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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;padding-top: 1.3em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: -16px;margin-left: 30%;margin-right: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-left: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);border-top: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 22px;height: 22px;margin: 2px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 16px;margin: 1px auto auto;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;margin: 1px auto auto;border-left: 12px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;border-bottom: 12px solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方“”可订阅哦！</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;padding: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: white;box-shadow: rgb(225, 225, 225) 7.8px 7.8px 3px;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者四川大学建筑与环境学院王超深，四川大学建筑与环境学院讲师吴潇<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2019年第20期撰文，</span>主要商务中心和传统的商业中心是大都市区空间组织难度较大的区域，其组织绩效很大程度上决定了整个大都市区土地空间功效。文章以中心城区建设用地呈团状的大都市区为研究对象，重点研究了与中国大都市区空间结构较为类似且组织模式为公交导向的东京都市圈、首尔大都市区和巴黎大区的中心体系空间分布特征，在分析国内外大都市区中心体系空间特征共性与差异性的基础上，对中国大都市区中心体系及轨道网络的建设提出了建议。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 5px solid rgb(42, 118, 162);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(254, 183, 182);padding: 5px 0px;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 大都市区；中心体系；轨道环线；都市快轨</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)20-0083-07　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]王超深，吴潇．国外大都市区中心体系空间特征解析及规划启示[J]．规划师，2019(20)：83-89．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vpKxq4staSQ7YTfGCic3piaYkvzUlGcQmiaQa9BV5O7icB6HHyA7RUVOEskN9micIxQCeNodRynh29h3ib61HExTSsXw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(61, 60, 69);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;margin-top: -0.68em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 30, 41);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 19px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 5px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区中心的界定</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文参照墨菲指数界定法、中心界定方法，将<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区就业岗位密度大于3.5万人/平方公里，且空间范</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">围超过1km2的片区定义为都市区中心。从交通集散</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的视角看，都市区中心对外交通组织应以公共交通为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主，当对外交通出行方式中轨道分担率达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到40%，高峰小时重叠系数为0.8时，若</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以客流强度下限值计算，轨道分担量即达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到0.96万人，达到地铁(6B 编组) 理论</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">运能的20%左右，且这类都市区中心均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在中心城区范围内，轨道站为中途站而非</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">端站，轨道线路提供的实际运能仅为理论</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">运能的50%～80%。因此，若都市区中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心片区客流达到轨道实际运能的25%～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">40%，对轨道线路有较大的影响。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vpKxq4staSQ7YTfGCic3piaYkvzUlGcQmiaQa9BV5O7icB6HHyA7RUVOEskN9micIxQCeNodRynh29h3ib61HExTSsXw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(61, 60, 69);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;margin-top: -0.68em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 30, 41);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 19px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 5px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国外大都市区中心体系的空间特征</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3个大都市区地域单元构成及职住指标</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">归纳演绎是城市及区域系统空间优<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化的主要方法，因此在开展研究时选择的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例应尽量与中国大都市区接近。本文选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">取的3个大都市区——东京都市圈、首尔</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区和巴黎大区，空间尺度均在1.2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">万平方公里左右，3个大都市区人口规模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分别为3500万、2500万和1200 万，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人口高密度聚集区规模大都在600km2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">左右，这与中国特大城市划定的中心城区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范围基本接近。其中，东京区部的范围为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">622km2、首尔市的范围为605km2、巴</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">黎市与近郊三省的范围之和为726km2。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据不同区域就业岗位数量和就业密度，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这3个大都市区空间自内向外可划分为极</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核区、核心区、中心城区和郊区4个圈层，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各圈层的面积、范围、居住人口规模与密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度、就业岗位密度如表1所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.080315" data-w="635" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ib9UhvkCLIZic0KEfmQgFeEOZ8HIICjlIAzvUvpY628LHgYUbnXqg5dLA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3个大都市区中心体系空间分布特征</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3个大都市区中心体系空间分布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特征概况</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 东京都市圈中心体系现状特征。</p><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">东京都市圈形成了“都市区极核中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心—都市区副中心—近郊区业务核心城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市—远郊区业务次核心城市”四级中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系(图1)。都市区极核中心为东京站</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区的传统商业、商务、行政中心；都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市区副中心为山手线串联的新宿等7个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">副中心，新宿、池袋、涩谷距都心东京</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站6～8km；近郊区业务核心城市包括</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑波地区、埼玉市等距东京站约30km</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的城市；远郊区业务次核心城市包括熊谷</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市、八王子市等，距东京站约50km。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8820225" data-w="356" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibz7CpdFfZkicImPribfy7c5OTF7uxUPxiav5oWxXbOOKh0ujRMELj8icrZw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)首尔大都市区中心体系现状特征。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首尔大都市区形成了“都市区极核<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心—都市区副中心—近郊区首府城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和新城中心—远郊区新城中心”四级中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心体系(图2)。都市区极核中心为首尔</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市汉阳都城片区；都市区副中心为首尔</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市永登浦和江南，它们距离汉阳都城约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">9km；近郊区首府城市为仁川市行政驻</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地南洞区和京畿道行政驻地水原市，新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城中心为仁川市和京畿道下属的高阳市、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">富川市、安养市、城南市等；远郊区新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城中心包括乌山市、平泽市等。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1879699" data-w="266" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibnMjxPiaUbibCdjycfytK53qibjnbiby53icFGPAnSypzCvtDccBWEDUfXOw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 巴黎大区中心体系现状特征。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎大区现状形成了“1个极核中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心—9 个副中心—5 个新城中心”的中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系(图3)。其中，极核中心位于巴黎市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区，主要由1区、2区、8区、9区构成；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“9 个副中心”大都距巴黎圣母院8～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">15km，如拉德芳斯、圣但尼等，每个副</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心服务片区有数十万人；“5 个新城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心”位于距市中心25～35km的远郊，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如马恩拉瓦莱等。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8365651" data-w="361" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibp8gnR5UmaHhrHW7HmnwTTssuBAwysia2gibmT8RB7IB6qk8GGib8Z9phw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.空间分布特征的总体分析</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于大都市区不同等级中心均是区<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域就业中心，本文采用就业岗位密度来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总结不同区位中心空间特征。综上可知，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3个大都市区均形成了“极核中心、都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市区副中心和郊区中心”3～4级中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系(当郊区中心划分为近郊区中心和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">远郊区中心时，中心体系呈4级)，空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分布也呈现明显的圈层特征，在核心区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心城区外围和郊区一般会出现岗位密度依次下降的特征。如图4所示，按照</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距核心区几何中心的距离计算，d1一般为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3km，d2一般为6～9km，d3 一般为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">15～25km，三处中心有不同的能级和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">腹地。总体上看，各级中心具有明显的“趋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中型”特征，空间选址基本符合克里斯</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">泰勒提出的“中心地”理论，在同等外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部成本条件下，位于近似人口重心的中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心能够获得最大的劳动力池和市场腹地。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1167883" data-w="274" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ib7tc6zVEibx2M4ibp1RTb0JcOaAyM3tCrr2BWYdWvjq9q0R5SOicU9UmQA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国外发达大都市区传统的商业中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大都处在拥有较长发展史的历史文化街</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区或紧邻区建设。例如，东京站中心自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">德川幕府以来便是关东地区重要的中心，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明治维新后，东京站中心的范围不断扩</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大，形成了当前以银座片区为核心的都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市区极核中心；首尔大都市区的极核中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心为汉阳都城片区，自15 世纪以来一直</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是首尔的中心；巴黎大区的极核中心为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎市中心的1区、2区、8区、9区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数百年来一直是巴黎的中心。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中心体系势能值序列特征</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间组织的难点是位于中心城区范<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">围内的都市区中心，核心影响因素是规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模和密度。研究对3个大都市区中心势</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能值进行计量分析。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4741935" data-w="310" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibyrMg9WY2eHWcAMxccQtRsgnre9PIGwicwg9qdRg9cRnmHFGVlrQo6rQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从表2可以看出各大都市区中心体<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系服从一定梯度的等级序列和级差特征，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">极核中心的势能值大都明显高于副中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图5)。东京都市圈中心体系中都心的势</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能值是新宿的2.4倍，新宿的势能值是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">池袋(或涩谷、大崎) 的2.7倍，其他副</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心的势能值明显偏小；首尔大都市区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中汉阳都城势能值是永登浦副中心的6.9</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">倍，永登浦是江南的1.9 倍；对巴黎大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区中心体系而言，由于巴黎市严格控制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地开发强度，使得巴黎极核中心与拉</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">德芳斯副中心的势能值基本接近，但其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他副中心的势能值明显偏小。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6733436" data-w="649" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibo3ibWgTasPOeajmiaSBcX3yR2PtN8XzcEnRvtKqaTMtcJB9f5P7hDtRg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3643264" data-w="527" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibqkMNwaOx5Xw3qiaBOlJEMbVOhWbnNxNdRQR4oYCWz9pyj8AiaT1d7IzQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中心体系与轨道网络布局关系特征</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.都市区中心大都有轨道环线</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发达大都市区极核中心、都市区<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">副中心大都有高运量的轨道环线支撑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其发展。例如，轨道环线山手线长度为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">34.5km，拥有换乘车站24座，串联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了东京都心、新宿、池袋、涩谷等极核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心和都市区副中心；首尔地铁2号</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线长度为48.8km，拥有换乘车站16</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">座，串联了汉阳都城极核中心、江南</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">副中心和永登浦副中心；巴黎市由地铁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2号线和6号线组成的组合环线长度为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">25.9km，拥有换乘车站25座。可以看</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">出，轨道环线与中心城区几乎所有线路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">均能相交形成换乘站，能够便捷换乘。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，国外轨道环线列车编组较大、运</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">力较高，如山手线设有4 条股道，车辆</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">最大编组为10节，首尔地铁2号线类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">似于中国8A的编组，每列编组的运量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">达到近2500人，远高于常规6B编组</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">1440人的运能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前距巴黎市中心10km左右的8</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个副中心尚无快捷轨道环线串联，新版</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轨道线路规划提出了规划环线串联都市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区副中心的设想，这与团状大都市区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">副中心交通组织方式接近。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都市区中心片区轨道网络特征</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分析</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国外发达大都市区极核中心和副中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心由于土地开发强度整体较高，除有大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">运量轨道环线，还拥有都市快轨制式支</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">撑其与远郊组团的联系，同时具有轨道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站点密度高、集散能力强等特征。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 东京都市圈极核中心、副中心片<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区轨道网络特征分析。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">东京都市圈“一核七心”共8个中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心的土地开发强度均较高，除临海外，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其他中心的毛容积率均超过1.4(图6)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都心、新宿、涩谷、池袋和大崎的毛容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积率分别达到了3.3、3.5、2.7、3.1和3.9，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">远高于当前中国绝大多数城市CBD 核心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域的开发强度，如此高的开发强度得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益于都市快轨制式的支撑。此外，东京</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在都市区中心片区均为多线换乘枢纽，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在不足1km2的范围内布置多个轨道站，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分工明确，通过交通标志、标线措施实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现交通的有序组织。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9410431" data-w="441" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibgr9pZgjglDwhtK2ibKwibTiaLh4EsSiczhjuaVZBoUnQvozsrSHaV99Fgw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 首尔大都市区中心片区轨道网络<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">参数。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首尔大都市区3个高能级中心除拥<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有地铁2 号线外，还拥有都市快轨制式。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例如，汉阳都城、永登浦及江南3个中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心分别拥有京釜线、京仁线和新盆塘线。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，3个中心片区均拥有较高的轨道站</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">点密度，3个中心站点密度值分别为3.9</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">座/平方公里、2.0 座/ 平方公里和2.7</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">座/平方公里。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vpKxq4staSQ7YTfGCic3piaYkvzUlGcQmiaQa9BV5O7icB6HHyA7RUVOEskN9micIxQCeNodRynh29h3ib61HExTSsXw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(61, 60, 69);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;margin-top: -0.68em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 30, 41);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 19px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 5px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国内外大都市区中心体系空间特征比较及启示</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国内外大都市区中心体系空间特征共性分析</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.中心体系空间区位特征</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据相关学者对北京、上海和成都<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等大都市区中心的研究，研究在规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轨道网络上将这些大都市区中心的区位加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以表达，得到图7所示的结果。可以看出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3个城市极核中心和副中心均具有“趋中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性”的特征，北京国贸和上海陆家嘴极核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心均有轨道环线或紧邻轨道环线，北京</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的金融街副中心、中关村副中心，以及成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都的二仙桥副中心、茶店子副中心和火车</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南站副中心均在轨道环线上，这与东京都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市圈和首尔大都市区中心体系空间分布特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">征接近。此外，上海外滩中心、成都天府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广场中心均处在历史文化街区地段，北京</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由于紫禁城禁止开发，导致其都市区中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分别选址于紫禁城东西两侧，形成了金融</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">街和国贸两处中心，先期发展的极核中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间区位同东京、首尔和巴黎一致。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3467492" data-w="969" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ib7iateNbFeQsBYiaTic4osW3ePjcMeHMIlG1tdgXDp0MfYsichX0ku68b4A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.中心体系势能值特征</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据公式(1)计算北京大都市区内国<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">贸、金融街和中关村等地的中心势能值</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发现，国贸中心势能值是金融街的4.7倍，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">金融街势能值是中关村的2.6倍，且其中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心体系势能值分布特征同东京都市圈接</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">近。由于未获得其他中国大都市区中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系就业岗位数据，难以准确计算其势</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能值。但是从上海、成都等大都市区中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心所在片区的开发强度和规模特征看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">按照人均20m2的就业岗位面积估算就</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">业密度及其各中心势能值，结果显示二</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者的中心体系分布特征与北京较为接近。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">总体来看，在中心城区范围内，国内大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都市区高等级中心体系势能值特征与国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外大都市区较为接近。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.中心与轨道环线关系</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除北京、上海、成都等大都市区高<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等级中心与轨道环线的关联紧密外，中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国其他团状城市也大都规划了轨道环线，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如广州(11号线)、武汉(12号线)、西</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">安(8号线)、郑州(5号线)、哈尔滨(3</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">号线) 和沈阳(5号线)。从技术参数看，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">国内城市的轨道环线长度大都在40～</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">50km，拥有约35个站点，换乘站约20</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">座，几乎实现了中心城区所有线路的便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">捷换乘；从列车编组看，除北京环线因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建成年代较早采用了6B 编组外，其他城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">市几乎均采用了6A或8A编组，运量较高，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在承担换乘客流和到达客流方面有较大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的优势。同时，这些城市的轨道环线均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在中心城区范围内，且距几何中心处的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">距离大都在7km左右，得益于中心城区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">较高的人口密度，拟规划的都市区中心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">有较大的人口腹地，依托换乘站建设都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">市区副中心符合中心地理论。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国大都市区中心体系空间特征的独特性与差异性</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.新兴CBD 空间区位特征独特</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国外大都市区高能级中心均在中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心城区范围内，而中国大都市区近年来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在区域协同发展理念指引下，尤其是在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2011年国家级城市新区等政策出台的背</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">景下，城市空间拓展出现了明显的跳跃</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现象，这些规模较大的城市新区大都规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划建设了新的商务中心，本文称之为新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴CBD，如北京通州CBD、南京江北新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区CBD 和成都秦皇寺CBD 等，它们均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在中心城区范围之外，与传统商业中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间距离大都超过了20km，且开发规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模较大、开发强度较高，未来交通组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">难度较大。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.国内外高能级中心差异性分析</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在“土地财政”等外部因素影响下，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国大都市区极核中心开发强度普遍较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高。以北京为例，当前国贸的就业密度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">已超过汉阳都城和拉德芳斯，但仍明显</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低于东京都心和新宿；从就业岗位数量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">看，国贸与新宿、汉阳都城接近，明显</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">超过拉德芳斯(图8)。北京和上海等城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市当前极核中心地区交通组织已面临较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大的挑战，在城市更新背景下，规模和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">密度将继续上升。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4371482" data-w="533" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ibPrgPCupLB1x34BMrTaJgDXDC51gnb6nWnBOk6x6kosCQ3dpVjKTOtA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国内外高能级中心轨道网络支撑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线差异</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对严重的供需不匹配现象，北京<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在2015 年以来的轨道网络修编中不得不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大幅提高中心城区尤其是核心区的轨道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络密度(图9)，以支撑中心体系可持</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">续发展。与中国都市中心城区轨道网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划密度级差不明显相比，东京区部、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">首尔则呈现了明显的级差特征，尤其是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在都心片区、汉阳都城片区形成了高密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度的轨道网络格局，其轨道站点密度分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">别为3.6座/平方公里和3.9座/平方公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">里，而国贸、金融街和中关村中心轨道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站点密度仅为1.3座/平方公里左右。此</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外，国外大都市区极核中心或副中心均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有都市快轨制式、轨道端站或邻近端站，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在同等线网规模条件下，为中心片区提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供了更充分的运能，实现了与大都市区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的协同发展。目前，中国都市极核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心普遍缺乏都市快轨支撑，且高能级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心几乎均没有轨道端站。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8639175" data-w="485" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ib4fIYqeRqjUTQQPTCAzicI0UqLxcdNkdMEoWB8dLSBzSOGLOTxqxnntA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区中心与大型对外交通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">枢纽之间的连接关系</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">梳理国内典型团状大都市区轨道网<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络规划发现，中国都市快轨规划研究深</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度明显不足，传统商业中心(CAZ) 与大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型对外枢纽，如高铁站、机场等均没有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都市快轨直接相连；CAZ与先期CBD之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间缺少都市快轨的衔接；先期CBD与运</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量较高、换乘效率较高的轨道环线也缺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">少直接联系；新兴CBD 大都有都市快轨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线路通过，且与大型对外交通枢纽有轨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道交通衔接，但也存在换乘不便、组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效率偏低等问题。总体上看，中国大都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市区CAZ、CBD 和大型对外交通枢纽三</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者相互之间缺少高品质轨道交通衔接，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这与国外发达大都市区有较大区别，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轨道网络规划和土地空间规划中应予以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优化。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</p></section><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对中国大都市区中心体系及轨道网络的启示与建议</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.大都市区中心体系的层级构建</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在大都市区范围内，自内向外形成<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3～4级中心体系，即“都市区极核中心—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都市区副中心—近郊区中心—远郊区中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心”，国外发达大都市区和中国的北京、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海、广州和成都等城市，由于规划轨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道网络里程规模较大，远期(景)大都市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区范围将达到1.2 万平方公里左右，从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行政地域看，部分远郊区( 县/ 市) 将被</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">列入大都市区范围，因此中心体系将呈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现4级。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对中国其他省会城市的大都市区而<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">言，至2030年左右，大都市区的范围多</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数将达到3500km2左右，同发达大都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市区的密集建设区范围接近，中心体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">呈现3级。国内大都市区的极核中心分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为两个片区：一是以传统商业中心为载</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体的中央活动区(CAZ)；二是CBD，CBD</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">又分为两类，第一类大都位于中心城区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范围内，建设历程较长，第二类多为以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大型城市新区(一般为国家级经济开发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区、高新技术开发区或国家级新区) 核心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区为载体的都市区CBD，两者共同构成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了都市区极核中心。此外，对于轨道环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线周边尚有较大体量未开发用地的都市，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可在规划政策引导和轨道网络支撑下，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成都市区副中心；对于近郊区，可推</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动形成片区型中心，主要服务于本行政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区或功能区。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区中心体系能级与轨道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络运能供给匹配</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 大都市区中心体系分布特征。</p><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">CAZ布局于中心城区，配备有先<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">期CBD，且这类CBD 大都在规划的轨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道环线步行接驳范围内或紧邻轨道环线</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图10)。依托轨道环线，远期形成若干</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个都市副中心。部分大都市区在传统的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市轴线上，如北京、上海和成都等在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距CAZ 20km或更长距离处形成新兴</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">CBD；部分新兴CBD 未在传统的城市轴</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线上，如广州、南京、西安和郑州等。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9497908" data-w="478" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaodqhl4pfpeIbI6s0l907ib7ZgibpficV8RxYobiaPKo2AmaMfeu2dSEEyHLPMPicZkHiaT38MkA2sNeyg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 通过都市快轨或地铁普线连接新<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">兴CBD 与CAZ。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新兴CBD 是中国都市发展过程中的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">创举，其与CAZ 联系的紧密程度如何？</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对此，国外没有近似经验可借鉴，但是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从未来人的交流活动增长等方面看，两</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者应该有较为紧密的联系，轨道交通联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系更是不可或缺。若要判定都市区中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之间的轨道连接方式，应根据新兴CBD</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与CAZ 之间的交通量和空间距离等因素</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">来综合确定。例如，若几个都市区中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在同一轴线上，走廊交通量较大且空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离较大，如北京、成都等，可采用高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">运量都市快轨制式；若空间距离不足以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开行都市快轨，可通过地铁普线连接。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 新兴CBD 与大型对外交通枢纽<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">连接。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据新兴CBD 与大型对外交通枢纽<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的空间距离和出行时耗要求，选择合理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的制式。当新兴CBD 与大型对外客运枢</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽距离超过20km时，均应有都市快轨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线路连接机场或高铁站。当新兴CBD与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高铁站距离较近，或沿线土地开发体量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较大足以支撑地铁线路运营时，亦可采</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地铁普线制式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 依据轨道运能供给确定都市区中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心片区土地开发强度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国大都市区极核中心片区大都存<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在严重的交通拥堵或服务水平低等问题，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其根本原因在于轨道运能供给与交通需</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求失衡。从国外发达大都市区轨道网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展历程看，核心区轨道交通地下空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发深度大都在﹣60m内，极核中心区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域提供4 条左右的轨道路由( 可运营多条</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线路)，按照8A 编组估算，片区最大集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">散能力为30万人次/ 时。中国应以此集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">散能力约束土地开发强度，实现土地与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通的协同发展。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适当降低新兴CBD 地区土地开发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强度</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受国家新区开发政策影响，中国部<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分大都市区在中心城区之外规划了新兴</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">CBD，其空间区位具有边缘化的特征，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在同等建设资金和同等时耗条件下，可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">获取的就业岗位、休憩机会等可达性指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标大幅低于位于中心城区的传统CBD，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此，从提升空间资源配置效率视角看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新兴CBD 土地开发强度应适度降低，就</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">业岗位应向位于中心城区的都市区副中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心引导，以更好地缩短职住通勤距离和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时耗，提高城市活力和品质。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(248, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="height: 15px;transform: rotate(-30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -3px;color: rgb(33, 23, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键都市快轨路由通道的严格</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市快轨将是中国轨道交通下一阶<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">段的建设重点，串联都市区中心与大型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">客运枢纽的都市快轨拥有充足的刚性客</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流需求，存在较强的建设必要性。但是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在核心区或中心城区，普遍存在路由通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道难觅或建设成本大幅增长的可能和趋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">势。因此，应对这类刚性需求，应提前</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">预留其路由通道，建议核心区严格控制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">﹣60m以内的地下空间，中心城区其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他地区严格控制﹣40m以内的地下空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间，超前谋划地下空间开发利用问题。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vpKxq4staSQ7YTfGCic3piaYkvzUlGcQmiaQa9BV5O7icB6HHyA7RUVOEskN9micIxQCeNodRynh29h3ib61HExTSsXw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;background-attachment: scroll;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 6px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DQGB7SNjiadfictc2zJEpqsJ0u9ZHjF2dpQoy7au4lmo8wtev6hN2ic1x4ibrVtgibH62FSibY3zibyiaFckg6Xu8Z8LPw/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 5px;border-style: none none solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 6px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(216, 98, 34);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 6px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;padding: 5px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(252, 242, 241);padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四  结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 10px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(247, 239, 226, 0.5);margin-bottom: -2.5em;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国外发达高密度团状大都市区高能级中心普遍具有空间“趋中性”特征，在大都市区层面，均形成“都市区极核中心—都市区副中心—郊区中心”3 ～ 4级中心体系，且极核中心能级远高于副中心，副中心能级远高于郊区中心，势能值呈现明显的梯度特征。此外，都市区极核中心和副中心大都有轨道环线与都市快轨轨道制式支撑其客流集散。中国大都市区中心体系空间分布特征同国外大都市区基本一致。例如，中心城区范围内拥有高等级极核中心和若干都市副中心，都市副中心大都依托轨道环线发展；但受发展阶段、重大政策和轨道网络规划等影响，中心体系空间特征又有一定的独特性和差异性，如中国大都市区普遍拥有较大规模的城市新区，新区范围内也有较高能级的中心体系，都市快轨制式普遍缺失，且远期或远景规模难以大幅增加。基于此，本文提出中国大都市区中心体系优化对策，主要包括通过都市快轨将CAZ、CBD 和大型对外交通枢纽进行衔接，以及提高空间组织效能。本文从中心体系与轨道网络协同发展的视角提出供需匹配模式，对于后发团状大都市区有较强的借鉴意义。</p></section><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="float: left;text-align: start;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 5em !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6875" data-w="128" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/opuxUvg605sy3aicoKWibnkTXaPMeY6djnpBylCOrzWPyOVtXhEFurNeibGwDWAwqTUDwLD6l7ib8vZoogyOq92Dsg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section><section style="float: right;text-align: start;padding-right: 10px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 5em !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6875" data-w="128" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/opuxUvg605sy3aicoKWibnkTXaPMeY6djnG1IW2V7WYroBiaaVDCNsY0b4I6BYpv7bHv08U79HGef14kYHPTMbfWQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.109375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/IJaDERLKZLdnZUImfj2zh61Eicb6fyqM2JfoDg1rH4AoomFrcKv4AhRePicaTRg2DlIc2rFwibDoiakxFibiaRkFB74Q/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Pd5MkX8uqpW3noeYNhwXfpaEfDle3UJNLGcl4bv83ZJSPG0aibhpJZfcgdeJnNHtYsKiaRbIgQuTZuMUNyht90ug/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" 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108, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年20期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>国外大都市区中心体系空间特征解析及规划启示<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(118, 108, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(118, 108, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(118, 108, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(118, 108, 96);box-sizing: 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14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/wicpelN3PRps3TVDSrDbaxiaqCwHSdaN5sWzDo2XVYpxDDjx4bkiaGaK0Q5lhM5dQV0kyGLTPV38M9QkSZxDic4cqg/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 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border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: 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117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: 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