划纲要确立了城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性质及与北部衡水市一体化发展的战略</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">思路。总体城市设计则在此基础上，结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合衡冀之间的生态湖泊(衡水湖)，确立</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“一倾湖水，半壁郭城，拥湖而不堵，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湖城两相宜”的湖城空间特色，并进一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步细化城市“东拓拥湖、西游养生、中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴主城、北承古风、南聚产业”的空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">框架。这既丰富了总体规划的内涵，又</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过总体规划平台发挥了城市设计研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成果的向下传导效力。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控制性详细规划阶段“早半拍”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是业态、指标、空间和路径等内容的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情景模拟平台</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在控制性详细规划阶段，城市设计<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是一个相对具象化的情景模拟平台，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此来辅助研究业态配置的合理与否，确</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定开发强度、密度和高度等指标体系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">推敲空间的主体结构(尤其是开放空间)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协商多元主体的不同需求、确保可实施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路径等。通过城市设计这个“早半拍”的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平台，将模拟的情景方案通过“二次订单”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的内容形式呈现，并附加到控制性详细规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划的核心内容之中，取得向下传导的法定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化途径。而且，基于上文提到的未来微观</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尺度城市设计发力重点的改变(由简单的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间方案切换到系统解决方案)，这种“早</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">半拍”的模式就显得更加重要。因为现代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计发展演变至今，已不仅是控制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性详细规划指标的源头，还是涵盖了很</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多控制性详细规划所不能做到的方面。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">所以，城市设计之于控制性详细规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不同于其在总体规划阶段的优化意义(优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化城市特色与空间框架)，而是更多体现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">一种解决问题的先锋角色。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，在《株洲清水塘老工业区搬</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">迁改造规划设计》实践中，各方都认识</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">到清水塘的关键症结不在于确定多少容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">积率或是展示未来蓝图，而是如何破解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">工业企业搬迁、工业遗产保护和环境治</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理的巨大成本分担问题，以及政府、市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">场的政策、资金和资源如何有效投放或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">引入问题。管理者无法从既有的传统控</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">制性详细规划与城市设计这两个技术文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">件中梳理出突破点来理清政府与市场的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">分工，因此在与不同主体(包括政府与企</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">业) 接洽过程中遇到了困难。新启动的规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">划设计重点任务则转变为以城市设计平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">台联动多方的潜在主体，协商确定“更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">具可行性的实施计划”。所以，最终成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">果形式更多的价值不在于空间形象的具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体设计，而在于与空间高度匹配的“业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">态网络+ 实施路线”图( 包括省市政府主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导的企业搬迁+工业博物馆、某知名科</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">创投资集团主导的创新科技园、城投主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导的保税物流园，以及面向市场招商的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">商业综合体等)。在定制化的城市设计成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">果之后，再组织控制性详细规划的编制，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">做到有的放矢，根据具体业态/ 项目确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">定相应指标的控制要点(图4)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5925926" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhK3x4U95y0xxk4YIr4BsDKIhLicPtEIMAa8As6ib8PJIUssNc1M0kkfysA2meibUwWFn4Ss1lM0FfZw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuPjHKZiagIu5ibUlrqrM3pXF8hIH8Qrg9Y4Ba1OplbNzWmVBicpwc5yQZnkf4xXWmbrax11eTmakFPKw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计“再出发”需要打通</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“地位、思维、管控”3 个环</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">节</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      虽然城市设计“再出发”的需求旺盛，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是当前很多环节并不通畅，尤其是基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于法规体系、学科体系的“地位”环节、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">附着于从业者的“思维”环节及立足地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方政府的“管控”环节，都不同程度地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限制了城市设计效力的充分发挥。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">打通与既有法规体系、学科体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之间的地位对等协同环节</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       关于城市设计的地位讨论早已有之。<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个地位不仅包括在法规体系中的地位，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">还包括在学科体系中的地位。之所以将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">二者并列提出，是因为只有这两个地位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的实质性提升，才能有效推动城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理论与实践的蓬勃发展。这二者是根本，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也是城市设计在中国“再出发”的源泉。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       随着2015年中央城市工作会议召<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开，2016年中共中央、国务院下发《关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">若干意见》及2017年住建部颁布《城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市设计管理办法》，可以说城市设计的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法定地位已经得到了大幅提升。不过在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2018年，国务院机构改革组建自然资源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部，构建新的国土空间规划体系以取代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">原有的城乡规划与国土规划。这次影响</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">深远与意义重大的改革虽然可以从根本</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上解决空间规划重叠与冲突的矛盾，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是对于城市设计来说也提出了更高的协</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同要求及成本(城市设计与国土空间规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系分属两个部委/ 部门管理)。而协同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基础必然是地位的对等，这也就需要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计在未来进一步提升、完善自身</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的法规体系。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      另一个同等重要的是城市设计在学<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">科体系中的地位加强。对于城市设计的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">学科发展，业界、学界从未停止过讨论，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">普遍的观点是我国当前城市设计学科体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系仍然非常不健全。而国内城市设计学</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">科的发展难点主要在于其研究边界仍然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比较模糊，理论发展也较为滞后，短期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内难以成为与城市规划、建筑学并列的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">独立学科。但是从长远看，一场全球罕</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有的大规模、长时期的新型城镇化运动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及东方国度的城市更新运动所带来的城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市设计实践积累，必然会推动城市设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理论创新的爆发及学科的建设。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二）</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">打通规划思维、设计思维之间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相互融合环节</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      法规体系的健全与学科体系的建设<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都是久久为功之计。而在当前的城市设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计实践中，最紧迫的则是打通从业者的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划思维与设计思维之间的融合环节。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      无论是之前的城乡规划与城市设计，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">还是未来的国土空间规划与城市设计之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间，规划与设计之间有着根本思维观上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的差异。规划思维本着空间资源保护与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分配的逻辑，是偏抽象与理性的思维方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式；设计思维则追寻空间整体与体验的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">脉络，是偏具象与感性的思维方式。而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">两种思维之间的融合，相比于两种成果</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之间的协同，效果可以更加高效，技术</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容向下传导或具体方案指导实施也都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以更加从容。一方面，对于即将开展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的国土空间规划编制实践来说，如果能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">够融入设计思维，在宏观层面合理有效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地组织城市特色并构建空间框架，是可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以事半功倍的。例如，在以“三区三线”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为代表的空间资源分割管控内容基础上，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">融入山水城乡的整体体验式空间框架等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关内容，不仅可以完善成果体系，还</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是对我国传统“天人合一”思想及当前</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态文明时代要求的一种有效回应。另</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，在控制性详细规划层面是必然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要城市设计平台来引领目标策略的制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定、具体问题的破解及实施路径的谋划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的，而且目前大多实践也是这么做的，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都在持续探索微观层面规划思维与设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">思维的进一步融合创新。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">打通地方政府实施层面的管控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环节</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">       当“一次蓝图”的观念逐渐弱化，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市发展的行为导向路线图成为共识，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计的管理属性就会愈加强大，俗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">话也说“三分设计、七分管理”。一方面，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个管理属性的核心手段是城市设计导</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则，而导则成果的多样性、多元性特点</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导致其很难在国家、省层面“一刀切”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地制定“模板”，所以在城市层面基于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自身特点与管理惯性来制定地方性城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计导则管理办法或技术规定，是行之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有效的路径。同时，将城市设计成果转</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">译为地方管理语境下的可操作的具体规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程，也是十分必要的环节。另一方面，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控的主体是地方政府。在城市设计导</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则还没有普遍进入我国城市核心管控体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系之内的时期，城市设计效力发挥得充</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分与否与地方政府的实施力度密切相关，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">正所谓“千头万绪一根针”。即使在国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家层面，空间规划与城市设计分属自然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资源部与住建部，但是在地方层面，政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府可以发挥更大的作用来打通实施管控环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">节，让城市设计的成果真正发挥效益。而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">且国内也不乏很多城市已经取得了好的经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">验，如深圳的城市设计立法经验，天津</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的“一控规两导则”精细化管理经验等。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuPjHKZiagIu5ibUlrqrM3pXF8hIH8Qrg9Y4Ba1OplbNzWmVBicpwc5yQZnkf4xXWmbrax11eTmakFPKw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">      基于过去、面向未来，我国的城市<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计发展之路经历了快速城镇化的扩张</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发时期，也将要经历新型城镇化的存</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量更新时期。所以，无论是解析“再出发”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的“发力点”与“时机点”，还是探讨“再</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出发”的“地位、思维、管控”3个环节，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都是非常必要的。而且一个东方大国的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市设计理论与实践探索有着更为广阔</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的天地、独特的文化基因及时代背景，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这种有别于西方欧美国家的、独具一格</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的、可期的“实践井喷+ 理论创新”探索，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也正是可以推进我国城市设计蓬勃发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的前提。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IEFkia4Z2PuPjHKZiagIu5ibUlrqrM3pXF8hIH8Qrg9Y4Ba1OplbNzWmVBicpwc5yQZnkf4xXWmbrax11eTmakFPKw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" data-type="gif" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/A6fPlqN7cX8csZ9BBibJdObbKZ2BLmzSvJ4pVXHibEsR8xdvI57lROThPhWb03dicgyqIntbd36u18fzgtricKFc6g/640?wx_fmt=gif" class="__bg_gif" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 65px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px 15px 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: 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100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-color: rgb(128, 128, 128);border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(34, 136, 146);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年23期</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 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