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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95447" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 40px;background: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(0deg);"><img class="assistant" data-ratio="0.625" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/uAdgkdJAdQIWQCpka7mGLiaKJWyhx48G43EBib5H0EMeq6R8SomOWLNOKbKKrfJSib8aqyxx95n9XjxUyQ2FpxLeA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="32" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 30px;display: block;"></section><section data-autoskip="1" class="135brush" style="margin-top: -10px;padding: 1em;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;color: rgb(63, 62, 63);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="_135editor" style="max-inline-size: 100%;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;z-index: 0;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-inline-size: 100%;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">作者同济大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授杨帆，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院本科生周天扬，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院本科生朱结好在《规划师》2019年第16期撰文，继新农村建设、美丽乡村政策之后，国家又提出了乡村振兴战略。在此背景下，规划界和学界在进一步认知新型城镇化政策内涵的同时，急需梳理乡村规划与城市规划的辩证关系。文章分析现有乡村规划的政策路径和技术路径，指出在法律、治理架构下，当前乡村规划忽视乡村治理的特征、实施主体的意愿和技术表达的方式等问题。当前的乡村规划都是政府主导推动的示范性活动，普遍以乡村规划竞赛的形式存在，还未真正出现自治主体主动为之的乡村规划；乡村规划竞赛实则也是乡村规划教育的主要形式，因此难免存在内容缺陷。文章基于对多领域既有研究的详尽综述，以及具体乡村规划竞赛案例和教学，阐释城乡规划学科视域的乡村规划技术逻辑体系和政策逻辑体系。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-inline-size: 100%;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><section style="max-inline-size: 100%;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">关键词：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">乡村规划；乡村规划竞赛；空间规划；城乡关系；乡村规划教育</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-top: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">文章编号：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">1006-0022(2019)16-0068-06　</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-top: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">中图分类号：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">TU982.29</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-top: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">文献标识码：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">B</span></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-top: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">引文格式：</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">杨帆，周天扬，朱结好．当前乡村规划问题反思与策略——以乡村规划设计竞赛为剖析对象[J]．规划师，2019(16)：68-73.</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我国乡村的基本特征</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" data-color="#2c6ed5" data-custom="#2c6ed5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">乡村是农业从业者居住的村庄与人居空间形态，以及围绕着聚居地而开展相应生产经营、社会文化活动的空间地域范围。我国乡村一直以来都是国家经济和社会的基石，它有三个方面的主要特征：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(1) 城乡二元结构长期存在，形成了乡村研究的基本语境。在经济方面，由于我国长期采用“生产要素收益上的城乡剪刀差”和设置严格的“城乡二元经济门槛”等政策，以农村地区支持城市建设和发展，导致城乡利益分化，最终导致城乡居民收入差距的扩大。在社会方面，由于“二元分割”的户籍制度、就业制度和城乡社会保障制度，导致农村社会身份认同固化，降低了城乡间人口的流动性，“农民工”演化成一种制度性安排，使其难以享受城市公共服务，基本权利难以得到保障。乡村社会受地方风俗等影响，更强调血缘关系和宗族关系，这与城市社会有很大差异。由于上述两个方面的影响，生产要素在城乡间的流动受到一定程度的制约，城乡二元结构是人为地影响城乡协调发展、人口双向流动和维持相对分割的城乡秩序的原因。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(2) 乡村土地制度是影响空间资源使用、城市和农村地区长远发展的关键。一方面，在乡村进行开发建设需要先对农村土地实施征用；另一方面，农村土地权属具有空间细碎化的特征，不利于农地的规模化经营，导致农村土地“所有权、承包权、经营权”的三权分置改革。农村土地制度“产权模糊”的制度性特点影响着农民各项权益的保障。农地流转意愿，“农民工”市民化进程，农民作为经济主体参与市场经济活动的能力都因此受到影响。同时，城市化地区的空间蔓延又在持续不断地侵蚀着农村空间地域，导致乡村聚落开始空废化，乡土社会赖以维持的空间载体随之破败。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(3)村民自治是乡村治理的基本方式，是我国基层民主政治制度的一项重要内容。在我国，由宪法、国家和省级村民委员会组织法、部门规章和地方规章等构成的村民自治法律体系已经形成。国家行政管理权力向农村地区的延伸，与农村自治机制产生了冲突，如由于对建设管理的认知不同，间接导致“村庄两委”、村庄精英、村民之间的矛盾，也同时显现了“村民委员会”的双重身份，即国家意志的基层代理人——乡镇政府的“神经末梢”和基层村民自治性组织两重身份。由于乡政与村治在权力竞争和利益诉求方面的差异，在实践上很难经由同一个决策机构实现两个性质不同决策主体的博弈。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">因此，城乡规划视域的乡村规划不仅面临着法律渊源不明确、制度性主体缺失和土地制度影响三方面的困境，还需要解决由此带来的技术工具合理性问题。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三十岗乡东瞿村规划竞赛剖析</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" data-color="#2c6ed5" data-custom="#2c6ed5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">2.1  案例简况</strong><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">三十岗乡位于合肥市庐阳区西北部，距离合肥市中心22km，辖区面积为32.58km2。其中，本研究所选取的案例—东瞿村，位于三十岗乡东部，距离合肥市区19.9km。全村面积为3582.6亩(2.38km2)，现有耕地面积为889亩(0.59km2)，退耕还林面积为532亩(0.35km2)；共有8个村民组，531户，户籍人口1679人(图1)。2005年，东瞿村曾经是合肥市新农村建设示范点之一，村庄环境得到了全面整治，村舍按照徽派与汉代建筑风格相结合的方式重新设计。东瞿村在2017年被选为“中国首届大学生乡村规划竞赛( 合肥赛区)”的主要设计基地之一。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align:left;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.6257862" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXPb2fdLhs7en6OE2Cgqg0YTQzPhzzswFGNbqHjqLmUkWbia7cfRQERnw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="636" style="box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>2.2  东瞿村乡村规划的编制过程</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">2.2.1 现场调研</span></strong><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(1) 规划编制组织者和委托者。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">东瞿村所在三十岗乡政府，在庐阳区政府的指导下，具体推进东瞿村的乡村规划。三十岗乡域正好位于合肥市重要水源地，因而发展长期受到限制，因此乡政府非常希望通过规划设计竞赛这个平台，找到发展动力。三十岗乡政府与高校师生群体建立起技术咨询委托关系，并成为“乡村规划”竞赛基地。设计团队在现场调研时发现，东瞿村村委会仅是意见征询对象和公众参与成员，座谈会、答疑会和专家评审环节均由乡政府主导。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(2) 了解乡村土地关系。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">东瞿村下属所有的耕地已经全部流转(图2)，承包经营者们获得的经营期限为20年，包括诸如“东瞿村桃蹊水果农场”“瓜牛乐园”等特色农产品经营主体。经营者出于对投资回报的考虑，大幅减少经济作物的种植，转而发展游乐项目和以体验经济为主的建设开发项目，导致地方性传统特色农产品的衰落，如毛桃、西瓜等作物大量减产。相当数量的村民不能接受土地流转后的这种结果，对耕地荒废、农耕水系衰落及传统作物消逝备感惋惜(根据访谈录音整理所得)。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.3421052631578947" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXjXWmk7lqqnjMBCAYzqATV6XibiajDhGsA1ug9gus9JEjc3ORIf5C9UPA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="266" style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 266px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">不同于农地，东瞿村村民的宅基地仍然被牢牢地掌握在村民手中。作为对经营权的“明示”，土地承包经营商们在村落与农民原承包地之间构筑了一道铁网作为空间分割(图3)。村民只能于宅前院后的空地上种植蔬菜自给，或者经营农家乐等餐饮业来获取日常收入。访谈显示，丧失务农技能、土地已经流转的村民，多数进入城市寻找工作。城市地区是农村劳动力的实际就业地，农地流转后所发展的产业类型，则以吸引城市居民的消费为目的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1.504201680672269" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/uAdgkdJAdQKkPhFRicLETdiaYH12hnibfSANzfJhicxmHA8ibLOU5uzyAE4MIn8Ja14Hvak0ibzk2Kh2NniahL0T6Rqng/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="238" style=""></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br  /></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">2.2.2 形成方案</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(1) 构想村庄空间规划方案。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">设计团队通过向村民征询意见，提出重新梳理村落空间结构，创造宜居村落的空间方案。采用的基本空间手法是尽可能地将村级“公共空间”或停车场地规划在集体土地上(图4)。对由于安排连续、结构化的公共空间而受到影响的民居和村民宅基地，提出替代性方案，如建立土地“补偿机制”，在村落其他位置予以等面积“补偿”。由于缺乏对宅基地情况和村民意愿的深入调研，缺乏与村民的沟通，再加上设计团队在地方性知识、权利意识和文化习俗等民情认知方面的不足，或者是说将民情认知转化为有说服力的空间设计方面的能力不足，最终导致设计结果难以为村民所接受。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.7884187" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXkKjiaSadyjibHDX1Lp8joRicV2RvmeyYSCSWEoRmdicBvN9cNI4WRiaCyjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="449" style="max-inline-size: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(2) 构建乡村空间规划体系。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">在东瞿村规划中，各竞赛团队都围绕着村落空间编制了关于“域”的规划—村域规划、乡域规划，反映了不同层级的管辖主体在治理辖区发展中所涉及的空间性议题。内容包括：①依据城乡社会经济发展和建设的总体部署，对乡域进行的农村居民点体系规划，反映了以空间规模和结构为表征的农村社区自组织空间网络(图5)。②在村域范围进行的功能性地区划分和安排，以空间结构、功能布局规划的方式得以表达(图6)。③在自然村落范围进行的优化和改善村民居住空间的详细规划内容，类似于城市住宅区的修建性详细规划，采用的空间“语言”包括道路系统、绿地景观及详细节点设计等(图7～图9)。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor"><p><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.5651376" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrX5ZwOIq0xnZdjrP9xqSdYP42uDyyju7iaVMG9VTTd7VZrNrdxic7OiaLJg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="545" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.7231121" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXicyTsGUmOXtYtBhB8dibfpzE8oFDfgeibibNa6A3FibAyiaXaiaP77vALIXww/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="437" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="1.2670807" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXT0LALDP28pfRnqyqpwEiaAvuyKq6c5eKKgKuzYwcfhdDosZxMzvIrwg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="322" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 322px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="1.1928783" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrX5mISqmJITwLbkbg1G6slyWxUNJWPw8bKGaQz5lxk80IDy7cxSqp1ew/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="337" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 337px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.4914729" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXXRj6bIpe5Qgn34Kib9mX5IjyY2Zg7zajcbCwXqoq7Z5mBwCgBGAVOjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="645" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">03</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">当前乡村规划存在问题剖析</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="caret-color: red;font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">上述城乡规划专业视域的空间规划体系内容，与村民日常生活活动之间的关联较弱，村民通常难解其意。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p><br  /></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>3.1  大多忽视治理制度和法律背景</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">规划是“共同体”对未来生存状态的集体愿景和管理工具。它通常表现为地方行政主体或者治理主体权力体系的一个构成部分，或是地方治理机制权力协调的一项内容。乡村规划要么是政府行政管理权力对乡村社区的干预，要么是乡村自治组织自我管理的工具。当前，乡村规划面临如下难题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(1) 作为外界对乡村社区干预和引导的力量，乡村规划需要找到更具支撑力的法律依据。在城市地区，规划是由政府决策主体主导的多元参与并以综合控制为表征的决策手段。在乡村地区，村民自治是一种基层民主的组织方式，《宪法》(2018 年) 一百一十一条有明确规定。在1987年颁布并试行的《村民委员会组织法》的第二条也进行过同样的规定。因此，乡村规划应被认为是村委会自治范畴的公共事务和公益事业，或者由村委会通过委托代理程序委托给他们信任的机构。目前，城乡规划视域的乡村规划通常被溯源至1993年6月29日国务院颁布的《村庄和集镇规划建设管理条例》(村镇条例)、2008年1月1日开始实行的《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》、2008年4月22日颁布的《历史文化名城名镇名村保护条例》。这些现有条例和法规，并未将乡村规划的编制和管理工作视作村民委员会的自主性事务，而是将其作为乡镇政府规划权的延伸。这一理解应当是不充分的。一方面，其忽视了对有关组织编制城乡规划的规划权限的界定；另一方面，也缺乏对《宪法》(2018年)赋予村民自治基本权力的考虑，有违制度设计的初衷。由此，容易造成城乡规划视域下乡村建设的“短视”、规划执行主体不明和消极被动等问题。此外，还改变了乡村空间生产传统的内在机制(图10)。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.4160247" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXhvicUibqNLROVkYSl3Wj3FhiaPkiaYnc3TAQeg5b26qnb6cFsbG58Q8P6Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="649" style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(2) 需要明确乡村规划的实施和责任主体。乡村规划在法律渊源上存在的不同认识，导致其在组织编制和乡村规划实施层面存在不畅。《村民委员会组织法》第五条规定，乡镇人民政府不得干预依法属于村民自治范围内的事项；国家在赋予农民自我管理权利的同时，仍会选择将功能性的权力下沉到村一级，乡镇政府组织对村庄治理的支配存在着普遍性，特别是在乡村规划管理中，因为经济、社会等资源调配能力的失衡，这种“指导关系”很容易演变成“领导关系”，导致村民自治失去意义。由于存在这种颇具影响力的上下关系，城乡规划常被视为国家治理体系的重要组成部分。但是从技术工具角度看，乡村规划又是不同政策性项目在农村落地的空间协调机制，包括村庄布点规划、村庄建设规划，以及对单个村庄聚落进行具体建设之前所开展的规划行为。从编制技术角度理解的乡村规划，与从治理角度(或政策层面) 理解的乡村规划相去甚远。竞赛形式的乡村规划并非是乡村社区自治机制自下而上的自我发展诉求使然，事实上，有多少乡村规划是由村委会发出的动议值得深思。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>3.2  大多忽视农村土地制度</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">农村土地不仅仅是生产资料，也是农民财产和社会保障。城乡二元特征理应体现在乡村规划与城市规划的区别之中。城市规划的技术手段，在于从公共空间的建构入手，梳理和划分不同的城市功能性地区，并由不同层级、规模和形态的公共空间体系将私密、半私密空间连接起来。乡村地区土地产权关系随人口结构而变动，并有承继关系，因此乡村规划的技术表现应尊重土地使用权属特征，不能简单从道路、广场等所谓公共空间场所体系入手进行功能组织。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(1) 在村域层面，土地流转带来农业衰退、农地闲置和产业发展短视的现象。土地承包权与经营权的分离，间接导致大量农民无地可种，只能通过年终分红的形式获得少量收入。当前乡村规划(竞赛) 无暇厘清村民个体、村委会、土地租赁经营主体、乡政府等多元角色之间相互博弈的利益关系，所提出的诸如发展农业旅游、采摘体验等经济措施，实则无法解决土地制度下的利益纠葛问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(2) 在村落与村域关系层面，原承包地与村民宅基地间常以空间分隔方式明示权属差异。乡村规划(竞赛) 常把村落与村域农地设想为类似居住空间和就业空间的功能区划分，并在此基础上构想空间方案，缺乏对土地流转现实状况和社会经济后果的深入探究。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(3) 村落内部，宅基地以家庭为单位呈“斑块”化分布并影响着村落“公共空间”的形成。乡村规划(竞赛) 不适合被作为住宅区修建性详细规划对待，宅基地分布特征、乡村聚落空间自组织的地方特征和传统特征应被充分尊重与传承。故应特别谨慎采用诸如中心广场、居住组团、开敞空间和公共绿地等规划设计手法。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>3.3  技术成果忽视村民的认知能力</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">城乡规划图纸和文本传递政策性信息的技术体系，因受众长期固定而日趋复杂。乡村地区存在历史文化和受众群体两方面的特殊性与差异性，乡村规划(竞赛) 中采用的规划技术表达方式常常让“村民觉得看不懂，专家觉得不规范”，规划的技术性与村民的接受程度两者存在错位，使得规划本身难以发挥指导作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">在与村民的沟通上同样存在问题。一是现场调研常常受乡镇政府的引导，不利于规划团队掌握村民、村集体的实际需求。二是采用的问卷、访谈调研形式不符合村民的理解方式—以口口相传的方式接收信息的村民，缺乏对书面语言的理解能力。三是相对琐碎的村民意见常常不能在成果中被展现，重要信息被遗漏。乡村规划(竞赛) 的成果图件导向，符合规划专家和管理者的思考逻辑及思维模式，却并非以让村民读懂、接受和遵守为目的，在对村民意见进行深层次归纳梳理方面，不仅缺乏经验，还缺乏相应的手段。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">以竞赛或者示范为动因的乡村规划，是当前乡村规划领域具有普遍性和代表性的规划形式，同时又是完成乡村规划教育的方式。如果乡村规划(竞赛) 一味迎合政府部门工作业绩，不仅容易导致忽视村民的需求，还会导致乡村规划的失败，致使以此为载体的乡村规划教育失于偏颇，最终导致政府投资的浪费。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">04</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对乡村规划的思考</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">乡村规划竞赛和示范项目是当前乡村规划的主要形式，同时也是乡村规划教育的主要形式。因此，乡村规划存在什么样的问题，也就意味着乡村规划教育存在相应的问题。</span><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>4.1  乡村规划应关注村民诉求，顺应乡村治理模式</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">首先，乡村规划是对不同于城市社会群体和生活聚落而开展的规划。在居民身份认同、收入、福利分配、社会保障、生活模式和居住环境方面都与城市地区存在很大差异。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">其次，乡村社会治理机制有其特殊性。村民自治是基层民主的重要形式之一，村集体拥有《宪法》(2018年)赋予的、决定村内公共事务和公益事业的权力。因此，应从法律渊源层面认识到乡村规划是一种基层自治机制，是自下而上发展意愿与自上而下管制权力共同作用的领域，它的实施和责任既要落实在乡村自治主体上，又要适度接受国家行政权力的指导。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">最后，探索和运用适宜乡村的规划语言和表达方式，要关注农村土地制度，重视土地的权属特征和空间特征。同时，探索适应村民需求和意愿的沟通渠道与方式，尤其是在现场调研、意愿征询、成果交流和形成决策等重要环节，积极采用多元参与模式。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>4.2  乡村规划应注意优势互补，积极推动多学科合作</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">城乡规划视域的乡村规划并不是“万能药”，需要与社会治理等其他学科视域的乡村规划展开合作，达到优势互补：一是“委托代理”关系的路径。从梳理乡村社会自治的社会历史成因和基本法律精神入手，尊重和强化村级自治组织的主体性地位，强调乡村规划向村民服务和负责，将乡村规划内置于地方治权。二是延续城乡规划编制体系向农村地区延伸的路径。将城乡规划视作地方一级政府对辖域进行城乡统筹考虑时所采取的技术性手段和管治工具，并在村镇体系规划和村庄总体规划方面进行深化。也有学者认为应采用新的规划类型，如城乡统筹规划、城乡总体规划和土地分区规划等，实现技术体系在辖域内的一贯性和完整性。三是将乡村规划作为协调多个政策性项目的平台，引导其拆解为多个可以落地的建设工程。关于第一条路径的合理性、可行性和必要性显然讨论得较少。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(44, 110, 213);font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>4.3  乡村规划应有正确的价值取向</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">首先，乡村规划要明确以“服务谁”为重。在村民、村民委员会和基层政府三者之间，乡村规划应更多考虑村民诉求，关注乡村自治特征、村民间的差异化、不断变化的利益诉求和复杂的土地权属等问题；积极发挥价值引导者的角色，尤其在规划建议与村民、村民委员会和基层政府意见相左时，要做到凝聚力量、排除异议，形成共同的行动纲领。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">其次，在促进“农业、农村、农民”发展时既要有所作为，又要实事求是。农业发展了才能够改善农民的经济处境，农村才能发展成为宜居、宜业之地，乡土文明才能得以延续；同时，应避免在制定乡村规划时一味强调对乡村空间的“消费”，而忽视农村地区社会经济的全面振兴。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">最后，乡村问题的另一面是城市问题，它们是“一枚硬币的两个面”。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">05</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">结语</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">尽管城乡规划视域下的乡村规划在价值观、编制体系和解决问题的方法路径方面对形成良好有序的城乡关系具有正面影响作用，但是其依然存在体系方面的知识短板。对此的反思有积极意义。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(1) 乡村规划促使土地制度议题在城乡规划领域受到广泛的重视，重功能使用，轻土地权属的情况得到扭转。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(2) 乡村规划与城乡治理模式关系的讨论逐步成为核心议题。编制乡村规划并对其实施进行管理和引导，是依赖于规划行政管理权还是自治组织，取决于农村社会的治理模式。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">(3) 城市地区的农民工问题与农村地区的产业衰落问题，既互为因果，又融为一体。乡村振兴之路或许不仅在于农村，还在于城市。城乡之间需要更好、更公平的就业环境、资源交换去化解空间生产过程中资本积累与社会需求之间的不平衡、不充分。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">城乡规划学术和实践群体介入乡村地区，是对农村问题的研究和实质性解决，同样也是对城市问题的认识和解决。城乡差异的存在，需要学界不断积极弥补、凝练和传授所缺知识，改变忽视制度性因素的状况，发挥乡村规划对于我国当代城乡关系的作用与意义。</span></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor"><p><br  /></p></section><p style="text-align:justify;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-inline-size: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;cursor: text;max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;outline: none 0px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文章全文详见《规划师》杂志2019年16期《当前乡村规划问题反思与策略——以乡村规划设计竞赛为剖析对象》</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 12px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">文章来源：</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 12px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">2019年16期《规划师》杂志</span></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 12px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">文章转自：</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 12px;caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">规划师杂志</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align:left;line-height: 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