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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjmxluiaibfHicDFIBqHPEdEuToZZobibMIt2MiczSyfNelkzb507fDpvTdr15eicQibzclmnHxOHmqkLZzA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjmxluiaibfHicDFIBqHPEdEuToZZobibMIt2MiczSyfNelkzb507fDpvTdr15eicQibzclmnHxOHmqkLZzA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院风景园林系硕士研究生纪然，苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院风景园林系主任、副教授、硕士生导师丁金华在《规划师》2019年第20期撰文，苏南乡村地区具有典型的乡村水网空间特点，随着现代化城乡建设的发展，其原本的水乡空间特色逐渐消解，从生态系统服务供需平衡角度探讨其空间形态重构路径十分有必要。文章以苏州南星湖片区为研究对象，在走访调研和文献爬梳的基础上，剖析水网乡村在八大维度上的水生态系统服务能力，根据乡村水生态系统服务效能供需匹配分析评价结果，反思当前规划中乡村空间形态的问题，从宏观—中观—微观三个层面提出乡村水网空间形态的重构策略，以期最大化地发挥水生态系统服务的作用，为新时代水网乡村空间形态的重构及水生态系统服务效能的优化提供新的思路。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 水网乡村；水生态系统服务；空间形态重构；苏州南星湖片区</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)20-0005-08　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ] 纪然，丁金华．基于水生态系统服务供需关系的苏南乡村空间形态重构[J]．规划师，2019(20)：5-12．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需关系理论</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最早出现的与水生态系统服务供给<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关的概念是生态承载力。生态承载</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力代表了特定区域的资源供给，但这并不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">代表所有的资源都能有效供给人类。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">简而言之，水生态系统服务供给是水生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">系统能够提供的资源与服务，并且在特定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的时间与空间范围内能够实际使用，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其重点是水生态系统服务供给的有效性和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">可获得性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务需求的定义从不<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同的角度看可以有不同的解读。从消费</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">角度看，水生态系统服务需求是特定水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境的时空范围内能够被消费的生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统服务; 从社会或个人偏好的角度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">看，水生态系统服务需求是社会对于水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境的需要或期望的生态系统服务。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也有一些学者认为，对水生态系统服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的需求是为获取或者保护水域环境生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统服务所愿意付出的支付意愿。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务往往还包括潜在的需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求，因此将社会意愿作为水生态系统服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务需求的衡量标准，更符合人类福祉的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">只有人类对于水生态系统有需求，水<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统的供给过程才能够形成服务。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务由人类社会经济系统的多</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种需求共同组成了需求方，不同维度的服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务共同组成了供给方。需求方与供给方的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不平衡产生需求差异，从而驱动水生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务的管理，即空间形态的重构过程，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">促使供给方提供供给调控，最终通过供给</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调控使得水生态系统服务可持续，并最大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化地满足需求方的预期( 图1)。水生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务效能的发挥需要供给方与需求方进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行协调。水生态系统服务的持续供给是可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">持续发展的基础，人类社会和经济活动所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">产生的水生态服务需求必须在水生态服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可持续供给范围内。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5235849" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TjibqfRZZP22wCVE3HcM6A0ickEiab900TR61eUl6DHJIkFqhjtz7dkmBQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">苏南水网乡村水网空间形态特征</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">苏南水网乡村地区的原生空间形态<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是典型的水陆双棋盘格局，水网密布、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">河塘众多，形成了稳定安全的水网空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态格局。但是随着乡村经济的发展和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村振兴的推进，工业生产空间和旅游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间对传统的苏南水网乡村空间形态造</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成了冲击，原本稳定安全的生态格局变</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">得破碎，引发了水系断裂、斑块破碎、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">淤泥堆积和内涝等问题，出现了水生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统服务效能供需不匹配现象。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了解决当前苏南水网乡村地区的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水环境问题，需要从水生态系统服务供</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需平衡的视角制定一系列的重构策略，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以重新构建良好的水生态系统安全格局，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提升水生态系统服务效能供给量。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于供需关系的水生态系统服务</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">效能评价</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据联合国千年生态发展评估报告，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统服务主要包括供给性服务、调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">节性服务、支持性服务及文化性服务。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本次研究强调覆盖此四大类型的水生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统服务综合效能的评价，从水生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务效能供需匹配的角度分析水网乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村空间形态问题。基于水生态系统服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的典型服务类型，构建水网乡村水生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统服务供给效能评价体系，提取能反</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">映空间形态的指标因子。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务的需求往往是潜在<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的，是社会意愿的反映，受到生态、历</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">史等多种因素的影响。研究依据研究对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">象的现状特性，选取周边景观资源、周</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边产业分布、周边人口密度和周边用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型4项代表性指标，分析其水生态系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务需求效能的高低，得到综合需求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了探究中小尺度的水网乡村水生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态系统服务效能的供需匹配问题，研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以典型的苏南乡村水网空间为研究对象，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过5个步骤，建立乡村水网空间形态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">因子与场地所需水生态系统服务之间的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">响应关系：①通过文献爬梳及实地调研，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对水网乡村的传统空间形态进行转译，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">得到指标因子，构建GIS评价模型，并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">利用AHP 法分析获得指标权重及赋值，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">得出水生态系统服务供给效能。②通过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">实地调研及土地利用数据，借助AHP法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">确立权重，得到生态系统服务需求量。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">③根据水生态系统服务的供给效能和需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">求效能，对评价结果进行比对和拟合分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">析，转化成定量化的雷达图，分析乡村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">水网空间的水生态系统服务效能的供需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">匹配关系及影响机制。④基于水生态系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">统服务效能供需匹配，分析苏南乡村水网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间形态问题并提出重构策略。⑤基于乡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村水网空间重构策略，对预期的水生态系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">统服务效能进行反馈，确立高效的重构策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">略并实施( 图2)。研究以苏州吴江南星湖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">片区为实证，在中小尺度层面具体分析影</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">响乡村水网空间水生态系统服务效能供需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不匹配的关键空间形态因子，并提出重构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">策略，为水生态系统服务效能供需平衡及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村水网空间形态重构提供参考。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7760252" data-w="634" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TVnHibbRBnfOJTYt5L4kuuCljdGQDBeZeGTQicyyTMFS0RBuPg1usU46w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">苏州南星湖片区水生态系统服务</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">效能供需评价</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）案例地区概况</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究所选的研究区域为位于吴江区<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的南星湖片区，属于太湖平原区，河网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">密布，水系纵横，总面积为32km2。研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究区域包括南星湖、石头潭等主要水域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及其他交错的河流湖荡，且紧邻同里古</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇。区域内村落密布，大多呈水陆双棋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盘的格局(图3，表1)，水系类型丰富，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有研究的典型性。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2162162" data-w="333" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TGBvQc1IRzibv8W3fRKU8TsY3E4yhskVkfNWZPzCXxibtGJhtbheTuw1w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6487342" data-w="632" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9Tibt21XPNONy1iauha8mXTSYQiaicKB2ewr3tQ8Q26ibgpEicfhdpuQWNXJkg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）水生态系统服务效能供需评价方法</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务供给效能评价</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标及权重确立</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究以实地调研数据和高清遥感影<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">像数据为基础，采用定量评价体系对水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统服务供给效能进行评价。研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分成4个步骤，即对水生态系统核心服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务的定义、空间数据的走访收集、指标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权重的确立以及数据的参数化和空间图</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">示化。研究通过对苏南水网乡村传统空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间形态的现场调查、文献溯源和分析，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对乡村水网原生机制中的空间形态进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">解读，对当代水网乡村空间形态因子进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行转译，为评价生态系统服务综合效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能提供依据(表2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9652449" data-w="633" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TIdTKJApEcd9QkBZqWibDenaRD1hAgPq2mPoGCst3wlP8gPyfOpMFiceQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究利用AHP法来确定各指标权<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重，首先构建递进的层次结构模型，将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所包含的因子分组，每组作为一个级别，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以最高层、相关的中间层和最低层的形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式排列(图4)；其次，将12 位专家打</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分的意见导入专家数据库，基于专家对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于各个层次指标间相对重要程度的判断</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">意见，得到最终的判断数值，并利用判</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">断数值来形成判断矩阵；最后，基于已</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成的判断矩阵，使用层次单排序和层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">次总排序得到各个准则层及指标层的权</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重，对前期通过田野调查及高清遥感影</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">像获得的数据进行预处理，征求12位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">专家的意见进行指标赋值打分，最终根</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据相应指标和权重计算出水生态系统服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务价值。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.504717" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TVVVV3OicXYEecNRm4l9Tx92DUvjtibZRaphN54ciaO0XNXWe6UWibvKhYw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务需求效能评价</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及对应指标量化</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究基于前期的现状田野调查，通<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过南星湖片区的周边景观资源、周边产</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">业分布、周边人口密度和周边用地类型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">四大维度来分析其水生态系统服务的需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求效能，并利用AHP 法确定其各个层级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的权重，构建相应的递进层次结构模型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图5)，得到对应的层次排序结果后征求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">专家意见确定相应指标赋值。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.470679" data-w="648" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TAnvuHHUqSsPJz1qdIicStyztxkKOCW0gGFbw3tjUUWyq34zqkqMWqUw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需匹配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">雷达图转化方法</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究以雷达图的形式对南星湖片区<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需匹配关系进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定量化表达，直观地表现不同水生态分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的服务效能供需匹配程度。具体步骤</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为：在确立供需效能权重的基础上，计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">算出不同水生态功能分区在八大维度上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的服务量数值，并利用Excel进行数据的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">预处理和筛选，根据对应的数据生成对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应的雷达图。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）水生态功能分区</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究基于南星湖片区现状分析，遵<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">循水生态功能分区的原则，根据区域水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统内在的客观规律，以乡村水网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的水生态功能为基础进行水生态功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能分区，以便于后期进行供需匹配分析</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及分区空间形态规划。研究根据南星湖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区水域生态功能的现状条件，分析其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能需求，最终将南星湖片区划分为湖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">荡净化区、湿地净化区、排污控制区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农业生产调蓄区、景观休闲区和缓冲过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">渡区六大分区(表3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5448916" data-w="646" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TgF2e3jTO2XL9HRGvKx3pDd7mfoC9Ym1qgLicauOW7BLc8Zl3SksyY9w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）水生态系统服务综合评价结果</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究根据前期指标和对应权重，参照<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">专家对指标的赋值结果，确立了南星湖片</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区水生态系统服务综合效能评价的指标体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系，并从对南星湖片区的走访调研及高清</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">遥感影像数据的分析中得到原始数据，经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过加权公式的计算，得到南星湖片区水生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态系统服务供需效能的服务量(表4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3338558" data-w="638" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TSia3s55txF5kxFp8HnmW3O5WIxAI4NjIouu11mF2aN1YGt1tBMZILDw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究对水生态系统服务效能的供需<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估采取的是加权计算的方式，即将各</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个层次指标的权重，通过实地调研、遥</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">感影像等方式获取的数据，以及相关的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标因子分值进行加权计算，最终获得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需服务量。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="2.1324503" data-w="302" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TL0UUgM0h5TC0bSxw2icOgNlCaWpTrRicUvsia3ZdHCp3QLF3YXZKJ1Jvw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.水生态系统服务效能供给结果</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究根据计算得到的南星湖片区水<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统服务供给效能的服务量，对其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行可视化表达(图6)，获得南星湖片</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区不同空间形态区域的供给服务现状。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7044025" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TpiaMonMCufDibllUezpR6yYXJOBia8BEfIicqfold9pSCZFgIGiaBYRblfw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结果表明，南星湖片区以南星湖和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">石头潭两大水域为核心，形成了传统的苏</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南水网乡村格局，该区域是供给效能最高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的区域。此外，思古浜、南店圩等片区都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提供了较为高效的供给服务。但是靠近城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">镇的白米湾、叶泽湾片区极易受到城镇的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">干扰，导致调节服务的能力下降。同时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整个南星湖片区水生态系统的文化服务能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力较低，除了在思古浜和北圩区域有相对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">集中的艺术工作室等文化设施，其他片区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鲜少有文化设施的辐射。整体上看，南星</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湖片区呈现出综合服务能力较好、各服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型不均衡的状态。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.水生态系统服务效能需求结果</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究计算得到南星湖片区水生态系<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统服务需求效能的服务量，并对其进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可视化表达(图7)。南星湖和石头潭作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为整个片区的主要水域，表现出极高的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务需求，南星湖片区北部是以传统农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作经济为主的乡村区域，拥有众多农田</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鱼塘，具有较高的服务需求。思古浜、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">叶泽湾等区域靠近同里古镇景区，自身</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的文化服务设施较多，因此其文化需求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高而供给需求低。石头潭片区原本是传</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统的江南圩田空间，但是受到城镇化的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影响，目前更多的是对旅游和文化方面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的需求，对服务需求也较低。整体上看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南星湖片区的水生态系统服务需求较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高，但是与供给效能的区域不匹配。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7068966" data-w="638" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TFf7KCRQo2tEot28rtY5vIiaZkq9Eu16WPrvDibAtFvFcj4yPnibM7kkeA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）水生态系统服务供需效能匹配程度分析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需匹配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">雷达图分析</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究将南星湖片区水生态系统服务<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的供给效能评价结果与需求效能评价结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">果进行比较，以八大水生态系统服务功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能为核心进行计算。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5408805" data-w="318" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TicqNxkPMkKK9h1QYYnIJW9EEOgBrkFMGJO18whREY8IB9237GwjEkrg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7491857" data-w="307" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9T6qAyjLLULWltaxq3x1FJvkaibu5IZSvwDetu0yHJbx3xciaI4xG9Dic5w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7570533" data-w="638" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TJ4TsnsW51Dnlzibs8YNibdvKjcsfOdnRkq2AAHsxbwOm2bfnK4MQABiaA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需匹配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影响因子分析</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究基于对各水生态功能区的水生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态系统服务效能供需匹配分析，将各水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态功能区的服务量值、供需差异情况</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与各单因子指标进行拟合对比，分析其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务量值的高低、供需匹配的情况与各</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">单因子之间的影响关系。探讨影响不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态功能区服务效能供需不匹配的关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">键空间形态因素，将各区域的服务效能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供需匹配情况分为匹配且高效、匹配但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低效和不匹配三种情况，并对不同分区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的典型水网空间进行了总结。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 湖荡净化区和湿地净化区的水生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态系统服务的供给效能和需求效能匹配程</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度较高，且分值都相对较高，属于供需效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能匹配且高效的类型。其中，湖荡净化区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以南星湖和石头潭两大水域为主，主要功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能为生态保护；湿地净化区包括长白荡、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">清水荡等主要水域，是乡村水网空间多年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展形成的自然湿地区域，虽然面积不大，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是对区域的水质净化及生态调节具有重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要作用，特别是其中的滨水绿化带宽度、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水系割裂数量、乔木覆盖率和生态设施等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因子，对于水质净化及生态调节都起到了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">至关重要的作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 缓冲过渡区水生态系统服务的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供给效能和需求效能匹配程度较高，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是总体分值都相对较低，属于供需匹配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但低效的类型。缓冲过渡区需要多个因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">子共同作用才能发挥缓冲带及水环境净</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化的作用，如黄泥溇区域水系断裂、滨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水绿化带退化，这些因子未能完全发挥</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积极作用，导致该区域服务功能低效。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 农业生产调蓄区、排污控制区及<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">景观休闲区的水生态系统服务的供给效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能和需求效能匹配程度较低，且分值也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对较低，属于供需不匹配的类型。这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">三种区域是生产生活的主要集中区域，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中石头潭、九龙港都有着丰富的水系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">河道，大面积的水域、湿地河道、湖荡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">鱼塘及绿化带等都能发挥一定的正面作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用。但是叶泽湾自然缓坡及绿化带的退</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化、服务及排污设施的不足导致其服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能力低效。思古浜、俞家湾这些景观休</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">闲区则因休闲游憩场地、旅游服务设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不足，导致供需效能不匹配。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于水生态系统服务效能供需匹配</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">的苏州南星湖片区空间形态重构策略</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）规划水网生态节点，完善水网空间格局</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究结合南星湖片区水网乡村的水<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态功能分区需求和水生态系统服务效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能供需匹配的现状，确立其水网生态空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间格局(图9)，即“三横、三纵、多核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心，小踏板”。“三横、三纵”的生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">廊道囊括了主要水系，与重点水域节点</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共同形成水域生态廊道，并通过疏通连</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">接水系、在连接困难的区域新开河道等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">措施，加强廊道的生态作用。“多核心”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是南星湖片区的主要水域基质，研究确</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">立了关键水域斑块，特别是南星湖水域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是属于自然保护区的水域，也是重点保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">护区域，在空间形态的规划上需要划分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">禁止建设的红线以保证自然水域的生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态作用。“小踏板”是由南星湖片区的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多个水域斑块形成的生态节点，包括湖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">荡水域、水田湿地及其缓冲带，通过这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">些核心生态点的规划建设，可以实现水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统调节服务的目标，满足水生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统服务效能总体提高的需要。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1234177" data-w="316" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TLOS52m7cePoUx4FfdUO81Tgr5ibbL2bPzMGCDzleFBJswuJOlibXDd9A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）优化生态功能分区，提升缓冲净化能力</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究提出应优化排污控制区和净化<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的水生态功能，对长白荡、清水荡片</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区散布的湿地进行整合。从南星湖片区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体规划入手，在九龙港、俞家湾片区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过集中疏通水系，以及增加人工湿地、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">潜流湿地及栖息地等方式来增强南星湖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区水网的生态作用(图10)。对于王家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">潭等缓冲过渡区特别是以道路为主的缓</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">冲过渡区，通过增加滨水绿化带的宽度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及植被覆盖率来达到其需要的服务效能，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时借助缓冲绿化带的水体自净能力，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过潜流湿地、植物净化的结合来达到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护缓冲的作用(图11)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1424051" data-w="316" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9Tp5QEHbTpSWajl1bj7icFfxMUIiaCDqKibe2wYTtUQczS3x4EDsYQrtScQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5141509" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mg3JNvic3QguEYBicZAibxCg9TKyia1lL5biaAvYRKqY7yZsXlMyNLMASiajCyHfWWFjMAJ2mPFNB0eqiaVA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）结合工程技术手段，构建循环净化体系</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前期研究表明，影响水网乡村水环<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境的主要问题在于面源污染。以南星湖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区西部的思古浜为例，可以在点源污</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">染处增设倒灌闸，控制污染物的流入；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过增植滨水植物、提高植物覆盖率和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">营造多层次的水生植物群落，拦截地表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径流所裹挟的污染物，隔绝面源污染。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时，要加强人工污水处理设施的建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设，重新规划周边农田的排水方向，增</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">加生态农田景观中的生态明沟，将流经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农田的地表径流统一集中在生态明沟，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">再排入污水管网，避免农田污染物对水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境的污染。此外，还可以通过人工设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施将池塘的水泵入上游的人工湿地顶</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部，水自上而下缓缓流经潜流湿地与表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面流湿地，经过跌水曝气，最后回到池</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">塘中，达到排污的目的。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">六</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着乡村建设进程的推进，传统乡<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村空间受到了冲击，为了更好地适应当</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前的规划需求及生态环境的需要，应从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水生态系统服务效能供需关系的视角对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统的空间形态进行优化和重构。水网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地区的空间形态重构应以水为核心，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以生态系统服务供需关系理论为前提。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于水生态系统服务效能供需匹配关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的空间形态重构，将成为乡村水网空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形态重构的重要方式。本文通过构建水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网乡村水生态系统服务效能供需评估体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系，探究水网乡村水生态系统服务效能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的供需匹配现状，从匹配且高效、匹配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">且低效及不匹配三种类型，分析影响水</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网乡村水生态系统服务效能供需失衡的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键性因子及乡村水网空间的现存矛盾。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最终，从完善水网空间格局、优化生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能分区和构建循环净化体系三个方面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提出水网乡村空间形态重构的策略，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">达到乡村均衡和可持续性发展的目标。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年20期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年20期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>基于水生态系统服务供需关系的苏南乡村空间形态重构<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZV30oBaQUdWVeEicafcd1j7ibBjUW5gZUNM0Ngbic8diaJMTMwux5yicjegBLY1XNp0AZZRDLIRyYz6CzZZrIqHkHPw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建的现实困境与重构路径<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】国家公园体制背景下的自然保护地体系管理分类研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】国家公园双层边界划定思路与建议<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 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16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.605042" data-w="357" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjmxluiaibfHicDFIBqHPEdEuTPFZ3GcAsXNKgLIp4zX0iaPVckFw4Cr0oicS9WbibZ09ia3poHnaNkZSmOQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="850" 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translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" 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