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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISo53QtvENg7uvr6RiaMa6pbibCbjcIcCCOpkWpovbMcMQgFgF60UCLGRxA/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISo53QtvENg7uvr6RiaMa6pbibCbjcIcCCOpkWpovbMcMQgFgF60UCLGRxA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者浙江省城乡规划设计研究院刘曼，武汉大学城市设计学院教授、博士生导师王国恩在《规划师》2019年第20期撰文，文章遵循以人为本的理念，首先搭建包含结果—目的—目标—价值4个层面的城市总体规划实施评估框架，在探讨目标实现度的基础上，分析规划目标的合理性、实施结果的价值性；其次，形成政府组织+行业专家评估+ 社会公众的评估主体，使规划实施评估由“行业内审”转向“公共可审”；最后，从规划目标落实评估、城市用地布局及空间结构评估、规划实施结果绩效评估、政策运行评估、评估主体价值评估5个维度构建了多维度的评估体系。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(156, 94, 21), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ]以人为本；城市总体规划；实施评估</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)20-0026-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]刘曼，王国恩．以人为本理念下的城市总体规划实施评估框架与体系[J]．规划师，2019(20)：26-31．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本理念解析</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）注入理念——以人为本理念的理论指导</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本，泛指一种以人的需求为准则、以人的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">价值为尺度的理念。溯其本源，中西方均可找到。我</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国古代的民本理念其实与当今的以人为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本理念一脉相承，如孟子提出“民为贵，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社稷次之，君为轻”便是在阐述“人”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的需要是最为重要的。在西方，古希腊</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时期便产生了以人为本的理念，至中世</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纪，城市的快速发展促进了人与城市关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系的形成，人本理念越发昌盛；文艺复</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴时期，人本理念发展为强调、突出人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的价值。党的十六届三中全会明确提出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“坚持以人为本的科学发展观”，并将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其作为指导原则。事实上，以人为本是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">科学发展观要实现的最终目的，即实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人的全面发展必然要求城市规划实现其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最终目的——使城市的各项设施、要素能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满足城市市民的需要。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）深挖价值——城市规划的价值是以人为本</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以国家发展阶段为维度，中华人民<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共和国成立后我国城市规划的发展可分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为四个阶段(表1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4766355" data-w="642" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoWxmMteuvt7GulBiajjUAM2gtJicMJQzGiczaTVrFTBfsIuY2apx5PD95Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可见，21世纪以来，城市规划不再<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是纯粹服务经济建设的工具，其理念逐</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">渐转向以人为本，其最终目的是实现城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市健康、有机、持续的发展，从而构建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个可以为人服务的城市。人本理念下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的城市规划，必须着重关注社会需求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满足不同人群多元化的合理需求，落实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本的发展理念。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）建立依据——城市规划中人本理念的具体解析</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以城市中全体市民的根本利益</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为本</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本中的“人”应理解为全体<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在城市中居住的市民，其主体是人民。城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市规划的工作最终都是为了市民，把市民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的实际需求作为出发点和落脚点，与“以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">物为本”“以经济发展为本”等相对立。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">致力于满足市民的物质需求及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">精神需求</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人的需求及其现实满足程度是城市<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划及规划实施的基本出发点和价值尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度，主要包括物质需求和精神需求这两</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个层面(表2)。其中，物质需求是人生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">存的前提，精神需求是物质需要的导向，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是人全面发展的主要标志。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5683564" data-w="651" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoZ0eGr7WSI1ibicfdXibxg3mibicr0KFuqsiaS9PYzfhH6rIibvfq19tNxVfSQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">充分尊重市民在城市规划中的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主体地位，加强公共参与</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划工作不仅应把市民的利<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益作为工作的出发点和归宿，还应强调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尊重市民的主体地位，不能仅把市民作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为被动的接受者，应充分调动广大市民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">参与城市规划工作的积极性和主动性。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划在方案设计时应自下而上地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以市民的需求作为出发点，通过有效的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共参与，使普通市民参与到关系自己</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利益的各种规划决策中。规划实施后，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应充分调查市民满意度，了解规划的人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本效益。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本理念下城市总体规划</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">实施评估整合</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）评估框架</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者试图构建一种既能评估规划实<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施的实现度，又能评估规划实施是否产</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生价值的规划实施评估形式。该种方法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在公共政策评估领域已有涉及，如弗兰</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">克·费希尔提出的将实证分析和价值判断</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合起来进行评估的多重方法论框架结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3496933" data-w="652" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoiaevU2BZicVYDAXYN5PNWRqZhicw57iboDPMWliamcB4geLe6SlYWZN9M4Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">借鉴该政策评估框架，研究构建了<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人本理念下城市规划实施评估框架(表3)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从评估层次看，包含结果—目的—目标—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">价值4个层面，结果对应项目验证、目的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对应情景确认、目标对应社会论证、价值</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对应公共选择。城市规划实施评估不能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仅仅局限于物质性的结果实施程度或者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标符合度，而更应该看重规划整体目</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标的合理性、规划情景的适用性，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划方案结果对社会体系和社会价值的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">贡献程度、公众对实施结果的满意度等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方面的评估。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4307932" data-w="643" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISo6KBhD5QMsOXSLEETptcgfJzEXn7BbuBSjVrWSInkQ9sLQqc81EDMpA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）评估主体</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在进行规划评估时，评估主体一般<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有两种：一是单一主体，如各种规划方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案在评审或规划修编时，对上一轮规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的总结与评价，以政府及行业专家为主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导，实际是“行业内审”的模式；二是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多元主体，评估工作与多元利益主体均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有联系，评估工作“公众可审”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在人本理念下，城市总体规划实施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估主体呈多元态势，包含各行政组织、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济组织、行业组织和社会组织等，政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府作为决策者对规划实施评估起主导作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用，专家及第三方评估组织作为评估执</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行人员，各类社会工作者、非正式组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等为评估参与人员。人本理念下的实施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估使规划评估工作由“行业内审”转</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向“公共可审”。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三） 评估内容</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《城市总体规划实施评估办法(试<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行)》规定了六大类评估的内容，既有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划指标的落实评估，又有规划政策的监</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">督评估。建立人本视角下的规划实施评估</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系，旨在评估实施结果对人的效用，因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此应在该办法规定的评估内容中增添实施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结果绩效评估与规划主体价值评估，构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建“规划实施结果+ 规划实施人本绩效+</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实施过程”的多重内容，实施与价值相互</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">反馈的评估模式，以实现规划手段与目的、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估技术与价值的融合。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">概括而言，此次研究的评估内容包<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">含3个层面5个维度(图2)：第一层面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是事实层面的规划实施结果，包含城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地布局及空间结构评估、规划目标落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实评估；第二层面是价值层面的人本绩</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效评估，包含规划结果绩效评估及规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主体价值评估；第三层面是规划实施过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程评估，包含政策运行评估。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3513932" data-w="646" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISorvdsyCiamBItUzdYKDmLndhabRHrNl1MYfm2v0VIoUqlr7UMq14dqAA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）评估指标</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究围绕以人为本，关注物质要素<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的实施是否达到人期望的效果，是否满</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">足人的物质和精神需求，在以往实践中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">运用可测度指标的基础上，引入可感知</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标的概念，用以评价人对要素实施的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际感知效果。因此，研究将指标分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为可测度指标、可感知指标及二者兼有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的指标三类。例如，GDP是可测度指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但不可感知；道路网密度是专业测定道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路网服务水平的技术指标，虽可测度，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但不可感知；道路交通拥堵率和PM2.5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">污染程度既可测度又可感知；而如居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对城市建设的满意程度等为可感知指标，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但不可测度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究利用可测度指标测度规划实施<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结果，在事实层面进行评估；将单纯的测</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度型指标转化为既可测度又可感知的指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标，用其测度规划实施结果的人本绩效，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在价值层面进行评估。如对交通的评估，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事实层面的指标为道路网密度，价值层面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的指标为公交覆盖率、居民出行水平等；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对经济发展的评估，事实层面的指标为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">GDP总量等，价值层面的指标为人均可支配收入、家庭恩格尔系数等。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本理念下城市总体规划</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">实施评估体系的构建</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）构建思路与过程</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文章基于人本理念，首先从过程、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事实与价值三方面确定评估内容，并确</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定其对应的评估指标及指标类型；其次</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建整体评估模式，根据不同的评估内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容及指标选用相对合理的评估方法；最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">后构建实施评估指标体系(图3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4009434" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoKEtJVduf9A63fQjHNpJcWdRRTlBpOm6d9Klospk00nmUlbgyia942Vw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）评估内容</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 评估维度一——规划目标落实<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划目标落实评估以城市总体规划<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设定的目标为标准，主要评估城市规模、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济发展、城市可持续发展和城市环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各要素的实施程度，用以反映阶段性目</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标的达成情况(表4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4139021" data-w="633" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISooOMkia2bCFGAZB65Q1PjiadF4diaMic1205yt3saJ3k7uYn8CWBueu9VmA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 评估维度二——城市用地布局及<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间结构评估。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市用地布局及空间结构评估主要<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">考察城市发展按规划的空间结构与功能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">布局的落实程度，评估城市各项功能的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间建设状况(表5)。</span></p></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.2720125786163522" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoJbvSmGyb0NyxuyX80yXfQhs1JaC1SeSaOZHFxJt5ibLSod9Mhk7dPxw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="636" style=""  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 评估维度三——规划实施结果绩<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效评估。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划实施结果绩效评估主要是评估<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划实施结果对公众的实际绩效，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及城市实施的各项工作是否可以满足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公众的各类需求，为公众提供更好的生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活环境。研究从公众的物质需要和精神</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要两个层次，从经济发展、服务设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等6类要素进行评估(表6)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5732087" data-w="642" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoiaVWFfiaQnR8mKdiccb6bVvQrGtUicIeOXhVKBo2H7WwCUrZYvsCZcHrbw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 评估维度四——政策运行评估。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策运行评估主要是评估为保障城<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市总体规划的顺利实施而制定的一系列</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策与措施的落实情况，包含规划推进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策、规划保障政策及规划影响政策3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个要素(表7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="552" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="451" data-ratio="0.2535211267605634" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISokLrk9SUVVfQCNpxy6Ug1c23EhxTfjpxCgwlu9RMVNcRbFz3vdPDBYg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="639" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 574px;height: 146px;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5) 评估维度五——规划主体价值<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">评估主体不仅包含政府部门、行业<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">专家，还包含城市中的普通市民。该维</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度涵盖两个要素：规划公众参与度及公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">众满意度(表8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3807267" data-w="633" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoYnj2XCpT6sYK9jicYt8MyNjoR518CDxUdAxfnQDWsP9qiaCzFG2x4Vyg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）评估方法</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在具体的评估工作中，对于不同的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估内容及阶段，采用相对有效的评估</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法，以达成更好的效果(表9)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4857595" data-w="632" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoxDqGlyibjCKjc7A1Saic5RTicEL9QD2LsjtaIL26nvd7EO9nriavwmYU2A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）评估模式</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，研究从具体评估时段、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估逻辑、评估内容、评估方法和指标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型多维度构建实施评估模式(表10)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0108865" data-w="643" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoIxg9BjbSUy9bAtNibLmDnyBWDjOpNjcAc8YaVCqaeh1afK7FKlEqxww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）评估判断</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.具体指标量化及评定方法</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文涉及的指标包含测量型指标、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">感知型指标及既可感知又可测量的指标。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将三类指标放在同一个评估体系中，需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对感知型指标进行量化处理，而测量型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标及既可感知又可测量的指标也需进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行无量纲化处理，进而将不同单位的指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标转化为可统一进行处理、比较的数据。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">常用的量化方法主要有指标偏差法、分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级评价法、完成百分比及定性判断。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 完成百分比。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用实施值占规划目标值的百分比对<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划实施效果进行评估，常用于衡量政策</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">运行的指标、相关规划编制等。如表11</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所示，以控制性详细规划编制覆盖率的评</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">估为例进行示意。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1934477" data-w="641" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoqkicwCNLgv6LvyLvpL4u0MLnJnIicxskqhhibicApPTToXEk2ibeu8RZ1Ww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 指标偏差法。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以现状与规划的偏差情况作为依据，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据偏差百分比确定得分(表12)。一般</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计算方法为：指标偏差A=( 现状值—规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值)/规划值×100%。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1990741" data-w="648" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISohcABUyssx2asSrxInQ21uiaiaicyWtUgxejpwMQcBgiax2WNicnWbNawcRg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 分级评估。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">仅可感知的指标一般采用分级评估<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的方法进行量化，如对于公众满意度的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量化，根据发放问卷收回的数据，进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分级打分(表13)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1766562" data-w="634" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISoUAlqRNd8hSLvG4Jib2DEicwYoSwIoErFesIOvGWxia9v4wemlrlrOVm1A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 定性判断。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部分指标因其本身所代表的内容较<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为复杂，不可直接进行比较得出得分，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">该类指标在进行分析之后，采用定性判</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">断的方法进行量化处理。例如，对指标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通出行水平的计算，首先是分析交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">拥堵情况、交通拥堵时间、交通拥堵位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置和平均车速等，再综合地定性出指标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">得分；对绿地服务效能的计算，首先分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">析出公共绿地的覆盖范围，以及居民在5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分钟内、15分钟内、30分钟内可到达附</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">近绿地的比例，综合以上所有分析，定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性出指标的最终得分。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.评估结果判断</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 评估分级。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过以上方法，可得出各单因子指<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标的得分以及多因子的各要素得分、各</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">评估维度得分与总得分，并对评估结果</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行分级。研究首先对综合评估结果进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行分析，其次对各个维度的内容进行判</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">读，最后研究重要的单因子，以求得到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最为全面的评估结果。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 判断城市发展阶段及侧重点。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究利用事实层面(实施结果) 与价</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值层面(实施结果绩效) 相结合的评估内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容，试图辩证事实与价值，并从中得到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是否有偏差的结论，同时判断城市发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段及侧重点。若事实层面得分很高，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而价值层面得分低，说明政府建设一心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“以物为本”“以经济建设为本”“以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">GDP为本”等，而较少关注社会民生，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">该城市仍处于经济建设阶段；若价值层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面得分很高，事实层面得分很低，说明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府十分注重民生工程，将城市居民的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际需求、幸福放在首位，没有过多追</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求“面子工程”，城市处于构建和谐社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会阶段；若二者得分均高，说明城市在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设过程中形象、民生两手抓，城市发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展较为成熟。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 5px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p></section><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1;padding: 5px 5px 1px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 2px 1px 1px;border-style: dashed none none;border-color: rgb(44, 90, 160);padding: 0px;background-color: rgb(229, 240, 247);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 15px 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文遵循以人为本理念，构建了结<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果—目的—目标—价值4个层面的实施</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">评估框架，不再局限于物质性的结果实</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施程度或者目标符合度，更看中规划整</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体目标的合理性、规划实施结果对社会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众的贡献等方面的评估，将事实层面</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的内容(规划目标落实评估、城市用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布局和空间结构评估)与价值层面(规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实施结果绩效评估、规划主体价值评估)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的内容相结合，同时辅以规划实施过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(政策运行评估)，将评估内容分解为若</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">干评估指标，得出城市总体规划实施评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">估体系。此外，文章提出可感知指标、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可测度指标及既可测度又可感知型三位</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一体的指标体系。通过可测度指标测度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划实施结果，为专业人员评判提供便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利，进而在事实层面进行评估；而用可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">感知及既可测度又可感知的指标测度规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划实施结果的人本绩效，在价值层面进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行评估，实现事实与价值双重结合。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: right;line-height: 1;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top: 0.6em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.6em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/kjF3fw6WvsIeew4icgtdpnssSFYUDbwiaicdVNN7D3svHtSToYJtk0EvRTIU7d6kcMPgMV5RuVrQz3FsibvRswhutQ/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年20期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年20期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《以人为本理念下的城市总体规划实施评估框架与体系》</p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhzpHXMwic6ygc9ZGxgaPISo53QtvENg7uvr6RiaMa6pbibCbjcIcCCOpkWpovbMcMQgFgF60UCLGRxA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;text-align: left;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 8px;border-radius: 8px;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可打开链接）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;padding-left: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建的现实困境与重构路径<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】国家公园体制背景下的自然保护地体系管理分类研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】国家公园双层边界划定思路与建议<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word 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!important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛6】环境保护与地区发展的平衡之道——法国的大区自然公园制度与实践</p></section></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-left: -0.45em;border-top: 1em solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GRicVYZLDvMHWBLFQjqZpJOrOgWBe0Pf2VjTNq0fmiaUMfTr99YA9BicvcWy6Y1BzUFSzQZqicUusnGAJJMS56VN1g/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 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url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/xaVHTqV03sPG0gp5eacumeRPjZVXl7tyj1LavJzw9W0iaQHDjHDXCg5icibVYWTKuDfXNP76Isc1K7HauqqTam76g/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: 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