国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

标题

分类

（编号：1116）

链接

作者

时间

政策

省

市

年

月

直播

主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="line-height: normal;"><iframe src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=u304559wcwo&auto=0" width="100%" height="580" frameborder="0"></iframe></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 关于这篇文章，先来听听作者怎么说</span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（全屏观看效果最佳）</span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">【文章编号】1002-1329 (2019)09-0037-06</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【中图分类号】TU982</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【文献标识码】A</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【doi】10.11819/cpr20190911a</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【作者简介】</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></section><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">孙斌栋</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (1970-)，男，博士，华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心，城市与区域科学学院、未来城市实验室、崇明生态研究院教授，博士生导师。</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">郭  睿 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1995-)，女，华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心，城市与区域科学学院、未来城市实验室、崇明生态研究院硕士研究生。</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">陈  玉</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"> (1995-)，男，华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心，城市与区域科学学院、未来城市实验室、崇明生态研究院硕士研究生。</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【修改日期】2019-08-28</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">＊ 国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA068)。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em 0.1em 0em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;background: rgb(214, 0, 74);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.5em 0.8em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">精彩导读</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding: 1em 0.5em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;width: auto;height: auto;overflow: hidden;border-top: 0.1em dashed rgb(214, 0, 74);line-height: 1.4em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【摘要】<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;">城市群已经成为我国新型城镇化深入推进的主要空间支撑形态，厘清哪种空间结构更有利于提高城市群的经济绩效，有助于为“十四五”乃至更长时期的城市群空间规划提供决策依据。本文基于陆地扫描全球人口数据库和欧洲航天局全球土地利用数据识别城市实体，并从单中心-多中心视角测度城市群空间结构，运用固定效应模型和工具变量法检验城市群空间结构对劳均GDP和劳均GDP增长率的影响。结果显示，多中心的空间结构更有助于促进城市群经济绩效的提高。未来空间规划应在发挥首位城市辐射带动作用的基础上，促进经济要素在城市群中整体均衡分布，形成各城市协调发展、合理有序的空间结构体系。</span></span></p><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【关键词】空间结构；经济绩效；城市群；多中心；空间规划 </span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CHINESE CITY CLUSTERS: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR SPATIAL PLANNING OF CITY CLUSTERS</strong></section><p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ABSTRACT: </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">City clusters have become the main spatial support for further promotion of China's new urbanization. Clarifying which spatial structure is more conducive to improve the economic performance is helpful for providing decision-making basis for spatial planning of city clusters, particularly during the <span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">14</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><sup style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: super;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">th </span></sup></span> Five-Year Plan period. Based on the global population database of Landscan and the global land use data from ESA, this paper identifies urban entities and measures the spatial structure of city clusters from a monocentric-polycentric perspective. The fixed-effect model and instrumental variable method are used to test the effect of spatial structure on GDP per labor force and growth rate of GDP per labor force. The results show that polycentric spatial structure is associated with better economic performance of city clusters. Based on enhancing the radiation and driving role of the primate city, the spatial planning of city clusters should promote the overall balanced distribution of economic factors, aiming at a coordinated, rational, and orderly spatial structure system.</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: -0.1pt;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">KEYWORDS:</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  spatial structure; economic performance; city cluster; polycentricity; spatial planning</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(214, 0, 74);font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-right-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-left-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1em;font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</section></section><section style="padding: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(42, 52, 58);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 引言 </span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市群作为空间相邻和功能紧密相关的巨型城市化区域[1]，成为我国新型城镇化战略的主要空间支撑形态。《国家发展改革委关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见》则进一步提出促进中心城市与周边城市(镇)同城化发展。随着“十四五”来临，新型城镇化进入关键时期，城市群建设如何推进成为核心问题之一。京津冀已经率先通过雄安新区建设实施了城市群层面的多中心战略，而伴随着所谓新一线城市的兴起，提高省域中心城市首位度的呼声高起，哪种策略更具有经济有效性？更一般地，城市群的要素分布应该集中在首位城市还是相对均衡地布局在不同的城市？回答这一问题，对于把握城市群发展规律，指导城市群空间规划具有重大意义。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">空间结构对经济绩效的影响，在理论上主要是依据集聚经济和集聚不经济来加以解释。单中心结构下，经济要素大量集中于主中心，可以通过学习、共享、匹配三种机制[2]获得集聚经济效益。具体而言，“学习”指单中心有利于知识信息的交流扩散；“共享”指单中心能带来商品和基础设施的共享；“匹配”指单中心有利于增加劳动力市场匹配的机会，提高匹配的质量。多中心结构下，尽管单个空间单元的集聚效益可能不及单中心下更大规模的空间实体，但凭借阿隆索(Alonso)在1970年代提出的“规模互借”(borrowed size)[3]，可以在更大的空间范围内通过空间单元之间的紧密联系和分工协作实现经济的规模效益和集聚效益。此外，集聚不是无限的，过度单中心集聚会带来交通拥堵、环境压力、地价上升等一系列城市病[4]，产生集聚不经济，多中心结构下相对均衡的城市规模分布有助于缓解集聚不经济，进而提高城市经济效率。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">对于城市群空间结构和经济绩效关系的实证研究，国内国外存在较大的差异。国外相关研究中与“城市群”相对应的术语可以追溯至1950年代提出的大都市带(megalopolis)[5]，21世纪以来则涌现出巨型城市区域(mega-city region)[6]、大都市带区域(megapolitan area)[7]和巨型区域(mega-region)[8]等一系列概念，表明城市群这一巨型城市区域受到越来越多的关注。但是城市群这一空间尺度并未直接出现在空间结构和经济绩效关系的研究之中，相关的研究主要基于都市区[9，10]或类似的区域尺度[11，12]，在空间范围上与城市群相去甚远，能提供的参考价值有限。国内则存在一些探讨城市群空间结构的经济绩效的文献，依据其主要结论分为三类：(1)单中心有利于经济绩效提高。张浩然和衣保中检验了10个城市群2000—2009年间空间结构和经济绩效之间的关系，发现单中心的经济绩效更高[13]；陈金英对2000—2012年间20个城市群空间结构和经济效率的研究也发现，单中心更能促进经济效率的提高[14]。(2)多中心有利于提升经济绩效。侯韵和孙铁山检验了12个城市群在1994—2012年间空间结构和经济效率之间的关系，发现单中心结构不利于经济发展[15]；苗洪亮等研究了10个城市群1994—2013年间空间结构和其经济效率之间的关系，认为多中心有利于经济绩效提高[16]；华杰媛选择13个城市群，通过多期截面分析，得出多中心有利于经济增长的结论[17]。(3)空间结构和经济绩效之间是非线性的关系。李佳洺等检验了1995—2010年间20个城市群经济集聚度与经济增长之间的关系，发现两者之间整体符合倒U型假设的特征[18]。</span></section><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">可以看出，国内对城市群空间结构和经济绩效关系的研究仍然没有得到统一结论，其原因是复杂的，因为许多研究在方法和数据上存在缺陷。例如，城市定义仍囿于行政范围；受常住人口数据所限，度量空间结构经常使用不够准确的户籍人口数据；在城市群的选择上多是出于政策导向或主观意愿，缺乏相对客观的选取标准；计量方法不能解释因果关系，等等。这些不足导致研究结论的可信度有待商榷。因此，有必要采用更为准确的城市单元和人口数据以及更加可靠的方法来分析城市群空间结构和经济绩效关系，通过厘清是单中心还是多中心空间结构更有利于促进经济绩效提升，能够更好地为“十四五”期间深入推进城市群空间规划提供政策参考。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(214, 0, 74);font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-right-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-left-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1em;font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</section></section><section style="padding: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(42, 52, 58);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 方法和数据</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.1  研究对象和数据来源</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文选择宁越敏基于常住人口数据界定的13个城市群作为研究的空间单元，其界定过程较为客观[19]。这13个城市群包括长三角、珠三角、京津唐、武汉、长株潭、成渝、哈大齐、长吉、辽中南、山东半岛、中原、闽东南和关中。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">目前，国内城市常住人口数据只局限于10年一次的人口普查，为了使用多年动态数据来识别不断变化的城市规模，本文采用美国能源部橡树岭国家实验室(ORNL)发布的全球人口数据库“陆地扫描”(Landscan)和欧洲航天局发布的全球土地利用数据进行计算加工而得。该人口数据库是在各个国家已有常住人口数据基础上采用各种方法插值计算得出多年份数据，相比于其他可得数据库，能够更好地反映城市人口规模的真实变化，已在国际学术界得到越来越多应用。本文所用其他数据均来自于2000—2015年各年份的《中国城市统计年鉴》。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2  空间结构测度</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文借鉴已有文献的做法[20]，使用规模位次法来衡量城市群的空间结构，计算公式如下：</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 5px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.18" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhpYwLyl4vTbudxXx0WAKg8EOJoMAYWpVBG6GiaHkAsE3RN6Y5SlE8PUzxUticggAbu206DVTzBSYCQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="200" style=""  /><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">  (1)</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">式中，P为城市群人口数量，R为城市群内各城市人口在城市群范围内所居的位次，β绝对值的大小代表了城市群空间结构的单中心-多中心程度，绝对值越大，城市群空间结构趋向于单中心分布，反之，城市群空间结构则趋向于多中心分布，α为常数。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">为了降低可能存在的测量偏差，借鉴加贝克斯(Gabaix)等的做法，在具体计算时将位次减去最优位移量1/2[21]。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为了规避以往研究使用户籍人口和行政边界来计算空间结构时可能产生的误差，本文依据全球人口数据Landscan和欧洲航天局的全球土地利用数据重新界定了城市实体，在此基础上衡量空间结构的单中心-多中心程度。Landscan人口数据和欧洲航天局用地数据均为栅格数据，前者分辨率为1km×1km，后者分辨率为300m×300m。具体界定方法为：(1)根据已有的跨国研究[22]，将城市实体的规模门槛值设为10000，即超过10000人的人口聚居地可被定义为一个城市实体；(2)利用ArcGIS软件，从用地数据中提取出中国城市群不透水面，将Landscan数据与不透水面进行匹配，识别出有人口居住的所有不透水面，再将识别出的相邻不透水面合并成一个人口聚居地；(3)将人口大于10000的人口聚居地提取出来构成本研究的城市样本。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.3  模型设定</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">由于Landscan的数据跨度为2000—2015年，因此本文的主要模型即为使用2000—2015年数据的面板回归模型。为了全面认识城市群经济绩效和空间结构之间的关系，本文在表征经济绩效时，同时使用了劳均GDP和劳均GDP增长率作为本研究的因变量。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.3.1  以劳均GDP为因变量的回归模型</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">借鉴梅杰斯(Meijers)等对美国都市区空间结构和经济绩效关系的研究[8]，在柯布-道格拉斯生产函数基础上构建以劳均GDP为因变量的回归模型，公式如下：</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 20px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.21" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhpYwLyl4vTbudxXx0WAKg8SYdcUSQSMWqASErRUdlibEKVicKoSzibjxDwyRFkOPNP5C5cbcRfPQNtw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="400" style=""  />   <span style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;"></span><span style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">(2)</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">式中，GDP为被解释变量劳均GDP，S为空间结构变量，X代表了其余控制变量，分别包括人口规模、人口密度、固定资产投资、产业结构、基础设施水平、政府干预程度、外资利用水平、人力资本和公共服务水平。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;">θ</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">0</span></sub></span><span style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为常数项，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;text-indent: 34px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">θ</span><span style="font-size: 12px;text-indent: 34px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">1</span></sub></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">到</span><span style="font-size: 14px;text-indent: 34px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"></span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">θ</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">i</span></sub></span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 10px;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">为相应的自变量的回归系数，ε为残差项，μ为个体固定效应，σ为时间固定效应。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">被解释变量使用2000—2015各年份城市群GDP总量除以劳动人口数量得到，GDP数据中剔除了第一产业产值，劳动人口则相应地剔除了农林牧副渔业的人口。核心解释变量为通过规模位次法计算得到的单中心-多中心程度，具体计算方法已于前文说明。其余解释变量分别为：(1)人口规模：根据landscan和土地数据界定出的城市群总人口；(2)人口密度：城市群总人口除以对应的城市群总面积；(3)固定资产投资：城市群全社会固定资产投资除以劳动人口数量，劳动人口中减去了农林牧副渔业人口；(4)产业结构：城市群第二产业总产值和第三产业总产值之比；(5)政府干预程度：去除科教文卫支出后的政府财政支出占城市群GDP比重；(6)基础设施建设：以城市群年末劳均实有道路面积来衡量，即年末实有道路面积除以劳动人口数；(7)对外开放水平：城市群实际利用外资额占GDP比重；(8)人力资本：受数据限制，以劳均高等学校在校学生数来衡量；(9)公共服务水平：用劳均医院卫生床位数作为代理变量。</span></p><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2.3.2  以劳均GDP增长率为因变量的模型设定</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文将巴罗(Barro)提出的长期经济增长模型[23]作为劳均GDP增长率为因变量时的回归模型，模型表达式如下：</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 20px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.17" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhpYwLyl4vTbudxXx0WAKg8DrS1IP43NSINEd4aDG1fSxibkEMS19YgOJAGYfBzT5AKgMJiahicAhQtw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="400" style=""  />  <span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;">(3)</span></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">式中，GDP Rate为因变量，表示城市群的劳均GDP增长率，S为测度的空间结构变量，X表示其余控制变量，包括人口规模、人口密度、人口增长率、初期GDP、固定资产投资、产业结构、基础设施水平、政府干预程度、外资利用水平、人力资本和公共服务水平。<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">θ</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">0</span></sub></span>为常数项，<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">θ</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">1</span></sub></span>到<span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 14px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">θ</span><span style="text-indent: 34px;font-size: 12px;"><sub><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;vertical-align: sub;">i</span></sub></span>为相应的自变量的回归系数，ε为残差项，μ为个体固定效应，σ为时间固定效应。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">相比以劳均GDP为因变量的模型，以劳均GDP增长率为因变量的模型变化主要在于：(1)被解释变量为劳均GDP增长率，即城市群当年劳均GDP减上年劳均GDP后与上年劳均GDP之比。(2)解释变量中增加了：人口增长率，即城市群当年人口总量减上一年人口总量后除以上一年人口总量；初期GDP，即城市群上一年的劳均GDP。根据文献做法，固定资产投资的代理变量使用固定资产投资额占GDP比重。其余解释变量与劳均GDP模型相同，此处不再赘述。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(214, 0, 74);font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-right-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-left-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1em;font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</section></section><section style="padding: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(42, 52, 58);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  </span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实证结果</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.1  劳均GDP为因变量的实证结果</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文的数据结构为2000—2015年的面板数据，在基准回归中同时使用面板固定效应法和工具变量法，具体结果如表1所示。模型1至模型4为OLS固定效应模型，模型5至模型7为工具变量回归模型。模型1放入空间结构一次项来检验空间结构与劳均GDP之间是否存在相关性，空间结构结果负显著，表明空间结构指数越小亦即越多中心，劳均GDP越高。模型2加入空间结构二次项来检验其与劳均GDP之间是否存在非线性关系，二次项结果不显著说明二者之间不呈现非线性关系。为了进一步检验模型1中相关关系的可靠度，模型3和模型4分别使用空间结构的一期滞后项和二期滞后项替换现有的空间结构指数，结论与模型1保持一致。为了排除OLS估计方法可能存在的反向因果问题，即劳均GDP提高可能不是多中心空间结构产生的结果，因果关系可能相反，因而模型5至模型7使用工具变量法(IV)来进一步考察两者之间的关系。在工具变量的选择上，模型5和模型6分别使用现有空间结构的一期滞后项和二期滞后项作为工具变量，模型7使用由1984—1999年《中国城市统计年鉴》中的城市群历史人口数据度量的空间结构作为工具变量。结果显示，3个工具变量模型中空间结构仍然负显著，确认了多中心的空间结构确实会提高劳均GDP。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.03046875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhpYwLyl4vTbudxXx0WAKg8VELHOGAUVnAGaLjSWnsMIKvPn5RT6fZSfbx670iczPRyhicL925AauXQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表1  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">劳均GDP回归结果</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.1</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  </span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Regression results of GDP per labor force</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 20px 8px 10px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其余控制变量中，人口规模和劳均GDP之间为显著负相关，说明过大的人口规模可能会带来劳均经济绩效的降低；人口密度、劳均固定资产投资、道路面积和劳均医院卫生床位数均呈现正显著，显示了集聚经济、投资、基础设施和公共服务设施与经济绩效的正相关关系；二三产比例为负显著，表明第二产业比例过高可能对经济绩效带来不利影响；外资利用为负显著，说明过度依赖外资对经济绩效可能带来不利影响。</span><br  /></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.2  劳均GDP增长率为因变量的实证结果</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">劳均GDP代表的是经济存量，劳均GDP增长率则反映经济增长绩效，回归结果如表2所示。模型8～11采用OLS固定效应回归方法，模型8放入空间结构一次项，模型9放入空间结构二次项，模型10和11使用空间结构的一期及二期滞后项；模型12～14为采用工具变量的两阶段回归，工具变量的使用选择与模型5～7相同。所有结果都显示出多中心的空间结构对于劳均GDP增长率的促进作用。其他变量中，人口规模仍为负显著，人口密度仍为正显著，此外，初期GDP为负显著，说明城市群在经济发展中可能存在收敛效应。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.15859375" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhpYwLyl4vTbudxXx0WAKg8IgTDGWcS4Ld3zEazmovGK1o9Qmt0Nnh1RI4khV4ZrAH5Q1bz9NelLw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表2  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">劳均GDP增长率回归结果</span></strong></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.2</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  </span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Regression results of growth rate of GDP per labor force</span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.3  稳健性检验</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">上面两部分回归结果表明了城市群多中心空间结构对于经济绩效提高的作用，为了检验这一结论的可靠性，本文分别从变换空间结构计算方式和使用分位数回归两种策略进行稳健性检验。在变换空间结构计算方式方面，由于本文使用规模位次法来度量空间结构，已有研究指出该方法中城市的选取原则可能会对最后结果产生重要影响[24]，前面回归中在计算空间结构时使用了城市群内全部城市，因此，在稳健检验中用百分比截取城市数量和固定城市数量两种方法重新计算空间结构。按百分比截取城市，即将城市群内城市按照人口规模由大到小排序后，分别选取前25%、前50%和前75%的城市来计算空间结构。结果表明，按前25%选取城市时空间结构多中心化仍会促进劳均GDP的提高，按75%截取时，多中心空间结构既有利于劳均GDP提高，也利于劳均GDP增长率提升。运用固定城市数量法来计算空间结构是借鉴罗森(Rosen)的做法[25]，将城市群内城市按人口规模由大到小排序后，选取前50位的城市来计算空间结构，城市数量不足50的城市群则纳入全部城市。回归结果显示，无论是劳均GDP还是劳均GDP增长率都受到多中心空间结构的促进作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第二种稳健性检验策略中，用分位数回归方法检验空间结构对于不同经济绩效水平城市的影响，结果如表3所示。模型15～17分别为在劳均GDP的25%、50%、75%分位点上的回归，模型18～20分别为在劳均GDP增长率的25%、50%、75%分位点上的回归。结果显示，在不同分位点上多中心空间结构对劳均GDP和GDP增长率的提升作用都相对稳健，说明对于处于不同经济发展阶段的中国城市群，多中心空间结构都会显著提高城市群的整体经济绩效。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.1796875" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRhpYwLyl4vTbudxXx0WAKg8eibCMg3poHnGtTav9OT3KQ8Mibd6RB5QPg7RV5lIlGIWBSFWQjaBrBVQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(214, 0, 74);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 表3  </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分位数回归结果</span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tab.3</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  </span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Results of quantile regression</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(214, 0, 74);font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-right-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);border-left-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1em;font-size: 1.4em;font-family: inherit;background-color: rgb(214, 0, 74);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</section></section><section style="padding: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1;font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(42, 52, 58);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  <strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对“十四五”时期</span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  城市群空间规划的启示</span></strong></section></section></section></section><br  /></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">洞悉城市群发展规律，厘清什么样的空间结构有助于提升城市群的经济绩效，有助于提升城市群的经济有效性和建设可行性。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">但已有研究缺乏统一认识，研究方法存在很多缺陷。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">因此，本文运用相对更加准确的动态数据、更可靠的城市识别方法和因果分析手段，检验了城市群空间结构和经济绩效之间的因果关系，结论显示，多中心空间结构更有利于促进城市群经济绩效提升。</span></p><section style="text-indent: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">这一结论的政策含义在于支持城市群多中心空间规划的经济合理性，响应了我国以城市群为主体、大中小城市协调发展的新型城镇化战略，也与国家发改委提出的都市圈建设精神一致，为“十四五”期间城市群空间规划提供了具体政策启示。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，在发挥城市群各首位城市中心辐射带动作用的基础上，要考虑引导经济要素在城市群空间范围内相对均衡地进行分布，以取得更高的经济绩效，同时也有助于缓解要素过度集中于主中心带来的大城市病问题。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">这种策略在较小空间尺度上则体现为都市圈建设。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">其次，多中心空间结构取得更好经济绩效的原因不仅是降低了集聚不经济，而且通过城市间“规模互借”亦即专业化分工协作，在更大空间尺度取得了集聚经济，因而在城市群的空间规划中需要格外强调完善城际交通和通讯，实现基础设施一体化，以促进城市间的功能联系，这是多中心经济绩效的物质支撑。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">其中，城际轨道交通建设应尽快提到实施日程上来。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">最后，多中心城市群内部城市之间的联系在体制上是以突破行政区经济限制为前提的。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市群空间范围大，内部城市行政等级不一，诉求不同，只有建立跨区域的规划、发展和管理机制，才能为多中心空间规划顺利实施提供制度支撑。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: 0em;padding: 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">参考文献</strong></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1  孙斌栋，华杰媛，李琬，等. 中国城市群空间结构的演化与影响因素——基于人口分布的形态单中心—多中心视角[J]. 地理科学进展，2017，36(10):1294-1303.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SUN Bindong，HUA Jieyuan，LI Wan，et al. Spatial Structure Change and Influencing Factors of City Clusters in China: From Monocentric to Polycentric Based on Population Distribution[J]. Progress in Geography，2017，36(10):1294-1303.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2  Duranton G，Puga D. Micro-Foundations of Urban Agglomeration Economies[C]//HENDERSON，V，THISSE J F. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics (Volume4)，Elsevier-North Holland，Amsterdam，2004: 2063-2117.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3  ALONSO W. Urban Zero Population Growth[J]. Daedalus，1973，102(4): 191-206.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">4  孙斌栋. 从通州到雄安:中国多中心空间战略的实践及其现实意义[J]. 国家治理，2017(18):17-23.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SUN Bindong. From Tongzhou to Xiongan: Practice and Practical Significance of China’s Polycentric Spatial Strategy[J]. National Governance，2017 (18): 17-23.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">5  GOTTMANN J. Megalopolis or the Urbanization of the Northeastern Seaboard[J]. Economic Geography，1957，33(3): 189-200.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">6  HALL P，PAIN K. The Polycentric Metropolis: Learning from Mega-City Regions in Europe[M]. Routledge，2006.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">7  LANG R，NELSON A. Beyond the Metroplex: Examining Commuter Patterns at the “Megapolitan” Scale[R]. Cambridge，MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy，2007.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">8  FLORIDA R，GULDEN T，MELLANDER C. The Rise of the Mega-Region[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions，Economy and Society，2008，1(3): 459-476.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">9  MEIJERS E，BURGER M. Spatial Structure and Productivity in US Metropolitan Areas[J]. Environment and Planning A，2010，42(6): 1383-1402.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">10  LEE B，GORDON P. Urban Spatial Structure and Economic Growth in US Metropolitan Areas[C]//46th Annual Meetings of the Western Regional Science Association，at Newport Beach，CA. 2007.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">11  VENERI P，BURGALASSI D. Questioning Polycentric Development and Its Effects. Issues of Definition and Measurement for the Italian NUTS-2 Regions[J]. European Planning Studies，2012，20(6): 1017-1037.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">12  VENERI P，BURGALASSI D. Spatial Structure and Productivity in Italian NUTS-3 Regions[M]. Università politecnica delle Marche，Dipartimento di scienze economiche e sociali，2011.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">13  张浩然，衣保中.城市群空间结构特征与经济绩效——来自中国的经验证据[J].经济评论，2012(1):42-47.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">ZHANG Haoran，YI Baozhong. Spatial Structure and Economic Performance in Chinese Urban Agglomerations[J]. Economic Review，2012(1): 42-47.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">14  陈金英. 中国城市群空间结构及其对经济效率的影响研究[D]. 长春：</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">东北师范大学，2016:105-106.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">CHEN Jinying. Study on the Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration in China and its Influence on Economic Efficiency[D]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University，2016:105-106.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">15  侯韵，孙铁山. 中国城市群空间结构的经济绩效——基于面板数据的实证分析[J]. 经济问题探索，2016(2):80-88.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">HOU Yun，SUN Tieshan. Economic Performance of Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomerations in China: Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data[J]. Exploration of Economic Issues，2016 (2): 80-88.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">16  苗洪亮，曾冰，张波.城市群的空间结构与经济效率:来自中国的经验证据[J].宁夏社会科学，2016(5):129-137.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">MIAO Hongliang，ZENG Bing，ZHANG Bo. Spatial Structure and Economic Efficiency of Urban Agglomeration: Empirical Evidence from China[J]. Ningxia Social Science，2016 (5): 129-137.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">17  华杰媛. 中国城市群空间结构的演化、影响因素与经济绩效[D]. 上海：</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">华东师范大学，2017:32-37.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">HUA Jieyuan. Spatial Evolution and Economic Performance of City Clusters in China from Morphologically Mono- and Polycentric Perspective[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University，2017:32-37.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">18  李佳洺，张文忠，孙铁山，等.中国城市群集聚特征与经济绩效[J].地理学报，2014，69(4): 474-484.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">LI Jiaming，ZHANG Wenzhong，SUN Tieshan，et al. Characteristics of Clustering and Economic Performance of Urban Agglomerations in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，2014，69(4): 474-484.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">19  宁越敏. 中国都市区和大城市群的界定——兼论大城市群在区域经济发展中的作用[J]. 地理科学，2011，31(3):257-263.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">NING Yuemin. Definition of Chinese Metropolitan Areas and Large Urban Agglomerations: Role of Large Urban Agglomerations in Regional Development[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica，2011，31(3): 257-263.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">20  孙斌栋，李琬.城市规模分布的经济绩效——基于中国市域数据的实证研究[J].地理科学，2016，36(3):328-334.</span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SUN Bindong，LI Wan. City Size Distribution and Economic Performance: Evidence from City-Regions in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica，2016，36(3):328-334.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">21  GABAIX X，IBRAGIMOV R. Rank-1/2: A Simple Way to Improve the OLS Estimation of Tail Exponents[J]. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics，2011，29(1): 24-39.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">22  GLAESER E L，ADES A F. Trade and Circuses: Explaining Urban Giants[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics，1995，110 (1): 195-227.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">23  BARRO R J. Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries[J]. Journal of Economic Growth，2000，5(1): 5-32.</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">24  MEIJERS E. Measuring Polycentricity and Its Promises[J]. European Planning Studies，2008，16(9):1313-1323.</span></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">25  ROSEN K，RESNICK M. The Size Distribution of Cities: An Examination of the Pareto Law and Primacy[J]. Journal of Urban Economics，1980，8(2): 165-186.</span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(69, 140, 130);box-shadow: rgb(153, 166, 171) 0px 0px 3px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px;background-color: rgb(180, 38, 30);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(180, 38, 30);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 延伸阅读 </strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><h2 style="margin-top: 20px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5OTU5OTkzMg==&mid=2650812143&idx=1&sn=9af1ad9e86e07b93902b9d58185dbbce&chksm=bccd84bc8bba0daaa19ada35496c39cb758332e71c68799b8ca1f1d0410e94724306140287af&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="点击阅读>>【文章导读】单中心or多中心：求证中国城市群的合理空间结构" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击阅读>>【文章导读】</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">单中心or多中心：</span></span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></a><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5OTU5OTkzMg==&mid=2650812143&idx=1&sn=9af1ad9e86e07b93902b9d58185dbbce&chksm=bccd84bc8bba0daaa19ada35496c39cb758332e71c68799b8ca1f1d0410e94724306140287af&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="点击阅读>>【文章导读】单中心or多中心：求证中国城市群的合理空间结构" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">求证中国城市群的合理空间结构</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;"></span></a></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2、</span>知网链接：</span></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">http://wap.cnki.net/touch/web/Journal/Article/CSGH201909011.html</span></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网址栏<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">复制搜索此链接</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">或 点击文尾</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“阅读原文”</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即可下载全文</span></h2></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><section style="margin-top: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，转载请在后台留言</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">封面图片源自中国政府网</span></section><hr style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.346875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRiaPv4ciaCyNzygzKmXu3SVAgScLIbDXxG5sL3msicfZOTiaL10dowKGNsOnEichr5AOUjnecMXUaG680Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;margin-bottom: 4px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: left top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;margin-left: auto;margin-bottom: 4px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent transparent;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right top;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 5px 8px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">官方投稿网址</strong></span>：http://www.planning.com.cn</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微博</span></strong></span>：http://weibo.com/cityplanningreview</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号</span></strong></span>：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电子期刊</span></strong></span>：App Store搜索“”(支持iPad下载)</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国内统一刊号</span></strong></span>：CN 11-2378/TU</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国际标准刊号</span></strong></span>：ISSN 1002-132</span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;width: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-top: 4px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;width: 16px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);width: 16px;transform: rotate(-45deg);transform-origin: right bottom;border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-left: auto;margin-top: 4px;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent rgb(192, 21, 21) rgb(192, 21, 21) transparent;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 21, 21);border-top-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-right-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);border-left-color: rgb(192, 21, 21);box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><img data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="275" data-ratio="0.5255731922398589" data-s="300,640" data-type="gif" data-w="567" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaRRGMYpf5IMDDYv7hrsYzbm1Qy3NypQme09sqSMlEUWG1vmPfwqSUtjvVM8SBic3ibtxZWav0XPyqw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 558px !important;"  /><strong style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注我们，精彩无限~！<img data-ratio="1" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/mpres/htmledition/images/icon/common/emotion_panel/smiley/smiley_84.png" data-w="20" width="20px" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: text-bottom;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 20px !important;"  /></span></strong></section>
				<br />