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<section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">专刊分享</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，西城区建立了具有西城特色的“四名”工作体系，全面落实《北京城市总体规划（2016年—2035年）》，探索历史街区更新途径，积极推动老城整体保护和复兴。为进行及时回顾与思辨，2019年西城区与《北京规划建设》合作出版“北京西城：老城保护和街区更新”增刊（刊号ISSN：1003-627X，CN：11-2882/TU），总结近年历史文化街区保护、更新及公众参与实践，采编经验成果、形成理论梳理。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">响应2019西城名城保护年会“老城保护和街区更新: 转型发展， 再出发”主题，“”公众号将陆续推出增刊文章，方便读者深入全面地了解西城名城保护工作，共同探讨发展方向与目标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">感谢《北京规划建设》刊物支持！欢迎读者围绕街区更新与公众参与工作展开交流、讨论！</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-bottom: -6px;border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 6px;transform: rotate(45deg);"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 6px;transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -10px;transform: rotate(45deg);"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京老城区微花园绿色微更新研究实践</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-top: 6px none rgb(137, 205, 206);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Research and Practice on Green Micro-Renewal of Micro-Garden in Beijing Old City</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者介绍</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">侯晓蕾</strong>，中央美术学院建筑学院副教授。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘要</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市建设进入由增量转向存量的阶段，渐进式的微更新成为城市更新和改造的主要模式。以公众参与为基础、微小社区空间和公共空间设施为改造对象的局部更新方式，成为城市更新的趋势。城市微更新关 注空间重构和社区激活、公众参与和社会治理，北京老城区的微花园研究实践，是一种绿色微更新的有效途径。本文首先探讨了基于整体保护意识下的微花园研究背景，结合当前老城区绿色景观建设中存在的现状问题，论述了微花园对于北京老城区整体环境提升的重要意义；然后，对微花园的概念、特点和生成类型进行了诠释，通过开展社区营造，使生活美学和景观艺术进入寻常百姓家。接下来介绍了团队在北京老城区开展实践性的微花园的公众参与式设计的四个阶段;最后，进行了微花园共治模式和维护机制的相关思考，对微花园的可持续途径进行了探讨。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="align-items: center;display: flex;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 1 1 auto;border-left: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词：微花园;绿色微更新;社区营造;生活美学; </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众参与；共治模式   </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">KeyWords：<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">micro-garden; green micro-renewal; community buildingliving aesthetics; public participation; co-governance model</span></span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 23);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-bottom: -6px;border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 6px;transform: rotate(45deg);"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 6px;transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -10px;transform: rotate(45deg);"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 基于整体保护意识下的微花园研究背景</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">《北京城市总体规划(2016 年—2035年)》中明确提出，对老城区要进行“恢复性修建”和“整体保护”，所谓修建性恢复和整体保护， 意味着对老城区的人、物、空间、构筑、绿植以及生活方式进行多维度的综合保护。新总规中还提出，“开展留白增绿、补齐短板、改善环境、提升品质的城市修补工作。”以往，对于老城区，人们更多关注的是对古建筑和院落的保护，而街巷中和院落中渗透的很多居民种植的绿色景观也是多元而丰富的生活历史，能够有效提升居民生活空间宜居度。对于老城区而言，由于空间和面积有限，要做到“留白增绿”和“见缝插绿”，首先要做到“保绿”。所谓“保绿”，就是首先要保护老城中所特有的绿色景观，而不是取而代之以新的整齐划一的城市化景观<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">[1]</span></em>。胡同有着积淀已久的绿色空间和多元化的胡同生态，有着特有的历史和人文资源空间，这些各具特色的空间往往充满了人情味， 我们应该思考如何通过社区营造的途径使这些空间得到更新提升的同时又能够保持住原有的味道和特色，老城区的整体保护需要我们对这些各具特色的绿色景观进行真实性的保护和提升。我们将老城区这些小而微的绿色景观称为“微花园”<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[2]</span></em>。</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6654545" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkibKpIsj5tLzXkppAVp5JIfdQL7E18nl5awy5WKB1KQUyciajUOWXmQeQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="825" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1 北京老城区随处可见的自发微花园之一</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“微花园”意为小而美的景观。区别于大尺度的统一规划设计的城市景观，老城区的街巷里的景观往往尺度不大，多呈现微小空间的形式分布在多个角隅。例如，在北京老城区的胡同街巷里，居民经常自发地在胡同里或者自家门前窗边采用回收的器物和废弃的材料，种植特色植物和瓜果蔬菜，少则几盆花，多则形成一个 “花园”。这一类的微花园往往尺度很小，土生土长，由居民独立建造和维护。这些胡同自发花园多种植月季、蔷薇等当地灌木，以及葡萄、葫 芦、丝瓜等具有食用功能的蔬菜瓜果，兼具美观和实用功能。出于各家不同审美和需求，胡同里每一个微花园都不同，具有各自鲜明的特点，同时又在整体上具有一致性。微花园体现居民对生活品质的美好追求，展现出特有的生活方式。(图1、图2)</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6674699" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkcXWaDWs8SKwRbEo6YE6YpjUrAobpnrLxsib31uArehojrSHLmyZCLeQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="830" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图2 北京老城区随处可见的自发微花园之二</span></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2 当前老城区绿色景观的现状问题和现象分析</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我国自古以来就有种植的传统，与其相关的描述和赞美多出现在古典园林和现代风景园林设计中，日常生活的种植景观鲜有关注，比如老城区居民自发种植的绿色景观。然而正是这些看似“非正式”的日常种植现象，用多元丰富的方式整体影响并且美化了老城区的胡同街巷和院落景观，以其丰富的个性集体展现了老城生活景观的整体性和真实性<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[3]</span></em>。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1 绿色景观的丰富度和在地特色不足</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">随着胡同街巷的改造，很多胡同景观代之以整齐划一的花箱(图3)。这些花箱不能做到有效透水，多种植观赏品种，尤其种植大量的一二年生的植物，不但冬季景观无法保持， 花卉等植物的采买费和维护费用也非常高，不能可持续地维持，并且与老城区的整体气质不相符合。同时，这一类做法属于典型的城市化景观的做法，虽然整齐，但是单一，缺少了老城区特有的市井气息和多元面貌，无法彰显胡同街巷在地特色和丰富景观。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6672932" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkhJdzicufmIFZeKLEmI1j7xbicWBpicM63IbQDzc2PCacqXCMZgYfdytbA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1064" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">图3 统一改造后的胡同花箱景</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2 绿色景观的认知度和审美意识不足</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">老城区的环境整治尤其是绿色景观一定不能够一蹴而就，应该是一个相对长期的过程，需要从一点一滴做起。微小环境的提升达到一定数量之后，便会以点带面，不但有利于提升居民的宜居环境，更有利于提升整体环境和可持续发展。老城区的绿色景观主体应该是居民，如新加坡等城市鼓励家庭植绿，从点滴做起，积水成渊，才逐步形成“花园城市”的美誉。世界上那些所谓的花园城市正是因为其角角落落都能够展现出充满生命力的绿意。应该建立老城区绿色景观的“审美认知标准”，以“生活美学”和“居民”艺术景观的理念培养景观审美意识。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3 绿色景观维护机制不健全</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，随着北京老城区的街巷环境改造提升，在一些拆除违建之后的区域，以街道为单位的基层政府建设了一些“绿白增绿”的绿地空间，这些绿色空间在一定程度上提升了片区的整体环境品质，但也带来一 些后期维护问题。不同于归属园林局管理维护的城市景观和园林，这些小微绿地由于分布在社区中，多数还是由社区来分配管理，而社区工作人员少，相关维护机制并未建立，其维护和管理给社区和街道都带来了很大的压力。老城区绿色景观不同于城市园林，其维护机制应该向居民共治共管的方向去推进。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">3 微花园对老城区整体环境提升的意义</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园是保护和提升老城区环境品质的重要因素和有效途径。微花园研究根本上探讨的是在当下社会和时代背景下老城区景观的保护与发展问题。微花园保护提升的一个重要前提，便是要原汁原味地保留并提升胡同的生活状态，尊重老城区居民的生活方式，在居民习以为常的胡同生活基础上，去见缝插针地微改造，是一种在“保留”和“尊重”基础上的 “在地微更新”。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1 能够促进老城区的整体环境品质并保留特色</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园保护和提升，表面上看是一个小而微的事情，但是能够起到以点带线、以线带面的作用。通过艺术和设计介入的微更新途径，每个片区的微花园示范点被建立起来，以这些示范点为参照，带动更多居民参与，逐步实现片区的整体渐进式绿色微更新。微花园的以点带面的提升能够将城市中的失落空间进行有效的积极化微更新<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[6]</span></em>。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2 能够提升居民的生活情趣和生活品质</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园不仅仅是一个空间环境， 更是一种美化生活的精神和动力，是一种对美好生活的向往，也是对生活品质的提升，以及对心灵的美化与涤荡。例如，史家胡同44号的居民秦先生一直积极参加微花园的各项社区营造活动和改造提升设计，他的老伴多年卧床，需要他进行照料。秦先生说微花园成为他的生活的调节剂，能够使他更加热爱生活、感受美好的寄托，看到微花园并且进行种植的过程也会使自己心里更加愉悦。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3 能够有效拆除和置换违建和杂物堆积</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">老城区属于高密度低高度的城市建成区，室内和室外空间都非常拥挤有限，目前很多空间都被杂物或者其他方式侵占，有很多空间有潜力被挖掘出来作为微花园和公共空间。微花园是一种有效的空间置换方式。在微花园的改造提升过程中，我们已经先后置换出多处违建房空间、杂物堆积空间，代之以宜人的微花园景观。老城区杂物堆积和空间侵占现象较为普遍，微花园的绿色微更新可以使这些问题一定程度的得到解决(图4)。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6339662" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkPZTj1NnQicLLaEkAIJBfCZJNptic7u408lzFzo9YKuPIs0lx21kRLSGg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="948" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">图4 拆除煤棚后置换的微花园改造前后对比</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4 能够增进邻里交流和社区关系</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">山崎亮在《社区设计》一书中 说到，“比设计空间更重要的，是连接人与人的关系”。设计应该是一种 “人性互动”的过程<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[4]</span></em>。微花园作为一种公共交往空间，是邻里之间交流的桥梁。我们在与居民进行参与式设计改造的过程中发现，史家胡同54号的居民宗女士多年热爱种植，“微花园虽小，但街坊邻居一开门就看见花花草草，心情特别好，经常过来坐坐、聊聊，我的生活也有意思多了，天天都很乐和，他们都说我不像80多岁的人。(图5)”史家胡同5号居民的微花园自从改造之后，也有很多街坊邻居过来聊天交流(图6)。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3687281" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkjlZVTrYS64Y266B6KFVLl1KZooNCaYuWGnNeGc5ibmzdM62Ip2puBZQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="857" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图5 史家胡同54号</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图6 史家胡同5号</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">4 北京老城区微花园的概念、特点和生成类型</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.1 微花园的概念</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园，顾名思义，意为小而美的绿色景观。行走在胡同中，那些依附于这里的空间、事物和生活的植物随处可见，它们可以是一片藤架上的葫芦，也可以是房前屋后窗檐下的一株盆景，见缝插针地有机分布在胡同街巷的各个角落，形成了胡同中特有的绿色景观。微花园中的“微”具有两层含义，一方面，指的是尺度和规模上的“微小”，另一方面指的是更新模式中的“微更新”，也就是渐进式更新的意思。我们很难将微花园用尺度直接去下定义，因为很多微花园非常微小，甚至“占天不占地”，构成了胡同街巷中的多维空间。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2 微花园的特点</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2.1 多样性</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园的多样性由植物多样性、容器多样性和空间多样性构成，相互组合、相互穿插，形成微花园的整体多样性。微花园的建造材料包括硬质 的和软质的材料。硬质材料包括容器、结构单元等构成材料，软质材料主要指的是植物。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2.2 低造价和低维护</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园的低造价主要体现在植物材料价格低、多采用播种种植、维护 技术要求低和种植容器多是旧物回收利用等因素构成(图7)。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9861751" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKk3gqbQhd2KRMYUGCfx0BcgJhRWXr6oYWm9RFOJEFZP9ia6eQT7ib6iaR9w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="868" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">图7 微花园的容器 (图片来源:李博、崔琼绘制)</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2.3 实用性和食用性</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园中往往种植非常实用、皮实的植物，能够食用的蔬菜和瓜果类植物也非常常见，也有一部分兼具观赏性的药草植物，体现了微花园所具有的“二实(食)”特点。微花园的植物从种植到采摘到食用的过程形成了微花园特有的微循环系统，形成了小型生态链。国内外的社区花园往往都具有类似的特点<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[5]</span></em>。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.3 微花园的生成和类型</p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园的生成过程并不是一蹴而就，往往是一个“螺旋式”发展的过程。从对微花园种植的意愿，到选择微花园种植的空间和容器，再到微花园材料和空间生成，其经历了交替变化和逐步更新的过程。微花园的生成不仅是物质空间层面的事件，更多是一种社会和生活状态的反映。依据不同的标准，微花园可以分为不同的类型。由于微花园尺度规模普遍都比较小，因此不建议将微花园按照尺度等级进行划分。依据其空间形态可以更加清晰地区分微花园不同类型的特征。当然，更多的微花园往往是兼具几种类型特征的综合型。依据微花园的空间形态，可以将微花园划分为以下几种类型(图8)。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.6067653" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKksaMTLgcwctjx7jBGoX8cvmicsQrA7yT4ulAGiafyr2AkzytQ9vIYrGYA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="473" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图8 微花园的生成与类型</span><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 12px;">(图片来源:李师成、王若飞绘制)</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.3.1 堆叠型</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">堆叠型主要指整个微花园或局部是由植物容器堆积而成的。这种类型多出现在用地狭小的地方，通过堆叠的方式来节省空间。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.3.2 悬挂型</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">悬挂式多零散分布，难以形成有规模的花园。悬挂型多与防盗窗相结合，多用于没有出入口的后窗附近，使植物保持在视线范围之内。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.3.3 条带型</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">条带型往往也是植物堆积放置的方式，多放置在胡同墙根的线性区域内，不影响交通的情况下形成带状的植栽摆放。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.3.4 爬藤型</p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right: 5px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);border-top: 3px solid transparent;border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爬藤型微花园主要指的是由藤蔓植物和攀援架相互组合的空间，有些植物也直接爬藤在墙体上。这种类型的微花园在北京老城区分布最为广泛，种植的藤蔓植物也多为可食用的瓜果蔬菜类植物，也兼具一些观赏类藤本。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">5 生活美学和景观艺术进入寻常百姓家</em></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">--微花园的公众参与式设计</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园是北京老城区一种典型的绿色空间类型和模式，微花园研究和实践的核心思想是关注市民的景观及百姓的生活。长期以来，北京市城市规划设计研究院和中央美术学院十七工作室的联合团队与在地居民一起进行参与式设计，运用专业知识对这些 微花园和微空间进行设计和艺术提升。希望通过设计和艺术的介入，能够真正改善居民生活品质，通过充满艺术思维和设计巧思的方案，微介入地使这些“居民的花园”得到提升和再生，同时保留其原有的味道，让园林艺术真正进入寻常百姓家，探索老城的景观复兴之路。希望通过各界的力量，让人们认识到老城区景观特有的价值和应有的面貌。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5.1 第一阶段 </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">老城区微花园的记录和观察</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">2014年起，我们开始关注到老城区的街道和公共空间，发现老城区多元化的丰富生活空间。进而关注到了胡同里的空间，发现了胡同里居民自发种植的绿色景观。2015年开始，我 们开始对这些胡同里的绿色自发景观进行记录和观察，用画笔、绘图、测绘、影像、摄影等多种方式记录这些生命力旺盛的“微花园”，在此基础上对这些微花园进行分析解读，分析其材料和空间构成，分析其背后生成的原因，分析其特点和类型。直到今天，我们一直在坚持记录着这些微花园。(图9、图10)</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7865613" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkWfXny90XDWlLjFK1OUNxKTwAWLCQV9GibYHlxPy2m5ynMdThLyH1qSA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="506" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5.2 第二阶段 </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">互动展览与社区营造</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在发现和记录以及分析解读这些微花园的同时，我们也探访了很多微花园背后的居民。这些居民都具有共同的特点，就是热爱种植、热爱生活。但是一谈到花园，他们往往非常不好意思的称之为花园，因为普遍采用旧物种植的方式，他们觉得非常随意。但在我们看来，这是一种近乎艺术装置的做法，而且非常环保而生态。在我们看来，艺术实际上是一种生活方式，来源于生活的艺术才是真正的艺术。艺术美学与原生态生活相结合，将生活美学渗透到居民的日常生活中，这是我们希望带给居民的理念。自2014年至今，我们在每年的设计周和其他时间联合北京市城市规划设计研究院和朝阳门街道办事处一起持续举办了一系列与微花园主题相关的展览，提升居民对于微花园的认识和兴趣，在展览中融入参与性调研和互动，举办了“旧物改造盆栽”活动 (图11、图12)，与居民一起一对一的进行旧物改造盆栽，进行艺术再造提升。通过社区营造提升居民的美学意识和对绿色景观的热爱。通过这些持续的社区培育孵化和社区营造活动，居民和设计师一起相互了解、共同促进了微花园的改造需求。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4104628" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkXLibMRgiav5DiaRjH9NNlNOaJySNIEnfrASbw4CUD1HwBklsM9ucjiavzg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="497" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5.3 第三阶段 </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公众参与式设计工作坊</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在进行持续展览和社区营造活动的基础上，居民对微花园有了新的认识，同时也开始理解旧物改造种植的价值所在，以及开始爱护自己的微花园。由互动展览和社区营造活动引发了居民进行微花园提升的兴趣。从2017年开始，联合团队开始对史家胡同及周边的几处微花园进行了公众参与式的设计工作坊。通过自愿报名的方式，居民提出了对微花园进行改造提升的意愿。联合团队与居民共同讨论改造提升的可能性，并不断进行修正和改进。在设计工作坊的过程中，设计团队为居民提供了艺术审美和景观设计等方面的美学和空间营造指导，从空间造型、植物配置、雨水利用和节约能源等方面与居民一起探讨出了专业方案，能够帮助居民低造价的、简单而实用的对微花园进行有效提升(图13)。所有的微花园改造提升方案都本着原汁原味、低造价、旧物利用的“减法”原则，鼓励居民保持旧物利用的生活习惯，运用旧物改造盆栽，将堆积在各个空间中的旧砖瓦、旧盆罐等变废为宝，重新利用在微花园的营造中，在美化环境的同时，置换出很多被侵占的空间。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7480469" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkjM3smxCWhBMM0CUlx1YnCibmJRNBNmj8doX9RRCWD34blzHRGLdsKRA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="512" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5.4 第四阶段 </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微花园的参与式共建</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在整个过程中，设计师和居民参与式共同探讨、共同设计得出设计方案。同时，还一同深度参与到花园的改造工作中。每一个花园都凝结着居民、设计师的汗水和智慧，花园改造完成后，居民也格外珍惜。通过充分的公众参与，我们希望能够催生居民自发长期维护微花园环境的积极性，能够长久地进行下去，而不仅仅是一次性改造。这样的微花园会有很强的示范性，也同时宣扬出一种环保理念，能够推广到家家户户，但一定不是简单的复制推广，而是尊重多元化的推广。例如，在史家胡同15号院的微花园改造提升中，居民家中原来堆积的旧马桶、老砖老瓦、用过的腌制咸菜的罐子、旧鸟笼、废弃的玻璃等元素都被运用到花园设计中，这些经过岁月洗礼、蕴含着丰富故事的旧物不但使老城百姓的生活被原汁原味地保留下来，而且艺术性和审美得到极大提升，同时彰显了花园的老时光味 道(图14、图15)。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4262948" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eO91T0MHqOsEP5sQLsICWKkZnribyXm8ShAESnUwicFfvQmuTwAxQZ64uog53ziaTydKfMGvhgds4gFA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="502" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">6 </em></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">微花园共治模式和维护机制的探索研究</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">微花园虽小，但是其数量达到一定程度之后，便能够起到意想不到的作用，产生“规模效应”。如果能够在老城区进行整体推广，将起到较强的整体绿效的作用。微花园的保护和提升，不但涉及设计和艺术，还涉及社会、民生以及公共治理、维护制度和推广机制建设等一系列问题<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[7]</span></em>。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">6.1 微花园的创新机制的建立  </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> 建立前期策划分析、参与设计、方案互动、实施监督、建设与实施各阶段联动的保障机制，居民对全过程进行充分了解、签署各阶段同意书，设置微花园实施效果的评比环节，从而激发居民的兴趣和自主性，以及促进老城区绿色景观的长效提升。在这个过程中，以街道和社区为单位的基层政府推动了项目的发展并提供了启动资金，对实践推动起到了监管与支持作用。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">6.2 微花园公共治理和共同营造制度的建立  </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">由于微花园的营建过程涉及的主体众多，需要多方的密切配合，探讨微花园的公共治理和共同营造的制度如何建立。在这个过程中，“沟通” 应被足够重视，需要对设计实施过程中的居民的主动性、知情权和满意度进行了解。在项目的前期、设计过程和实施过程中与结束后，以访谈方式不断收集居民各个阶段的诉求和建议，持续传递“社区是我家，治理靠大家”的理念<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[8]</span></em>。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 43px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-bottom: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;margin-left: 3px;margin-bottom: -6px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 15px;padding-right: 15px;margin-top: -18px;margin-bottom: -18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">6.3 微花园共治模式和维护机制的建立  </p></section><section style="width: 43px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1px;height: 25px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 34px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 40px;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(114, 114, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 3px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在项目培育过程中主动挖掘社区能人并建立“花友会”等社群组织， 探索微花园的认领和认养制度，由社区自组织牵头建立微花园绿色景观的维护机制，社区进行辅助监督和推进。逐步确立微花园的共治模式和维护机制。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“微花园”提升的最终目的不只是通过一个花园的设计让这个地方变美，而更多的是带来的是一种美化生活的精神与动力，是一种对美好生活 的向往，对生活品质的提升，对心灵的美化与涤荡。有了这些花园，能让居民提升对自己生活环境的爱与自己动手美化花园的积极性，从而群策群力，点滴中共同提升我们的生活环境的质量，更带来一种积极乐观向上的心态。事实上，城市中有很多微空间，处处都可以成为微花园。在当前存量时代的城市更新进程中，如何通过社会治理和空间营造，鼓励和激发社会与社区主体的主观能动性，是基于社区营造的规划实践的重要内容<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">[9]</span></em>。北京老城区的微花园研究实践即致力于探索一种源于生活、顺应民意、回归美学的微花园绿色景观微更新途径。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(245, 213, 66);margin-bottom: -6px;border-right-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);border-left-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 6px;transform: rotate(45deg);"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 6px;transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -10px;transform: rotate(45deg);"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">注:本文图片除特殊标注外，均由作者提供。 </p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">基金项目:基于社区营造的传统人居环境景观更新途径研究，中央美术学院2019年度自主科研项目，立项编号:19KYZD009</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(245, 213, 66);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;text-align: left;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">[1] 中国共产党北京市委员会，北京城市总体规划(2016年—2035年) [M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社， 2019: 20-30<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />[2] 冯斐菲.北京历史街区微更新实践探讨[J].城市遗产保护，2016(5): 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