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<section style="margin-bottom: 15px;"><img class="rich_pages __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.2857142857142857" data-s="300,640" data-type="gif" data-w="700" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BNdS23Z3kicfW39BDuBzWq1U0th2ZUE6Bx30MH66QlmndLUzYsQ24jkGTTPtw81gwQM5ZppF5vdfdRTDSJRhHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-color="section.wzdbjq-bgc:background-color;" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: start;white-space: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 20px;padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 231, 241);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(255, 171, 171);border-radius: 50%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;padding: 20px 10px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(184, 184, 184) 0px 0px 5px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);transform: rotateZ(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">耕地重心向东北和西北转移，平原地区优质耕地“非农化”，是一种逆种植业自然资源优势的变化，必须通过国土空间规划来解决这种“市场失灵”：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在宏观地理尺度上尽可能保护好湿热气候区的耕地；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在中观地貌尺度上尽可能保护好平原坝区的耕地；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在微观田块尺度上尽可能保护有灌溉排水等基础设施良好的耕地</span>。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section><p style="margin-top: -3px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.06315789473684211" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/BNdS23Z3kicfH3FFyjzs7JQ4qW5oeXVbdfhD8kiacqfTKsibhY95ibibo42pczCedXicITNxBHcd2OV9nKjtBkQ5zXFQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="570" style="width: auto;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;width: 0px;height: 0px;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: start;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="285" data-backw="400" data-ratio="0.7125" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/BNdS23Z3kicfH3FFyjzs7JQ4qW5oeXVbdmDnUJicGuK9g84NVPrhbkzr1UAsNvlTpenBEacscDdfIyzicLMkj1P8Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="400" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);width: 578px;"  /></span></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: start;margin-bottom: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">耕地是农业发展之要、粮食安全之基、农民立命之本，也是社会稳定的保障。</span><span style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">一直以来，党中央、国务院高度重视耕地保护。</span><span style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">在最严格的耕地保护制度下，在近40年的经济<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">高速</span>发展和快速城市化进程中，我们守住了“18亿亩耕地红线”。</span><span style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">但是，耕地保护形势依然不容乐观：</span><span style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">耕地重心正从东南湿热地区向东北温凉地区和西北温干地区转移，平原特别是城市周边土层深厚和有灌溉排水条件的优质耕地被大量“非农化”。</span></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">经济区位造成的这种耕地的空间位移是市场经济发展的一种必然。但是，耕地重心向东北和西北转移，平原地区优质耕地“非农化”，是一种逆种植业自然资源优势的变化，对“中国人要牢牢把饭碗端在自己手里”是一种威胁。因此，必须通过国土空间规划来解决这种“市场失灵”：在宏观地理尺度上即国家层面上，尽可能保护好湿热气候区的耕地；在中观地貌尺度上即省市尺度上，尽可能保护好平原坝区的耕地；在微观田块尺度上即县乡层面上，尽可能保护有灌溉排水等基础设施良好的耕地<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">。</span></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px) rotateY(180deg);opacity: 0.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 1 1 auto;height: 2px;background-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 0 auto;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);border-radius: 50%;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(201, 161, 11);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.3;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">宏观地理尺度，</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 2.4px;color: rgb(74, 71, 71);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">保护好湿热气候区的耕地</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 1 1 auto;height: 2px;background-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 0 auto;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);border-radius: 50%;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">常言道，“万物生长靠太阳”，“水是地球上一切生命活动的源泉之一”。</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">光、温、水是决定耕地生产潜力的3个主要</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">因素。</span></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">众所周知，温度对一个地区的作物布局、耕作制度十分重要，任何作物生长和农业生产活动都要在一定的温度条件下进行。如水稻生长成熟需要2500℃～3200℃的≥10℃活动积温，玉米生长成熟需要2200℃～3000℃的≥10℃活动积温；而冬小麦生长成熟需要1700℃左右的≥10℃活动积温，谷子只需要2000℃左右的≥10℃活动积温就能够成熟。</p><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">以温度为指标，可划分为不同的气候带，各气候带适宜种植的作物不同，耕作制度也不一样。如我国东部地区自北而南：在北温带，一般不能种植大田作物，只有其靠近南部中温带的边缘地区，才能种植短生长期的马铃薯、荞麦；在中温带，适种作物是玉米、冬小麦、大豆，只能一年一熟；在暖温带，适种作物是玉米、冬小麦、甘薯、棉花，可实行两年三熟或一年两熟制；在北亚热带，适种水稻、小麦、棉花等，可一年两熟 （麦-稻或油-稻）；中亚热带一般可以双季稻，一年两熟；南亚热带是我国主要的双季稻区，可一年三熟（包括一茬绿肥）；热带地区可一年三熟。毋庸置疑，亚热带红壤地区一年两熟的双季稻产量比温带地区黑土一年一熟的单季稻产量高，即使其土壤有机质含量不如黑土高。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">再看水分。作物通过自身的根部吸水和叶片的水分蒸腾组成了一套完整的运输传递系统，使溶于水的各种矿物质营养可以输送到植株体的各个部分，在光合作用下，合成碳水化合物等各种有机物，即我们的食物。水分不足会抑制植物的光合作用，降低有机物的合成速度。比如：我国暖温带的塔克拉玛干大沙漠，太阳辐射强、温度高，土地光温生产潜力也相当高，但因为干旱缺水，大部分是不毛之地，只有在绿洲才可看到生机，也只能在有水灌溉的地方才可发展种植业。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">因此，在地理纬度上，必须保护好南方温暖地区的耕地，因为那里可以发展一年两熟或多熟的农业；在地理经度上，必须保护好东部湿润地区的耕地，因为那里降水量多，可以发展灌溉农业，即使是旱作农业，靠自然降水也可保障作物正常生长。比如：地处温带湿润地区的黑土，依靠自然降水，可以支撑玉米正常生长成熟；而同处温带半干旱地区的栗钙土，依靠自然降水，在平水年和丰水年，玉米还可正常生长，但遇到干旱年份就可能绝收<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">。</span></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px) rotateY(180deg);opacity: 0.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 1 1 auto;height: 2px;background-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 0 auto;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);border-radius: 50%;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(201, 161, 11);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.3;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中观地貌尺度，</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 2.4px;color: rgb(74, 71, 71);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">保护好平原坝区的耕地</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 1 1 auto;height: 2px;background-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 0 auto;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);border-radius: 50%;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">在关中平原，小麦不用灌溉一般也可正常生长。</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">当地老百姓常说：</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">“秋后一场雨，收了。</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">”原因何在？</span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">平原是负地形，是物质的积聚地，其地形平坦、土层深厚。一来，地形平坦则可机械化耕种，进行规模化经营。在城市化有更多非农就业机会的情况下，耕地就不容易被边际化。二来，土层深厚则保蓄水分和养分的能力强。即使是降大雨，水分也可以保持在土壤中，在旱季供作物利用。关中平原像海绵一样的深厚黄土，将秋雨完完全全地收蓄在土壤中，源源不断地供冬小麦生长。土层厚则含蓄能力强，还可以减少氮磷淋失造成的面源污染。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">而与平原不同，山地与丘陵是物质的辐散地，容易产生水土流失。山地丘陵区土壤还具有土层薄、土壤粗骨性的特点。这不但限制植物的扎根，而且土壤持水容量低，容易发生干旱。土壤含有大量岩屑砾石，漏水漏肥，保蓄能力低，也易遭干旱。石质山地甚至还有大量岩石露头，影响耕作。因此，山地丘陵区不宜种植需要耕作的作物，而宜于发展林业或牧业。我国山地丘陵区存在大量耕地，完全是因为人多地少，为了温饱而不得不“广种薄收”。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">自古以来，绝大多数城市、城镇都选择建在平原上，即便在山区也会建在山地围拢的河谷平坝上。在过去“摊大饼式”城镇化路径下，城镇化与平原区耕地保护之间的矛盾也日益凸显，平原或平坝的耕地被大量占用。在城镇化进程中守住粮食安全，我们必须尽可能地保护好平原区的优质耕地，让城镇尽可能向山地丘陵区发展。其实，城镇建在山地丘陵区，是有利于城市排水、防止洪泛发生的；在人们欣赏自然和生态的今天，建在山地丘陵区的城镇更优美，因为山地丘陵区，高低错落，景观丰富，生物多样性高。对于那些在冲积平原和滨海平原的大城市，更应该将耕地纳入城市绿色空间，用永久基本农田防止城市“摊大饼”式蔓延和作为“城镇增长边界”，利用耕地的生态功能减少热岛效应等“大城市病”。</section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px) rotateY(180deg);opacity: 0.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 1 1 auto;height: 2px;background-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 0 auto;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);border-radius: 50%;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(201, 161, 11);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.3;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微观田块尺度，</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 2.4px;color: rgb(74, 71, 71);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">保护有良好基础设施的耕地</strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.4;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 1 1 auto;height: 2px;background-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 0 auto;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(201, 161, 11);border-radius: 50%;line-height: 0;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: justify;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;">灌溉和排水系统，是劳动人民将长期劳动投入固化在耕地上的基础设施，也是高产稳产的保障。</span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">在干旱区，没有灌溉就没有农业，劳动人民发明了“坎儿井”，利用雪山融水潜入山前洪积扇形成的地下水灌溉。在沿海低湿平原，劳动人民修建排水沟，不但消除洪水泛滥的影响，还降低地下水位，淋洗土壤养分，使盐碱地变成良田。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">近年来，我国通过大力实施土地整治，又让大面积的“三跑田”（跑水跑土跑肥）变成了“三保田”（保水保土保肥），将低洼受盐渍影响的盐碱低产田变成没有盐碱和渍涝危害的高产田，甚至让一些旱地变成了水肥一体化的高标准农田。</section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;text-align: justify;">良田良用是大计。无论是百姓自发修建的灌溉排水设施，还是当地政府通过土地整治改善的农田基础设施，对于耕地的高效利用来说都至关重要，需要好好经营管护。而这些有着良好灌溉排水系统的耕地，往往地平连片，可以机械化耕种，不容易被边际化，更加需要保护好<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文由中国自然资源报社微信公众号“”独家编辑。</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">未经授权，谢绝媒体（包括公众号）转载。转载请在醒目位置标注来源：。</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">张凤荣 </span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;">编辑：李严</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">审核：赵建东</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 10px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -26px;margin-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 2em;border-right: 1em solid rgb(232, 56, 13);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -2em;margin-right: 7px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 2em;border-right: 1em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 2em;border-right: 1em solid rgb(232, 56, 13);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(232, 56, 13);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自然资源报 自然都需要</strong></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 2em;width: 1em;border-left: 1em solid rgb(232, 56, 13);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box 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