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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfWT7C7SVfW1FDWETBUQGmon9B8LfjTZnm3yC5yyhblB2UWs2l8lKZZQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.1073825503355705" data-w="745"  /></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(206, 204, 207);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(206, 204, 207);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(25, 119, 190);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 31分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(241, 162, 162);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(238, 170, 148);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(238, 170, 148);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 12</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月20日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8d9NzN0wjLSo2a0kr89lOdJZLyBrTNVd9yRG6hoIAVgicszs2tIJXjlXQibIJVJ1cI4yupyp00QjHA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lHOYNV1loicUoR689X4eTGds9wKRcweAVk8JKUee2Fbu0DyL8JSukFSrIBaIuuXPzULONavLRObA77OHhQxibfEw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lHOYNV1loicUoR689X4eTGds9wKRcweAVk8JKUee2Fbu0DyL8JSukFSrIBaIuuXPzULONavLRObA77OHhQxibfEw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lHOYNV1loicUoR689X4eTGds9wKRcweAVk8JKUee2Fbu0DyL8JSukFSrIBaIuuXPzULONavLRObA77OHhQxibfEw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 48px;margin: 10px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -5px;width: 3em;height: 3em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfVxkibyNw3L9kMNmqltf5EHI8ywCNsiciaia9GP1Ria9aCfc8HMs2DfRnbEg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfVxkibyNw3L9kMNmqltf5EHI8ywCNsiciaia9GP1Ria9aCfc8HMs2DfRnbEg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.9962406015037594" data-w="266"  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -2px;margin-left: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: right;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 3em;height: 1.5em;margin-top: -5px;border-radius: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em;border-left: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-right: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-top-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 48px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3em;height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 1.5em 1.5em 0px 0px;border-left: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-right: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-top: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-bottom-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: right;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-right: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -2px;margin-left: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: -5px;width: 3em;height: 3em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfm0bzr2qu21zsfaOb0dlRhDtf1Thjf1Na4vzAFGRhSEicjbg32dP5WPw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfm0bzr2qu21zsfaOb0dlRhDtf1Thjf1Na4vzAFGRhSEicjbg32dP5WPw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.9962406015037594" data-w="266"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 48px;margin: 10px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -5px;width: 3em;height: 3em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8d9NzN0wjLSo2a0kr89lOdWkbxYEwWEE8CibrvPqOc9cT7nMnRMS3sZffx7Oa3qvPib1tAH1oYFRAw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8d9NzN0wjLSo2a0kr89lOdWkbxYEwWEE8CibrvPqOc9cT7nMnRMS3sZffx7Oa3qvPib1tAH1oYFRAw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -2px;margin-left: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: right;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 3em;height: 1.5em;margin-top: -5px;border-radius: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em;border-left: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-right: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-top-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 48px;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3em;height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 1.5em 1.5em 0px 0px;border-left: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-right: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-top: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-bottom-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: right;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-right: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -2px;margin-left: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: -5px;width: 3em;height: 3em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfem8YcJF7hKmg7ytdJRFKoSe8B31xUQXqAYhMCJXJiaNcWaTbmKjmceg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfem8YcJF7hKmg7ytdJRFKoSe8B31xUQXqAYhMCJXJiaNcWaTbmKjmceg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.9962406015037594" data-w="266"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lHOYNV1loicUoR689X4eTGds9wKRcweAVk8JKUee2Fbu0DyL8JSukFSrIBaIuuXPzULONavLRObA77OHhQxibfEw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ </strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">NACTO</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/</strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">赵哲毅、邢博涵、王璎珞、林中朴     </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/ </strong>众山小<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">    校核/ </strong>众山小  </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ </strong>李宵 </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">  排版/ </strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">MC     </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lHOYNV1loicUoR689X4eTGds9wKRcweAVk8JKUee2Fbu0DyL8JSukFSrIBaIuuXPzULONavLRObA77OHhQxibfEw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lHOYNV1loicUoR689X4eTGds9wKRcweAVk8JKUee2Fbu0DyL8JSukFSrIBaIuuXPzULONavLRObA77OHhQxibfEw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8d9NzN0wjLSo2a0kr89lOdMNW1GibQrYBJEdxHDxY9oDZ9bLKqAqNRa6ibiaaS7VXhGce6udKzicicvjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/D7UL5icaqTyfrPuM5R8n6JbtyzicIuiasY7mib8dYSh9QZ4sQxIyeibm7qbol6QXcHVbhDNN1Nuh5EOZypdsa1xfWZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.0734375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 48px;line-height: 1;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="91.3,91.3 6.3,91.3 91.3,6.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="97" y1="0.7" x2="0.7" y2="97" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 8px 8px;background-color: rgba(130, 171, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 数据 </strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EHdDjwgjvDuR5rDpqjx3z5hNI9cxBQicASur3CprDdjckptJVwWt3hy69eghjicaPV8jia9SFEEDblL8txW64raTA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 35.9822%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(73, 89, 112);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如今数据已成为交通规划与交通管理的基础，有预测表明，自动驾驶汽车在城市行驶的过程中，每小时可产生4TB以上的数据，各个城市和企业面对这前所未有的巨大数据量，需改变其数据管理的方法。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">手机和GPS的出现开创了交通数据的新天地，网约车和共享单车服务的发展提供了更为广泛的数据，包括实时位置信息、路线、准确的上下车地点、时间、行程持续时间、速度和费用等。自动驾驶车辆需实时识别、分类和评估环境，将为数据收集提供更多的机遇和挑战。解决交通数据的问题：如何收集，管理，保护和存储数据，由谁收集以及数据保存多长时间将是自动驾驶的基础。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于大多数人，数据可以为出行决策提供依据，并有助于节省出行时间。私营公司也可以利用收集客户的数据用来预测需求，设置价格，制定路线并制定个性化行程等。随着市场的融合，企业也许要利用从一个来源收集的数据去开发其他产品。而城市则扮演着双重角色，作为数据的消费者，城市需要数据来监控道路状况、简化运营、管理供应商和跟踪随时间变化的趋势。但是作为保护公共利益的第一线，城市必须努力确保个人数据的收集、使用和存储都是安全可控的。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0%;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 10px 6px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% -5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 45px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 64.7 40.8" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path d="M36.2,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0c0.5,7.4,6.7,13.3,14.2,13.3c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C53,8.9,54.2,4,57,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7c-0.1,0.6-0.1,1.2-0.1,1.8C36.2,26.7,36.2,26.9,36.2,27z" fill="rgb(210,236,246)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path d="M0,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0C0.6,35,6.7,40.8,14.3,40.8c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C16.8,8.9,18,4,20.8,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7C0,25.3,0,26,0,26.6C0,26.7,0,26.9,0,27z" fill="rgb(210,236,246)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">拓展阅读：交通数据的定义</strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: rotateX(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateX(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateX(180deg);-o-transform: rotateX(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 64.7 40.8" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path d="M28.5,13.8c0-0.2,0-0.4,0-0.6l0,0C28,5.8,21.8,0,14.3,0C6.4,0,0,6.4,0,14.3c0,7.2,5.3,13.1,12.2,14.1   c-0.5,3.5-1.7,8.4-4.5,12.5c0,0,19-3,20.7-24.7c0.1-0.6,0.1-1.2,0.1-1.8C28.5,14.1,28.5,14,28.5,13.8z" fill="rgb(210,236,246)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path d="M64.7,13.8c0-0.2,0-0.4,0-0.6l0,0C64.2,5.8,58,0,50.5,0c-7.9,0-14.3,6.4-14.3,14.3c0,7.2,5.3,13.1,12.2,14.1   c-0.5,3.5-1.7,8.4-4.5,12.5c0,0,19-3,20.7-24.7c0.1-0.6,0.1-1.2,0.1-1.8C64.7,14.1,64.7,14,64.7,13.8z" fill="rgb(210,236,246)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;background-color: rgba(104, 139, 183, 0.31);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(73, 89, 112);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通数据可分为两大类，行程数据和资产数据。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">①行程数据（Journey Data）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">行程数据描述了人或货物是如何从A到B的，包括他们停在哪里、使用什么交通模式、每周收到多少货物等详细信息。行程数据的许多方面通常是可识别的信息。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">②资产数据（Asset Data）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">资产数据描述了基础设施的信息以及基础设施是如何使用的。这包括静态信息，例如关于街边空间位置、交通信号灯、道路、公交站点和常规信息（例如街道封闭、转弯限制）。如今的资产数据库往往不完整，且与其他机构或私营公司维护的其他数据集不兼容。在未来，资产数据可能包括有关使用或限制的实时信息-例如，停车位是否在使用？这条街是开放的还是封闭的？汽车行驶的速度有多快？车辆是否越过警戒线？向资产数据集添加使用和监管信息可以指导自动驾驶汽车，并有助于管理街道运营，且不会引发旅程数据带来的隐私问题。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.3.1 面对交通数据城市应该...</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">①增强收集资产数据，并对其分类和推送</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市应该加强建设资产数据，对其资进行分类，并更新街道基础设施，以便能够推送相关街道使用方式的实时信息（例如，道路封闭、路线限制、停车占用、交付区使用等）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">②关注开放数据规范和互用性</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标准化开放数据是公共部门和私营部门成功合作的重要前提。随着市场上数据工具数量的激增，如果城市不优先考虑开放数据，它们将面临被视为专有工具的风险。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">③增强和更新数据管理策略</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市应将行程数据归类为个人身份信息，各城市应确保其数据政策和做法定期更新，并应鼓励以公共通行权运营的移动供应商采取负责任的数据管理模式。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">④建立内部数据能力</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市应加强建设内部员工分析和管理数据的能力，使之能够辨别数据的质量，增加和更新资产数据。除此之外，各城市还应在数据管理、统计、检查和欺诈检测等关键技能或专业知识领域培养内部员工的能力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">⑤控制通讯方法</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未来自动驾驶将需要大量的短距离和远程通信系统。各城市应制定政策，以正确的方式管理通信硬件，以确保每个人都有参与的能力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">⑥隐私的协调</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与欧洲不同，美国缺乏全面的消费者隐私保护政策来指导数据的收集、存储、使用和共享。各城市应倡导更强有力的消费者数据保护法。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfzK86bxtBAbKleR4NVCtolnf1mQciaic0hV5pmpFTHJOKOZ7TYStvLf1g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7240740740740741" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"></em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、资产数据</span></em></strong></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EHdDjwgjvDuR5rDpqjx3z5hNI9cxBQicASur3CprDdjckptJVwWt3hy69eghjicaPV8jia9SFEEDblL8txW64raTA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 35.9822%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(73, 89, 112);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">每天，从交通速度、交通量到出行方式和公交使用，都会收集数十亿个详细的街道级数据点。这些数据对街道的运营和管理至关重要。街道级别的数据点可以从各种不同的来源聚合，图中描述了城市可以用来更好地管理交通网络和向用户推送资产信息的各种数据流的选择。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfFk5gBwV8XSzGXsFKz11fnkV7NuK65ubNbf5X8K7KXpj4wicvcwREb5A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5212962962962963" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、行程数据的路径</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.3.2 行程的挑战——数据和隐私</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无论谁持有旅程数据都会对隐私带来挑战。 例如，当在手机上启用位置服务时，位置数据将跟踪人的运动。全球定位系统在电话上的单位“每隔几分钟或几秒钟，创建一个详细的路线图，位置数据可以定位一个人的行程：例如一个人到医生那里，一次政治集会，或一次工作采访。这种信息都是很私密的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据科学的进步以及数据的体量、精度和广泛性的巨大增长意味着行程数据很容易成为识别人体的信息。这有两种情况：</p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可识别的行程方式——</strong></em>即使在匿名数据集中，人们也可以很容易的被从日常行程模式中识别出来，例如从家到办公室、学习场所或商店等。研究发现，在一个超过6个月的150万人的数据集中，使用手机塔上的三角测量定位点，四个时空点足以识别百分之九十五的人。</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">与其他数据结合——</strong></em>旅程数据可以与其他数据点结合成为PII。 例如，就其自身而言，单个地理空间数据点（如乘车地点）不是PII。 但是，当与电话簿或反向地址查找服务结合使用时，该数据就可以链接到个人。 例如，在2014年，研究人员依照信息自由法从纽约市出租车和豪华轿车委员会(NYC TAXI and Limousine Commission)取得匿名化处理过的出租车地理位置数据，并使用MapQuest对其进行地图绘制，很快识别出在Hustler Club打车的人的住所，再通过将家庭住址与地址查询网站、Facebook和其他来源相结合，研究人员就获得了各个顾客的“财产价值，种族，关系状况和法院记录”。</p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">今天的数据管理方式将影响我们明天生活的世界。公共部门和私营部门都应设法制定数据法规和政策，增加用于规划和决策的信息，同时加强隐私保护，确保数据得到适当保护和管理。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于城市公共部门必须加强他们的数据管理和分析能力。各城市还应调整采购和开发流程，优先考虑开放标准，以避免对隐私和规划问题处理不当。随着城市收集更多的轨迹数据，应努力呼吁立法者和律师，从法规层面将轨迹数据确定为个人隐私信息，以防止不适当的泄露。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着自动驾驶汽车时代的到来，Facebook、Google和Weather Channel等互联网巨头的数据（过度收集）和处理不当的曝光，“数据权利法案”的呼声越来越高。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">欧盟的数据保护条例（GDPR）旨在防止公私部门滥用数据，为政府积极干预保护个人隐私提供了一个很好的范例。GDPR于2016年首次颁布，它定义了保护个人隐私的基本内容，包括限制过度收集数据的指南、知情同意规则以及匿名化、存储和访问的政策。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfo4mHBfCiaaKv7cIAKrajOgJfbL98GoDo3rVmia8HMms7WicbznhjrxfWQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.9314814814814815" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、数据匿名化方法（不同的数据匿名方法会产生不同的分析结果和保密性）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 1.6em solid rgba(249, 110, 87, 0.5);border-left: 0.9em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.9em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin-left: -0.6em;border-bottom: 1em solid rgba(104, 171, 249, 0.5);border-left: 0.6em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.6em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 640 18.8" style="vertical-align: 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fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M521.8,13.1l-25.4-0.5l-0.2,3l25.6,0.5c3.7,0.1,7.5,0.1,11.2,0.1l0.4-3l-5.8,0L521.8,13.1z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M584.1,13.1l-5.8,0.1l-25.4,0.1h-0.1l-0.3,2.9c10.5,0,21,0,31.6-0.2l3.4-0.1l0-3L584.1,13.1z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M607.1,15.6c10.9-0.2,21.8-0.4,32.7-0.5c0.1-1,0.2-2,0.2-3c-11,0.1-22,0.3-33,0.5L607.1,15.6z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M447.8,5.5c9.8,0,19.7,0.1,29.5,0.2l0.2-3c-9.9-0.1-19.8-0.2-29.7-0.2   C445.5,2.5,445.5,5.5,447.8,5.5z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M521.8,3.5L497.1,3l-0.2,3l24.9,0.5c4,0.1,8.1,0.1,12.1,0.2c0.1-1,0.1-2,0.2-3l-6.5,0L521.8,3.5z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M584.1,6.5l3.3-0.1l0-3l-3.2,0.1l-5.8,0.1l-24.7,0.1l-0.2,2.9C563.7,6.7,573.9,6.7,584.1,6.5z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M639.8,2.6c-11,0.1-21.9,0.3-32.9,0.5l0,3c11-0.2,22-0.4,33.1-0.5C640,4.6,639.9,3.6,639.8,2.6z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path></g></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 48px;line-height: 1;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.4</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="91.3,91.3 6.3,91.3 91.3,6.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="97" y1="0.7" x2="0.7" y2="97" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 8px 8px;background-color: rgba(130, 171, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市货运 </strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EHdDjwgjvDuR5rDpqjx3z5hNI9cxBQicASur3CprDdjckptJVwWt3hy69eghjicaPV8jia9SFEEDblL8txW64raTA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 35.9822%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(73, 89, 112);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的货物投递是城市功能结构中非常重要的一部分。超市和餐厅需要货运才能保证市民的食物供给。通常，这些包裹按照客户的需求装卸于路边或者指定区域。所以，可靠且持续的投递服务才能保证城市的发展与繁荣。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">快递当日送达和按时交付的业务大量增长，导致城市中的货物运输也在迅速增加。预期到2020年，当年所有交付的快递业务量将由2018年的110亿增长至160亿。再加上网约车服务数量的增加，城市的交通拥堵将愈发严重。专家估算，仅在2016年，卡车司机因交通拥堵浪费的总时间为120亿个小时，相当于745亿美金的额外运营成本支出。如果这时再将还没有规范化的无人驾驶技术引入，城市的发展将陷入混乱当中。所以，为了更好的迎接自动化的未来，城市必须制定完善的货运政策，这样才提高货物运输的效率与安全并降低货物运输的次数。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自动化为货物提供了独特的运输服务。全自动铁路运输服务，配合上全自动卡车可以让货物跨国家运输。通过合理的定价和有效的管理再加上政策的激励，全自动货物运输可以将货物运送到城市郊区的货物集散中心，再将这些货物分拨到更小的汽车，电动车或者人力三轮车。这些更适合城市尺寸的小车可以把货物有效的运输到人口稠密的中心区，并将它们交到客户的手中。这种发展模式已经在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹采用电动车的方式开始实验。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另外，全自动货物运输可能会加剧反乌托邦式的发展后果。全自动高速加挂大卡车会增加道路和高速公路的危险性。不受人工控制的全自动投递机器人可能会遍布人行道，使步行环境变的非常困难和糟糕。无人机投递业务也会使城市的噪音增加，而且增加了街道管理的难度。货物运输及投递业务劳动力占美国总劳动力的2%，如果全部过渡到全自动货物运输与投递，将造成大量人员失业，所以合理的安排和适合的方案对于未来的发展十分重要。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.4.1 城市应该怎么做？</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">①合并目的地</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现阶段，大多数货物投递都是由快递公司组织而不是按目的地组织。结果就是，多个投递公司为一座大楼在同一时间服务，从而增加了不必要的城市交通拥堵。为此，欧洲部分城市已经开始新的实践。城市与一些合作商共同建立了目的地集散中心，不同的快递公司将包裹全部运输到集散中心，再由集散中心根据相同或者相邻目的地安排全自动小汽车或者电动车投递。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">②非高峰期交付</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大多数商业交付或者部分办公室交付业务都是定期计划交付。为减少城市拥堵，城市和运营商应该根据时间段来制定交付时间价格以此来激励他们选择在非高峰期时间交付。此外，将可预测的交付业务转移到非高峰时间也为更紧急或不可预测的交付业务提供了空间和机会。非高峰交付业务可以和集散中心结合，可以帮助安排最后一英里在可行的时间交付，特别是对于小批量交付业务和没有夜班人员的企业。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">③小型货车</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如今，大多数卡车的尺寸都过大，很难适合城市街道尺度。它们的大尺度降低了它们在城市街道的机动性，也很难在城市中找到合适的地方装卸货物。在城市为全自动汽车做准备时，他们应该探索法规并鼓励公司优先购买较小并且适合城市尺度的汽车。像联合快递这样的公司已经在试运行用电动自行车进行交付业务。同样的，汽车交付业务也使用了半自动化系统来提高汽车运行的安全性。在2015年，欧盟就已经要求所有重载货车全部安装全自动紧急刹车措施和行车辅助系统来降低风险。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">④开发路边货物装卸数据库</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管理货运的关键在于管理路边装卸。城市应当开发一套路边装载区数据库来展示城市中装载区的地点，大小，运营时间，其他配套基础设施和周边的标识。城市还应与私营部门建立数据共享协议和伙伴关系，以进行货运量分析来更好的理解城市中的货物运输。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.4.2 全自动驾驶在货物运输中的机遇</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">①长距离货物运输</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于长距离货物运输，全自动驾驶汽车技术优势在于提高了运输效率，这使得公司在货物运输时可以不增加人工成本。对于铁路和重载卡车运输，可以将货物先卸载于大型仓储中心，然后再将货物整合后交付给当地的运输企业。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特别是成熟的全自动铁路运输，因为它们运行在固定的线路上，这将减少在复杂街道或者高速公路环境中安装许多外部传感器设备的需求。一些高级技术已经在火车上使用了，例如列车控制系统在检测到前方路障时会自动降低车速甚至紧急制动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于重载卡车货物运输，全自动驾驶还需进一步研究。一些美国和欧洲的公司正在测试联排货车运输系统。沃尔沃集团正在研究自动拖挂车系统以进行重复的长途运输业务。作为过度阶段，在全自动联排业务正式服务之前，许多公司都期望让排头车使用人力驾驶，后面的车只需跟着第一辆车进行重复的操作即可。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfYzeFE9iahTD6vK39pC7iclibVPsWtiaicnLODoSPdfraSvUuPYWSwHDwHzg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.3515463917525773" data-w="970"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、长途货运示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">②最后一英里</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了解决城市街道的复杂性，城市货物运输及交付业务最好使用全自动化结合人力的运输方式。使用当地的自动化小汽车来进行交付业务可以提高街道的安全性并提高规划路线使用效率。特别是在人口稠密的地区，小车是非常重要的。例如，伦敦市中心的一位投递员发现电动货运车每天的交付量远大于使用面包车交付的货物量。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大量商业楼与办公楼的货物交付预示着他们的货物需要一个集散中心，因为每天不同的运输公司将在同一地方出现很多次。正如欧洲目前正在探索的那样，根据要交付的货物和交付的频率，有很多方法可以选择，何时在何处合并货运并进行交付。例如很多公司依靠货物运输公司用大卡车将货物运送到集散中心，然后再依赖电动小汽车将不同时间段和不同公司运输过来的合并运输到指定地点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">③最后50英尺</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然全自动驾驶汽车可以根据地图来找到准确的地址，但它们很难找到合适的交货地点。为了提高效率，人工服务可以很好的解决这一问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市开发工具，预测算法和信息技术的成熟，支撑全自动驾驶的数据架构对路边管理和货运具有关键意义。例如，旧金山市使用传感器和可变计费器价格来创建基于需求的停车管理系统，该系统可以减少汽车来回周转和重复停车。驾驶员可以通过手机应用来找到合适的停车位。为了管理城市货运，城市可以开发一类系统来通知送货司机装卸区可用性。城市也可以利用路边装卸区系统来开发预定机制，让送货司机可以提前预定这一装卸空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfS6OZibmv4r6bo6rdSNicdEaxya6mRq4bVeelTmTuXY9tLulzIpB4BgMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.4351378958120531" data-w="979"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、最后50英尺交付业务示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.4.3 在全自动驾驶时代从业人员该何去何从</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，从事卡车运输业的人员有上百万，这些人的生计问题是急需解决的当整个行业开始向全自动化过度。卡车，出租车和网约车的从业人员占美国总从业人员的3%。这些行业总计为美国提供了超过410万个就业岗位。因为有色人种在这个行业占据着过多的职位，所以全自动化的过度产生潜在的风险会造成这些人陷入经济危机和打破社会种族平衡。在这种情况下，联邦政府，州政府和当地政府有必要采取措施避免这种大规模的劳动力市场混乱。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于货运而言，城市街道的复杂性以及包裹投递地点和投递方式的差异性意味着在最后一英里和50英尺创造工作岗位的必要性。但是，随着全自动驾驶汽车技术的成熟和人为辅助操作的出现，这些工作的情况也会变化。公司必须采取措施以确保他们的员工可以对未来的技术做好全面的准备。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除货运外，政府还应该考虑大环境下的自动化时代转变，需要指定相对应的政策来缓解由于自动化导致短期内失业率上升问题。政府可以通过研究全自动驾驶对就业影响来推导对整个大环境的影响。当大规模失业真的发生时，政府应该通过法例来确保失业工人得到失业保险和医疗服务来继续保证当地社会治安。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市可以单方面采取行动让这些失业人员来驾驶市政府车辆以缓解城市过高的失业率问题。作为一个整体，城市可以支持提升工人权力和创造出一些其他方案以解决全自动化时代导致的失业潮。例如，从现在开始增长他们的工资或者让他们具有全自动驾驶汽车的所有权。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.4.4 以人为本的货运</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在美国范围内，大型卡车占美国车辆总数的4%，但却涉及7%的行人交通死亡，11%的自行车骑乘人员死亡以及12%的汽车和轻型卡车驾驶员死亡。在制定政策准备迎接全自动时代的到来，城市和公司都可以通过使用更小尺寸的货车来提高运输效率和安全性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在效率方面，研究表明使用较小车辆可以通过加快装卸时间来提高效率。这可以提高机动车道与人行道之间灵活区域的价格，并帮助公司减少获得罚单的次数。在阿姆斯特丹进行的研究表明，电动货运自行车可在3分钟内完成装卸货物，而从火车上完成相同的任务量却需要12分钟。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同样，通过将货物合并为较小的车辆以进行最后一英里的交付任务，快递公司也可以降低运载货物的空车率问题。美国交通部《优化大型车辆以适应城市环境》报告中指出，美国卡车的平均运力在50%到90%之间，并且，空卡车每年的行驶里程超过200亿英里。所以合并相同地址或相邻位置的包裹可以大大降低这些不必要的运输里程。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在安全方面，降低货运车的尺寸由两个好处。首先，大卡车，不管是无人驾驶还是有人驾驶，都具有较长的刹车距离，一旦发生事故，后果是不堪设想的。现今，卡车的设计依旧没有多大的改变，驾驶员在驾驶过程中的视觉盲点还有很多，这就无形中增加了碰撞的可能性。现在的卡车设计，需要全方位的视觉感知，并且再配合上传感器感知平台，全自动驾驶汽车的安全性将大大提高。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">再者。大型卡车的机动性也比小车要差，为了让大卡车在城市开行，市政只能修建更宽的道路和更大的实自路口。更宽的路面和更大的转弯半径会使很多汽车超速行驶，这样无形中降低了汽车行驶的安全性。当货运公司和政府车队全部换成小型卡车后，城市可以设计出更安全，更充满活力和更人性化的街道。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.4.5 未来道路边的装载卸货区设计</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfwaX8nezic4LuCZo4aesG308cZhGVLpsiat0cPImGHzRWPYhcESF0AibTA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5544174135723432" data-w="781"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、当今的路边停车卸货区</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现今，卡车只有在有可用的停车位或装卸区时才能合法装卸。然而，装卸区的设计通常小于卡车的尺寸，或者装卸区被其它车辆，垃圾桶等物体占据，使得装卸区变得不可用。路边其他停车位采用先到先得政策，也不会优先给送货车辆服务。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfHoGyOJL4U3tXnic1Q9p5XKfzXRgM0DaZI0eOAFuQqM6g4w84Edib94ng/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5531370038412292" data-w="781"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、未来的路边停车卸货区</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未来，路边停车动态价格可以更有效的管理路边的接驳停车，从而为运营商和接收方提供更多的便利，以减少它们的停留时间或承担更高的停车价格风险。并且，较小的车辆也可以提高装卸效率从而减少停车时间。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.4.6 未来微货运设备的挑战</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">①无人机：城市最前沿的发展</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfCKnydjnIZ9kwOAwvVFVgHhiaKHQENlrvd3hFSEOjF2sTj62Dr5hdTSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.9081196581196581" data-w="468"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、未来的包裹投递无人机。图：Eduardo Famendes</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无人机或者无人驾驶汽车投递业务是一个相对较新的概念。这些无人设备具有运送轻型货物的能力，现在已经使用它们将一些敏感的货物，例如药物和血液样本，运送到较为偏远的地区。2016年，美国联邦航空管理局开始允许公司在美国测试用于商业用途的无人机。该机构对无人机及其运送包裹的总重量设置了限制，而且操控人员还需获得官方颁发的执照才可以驾驶无人机。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于城市而言，无人机的激增导致城市不得不考虑一些特殊问题，例如城市领空管辖权的问题，包裹投递的问题和公共通行权的管理拓展到普通街道以外的问题。不仅如此，城市交付无人机也会在飞行的时候产生85分贝的噪音污染。虽然这些问题应属于美国联邦航空管理局，但是城市应当在这方面起到主导作用，以减轻潜在安全问题，降低噪音和合理分配空间使用问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">②人行道：对机器人说不</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfrHu1d91VSy21oc1FwuzVA0ymKGCwsFcraVKrlicy1XwmkoDEOiczict1g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.906183368869936" data-w="469"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、未来的包裹投递机器人。图：Starship Technologies</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">货运领域最有远见的愿景可能是人与野餐篮或者文件柜大小的送货机器人共享人行道的概念。虽然弗吉尼亚州，佛罗里达州，和威斯康星州已经放宽了这些机器人的运行政策，但旧金山仍旧限制它们在人行道上运行。就算允许机器人上上路，也需要对应的公司申请许可证并且在指定区域内运营。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在行人活动频繁的人口稠密地区，机器人很可能会阻塞人行道，给行人带来不便或危害行人。如果没有彻底禁止，则应严格限制它们。相比之下，这些小型机器人可能会在严格控制下的工业园区或者大学校园内发挥更重要的作用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/D7UL5icaqTyfrPuM5R8n6JbtyzicIuiasY7mib8dYSh9QZ4sQxIyeibm7qbol6QXcHVbhDNN1Nuh5EOZypdsa1xfWZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.0734375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 45px;height: 45px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgba(104, 127, 183, 0.45);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: -32px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(15, 79, 67);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、为自动驾驶时代而设计</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 48px;line-height: 1;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="91.3,91.3 6.3,91.3 91.3,6.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="97" y1="0.7" x2="0.7" y2="97" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 8px 8px;background-color: rgba(130, 171, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全街道设计</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/EHdDjwgjvDuR5rDpqjx3z5hNI9cxBQicASur3CprDdjckptJVwWt3hy69eghjicaPV8jia9SFEEDblL8txW64raTA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 35.9822%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(73, 89, 112);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国是全世界交通事故最严重的国家。要解决街道安全问题，改善公交出行，减少二氧化碳排放，街道的设计和管理是最有用的工具。无人驾驶的出现让我们有机会利用技术重新塑造我们的街道。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">今天，美国30%的二氧化碳排放来自交通。我们应当吸取过去的教训。小汽车主导的城市景观会产生种族和经济的隔离，高发的交通事故，过长的通勤时间和升高的全球温度。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要确保无人驾驶时代的安全，城市必须优先发展高运量的公交和有人使用的交通方式。政府和交通部门应通过用户数据与数字工具加强管理，结合街道设计来管理车速，流量，交通方向等。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.1 管理未来街道</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 109, 159);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.安全性与舒适性政策</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-行人是被探测到的，而不是被连接的</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-低速，稳定的速度</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-休憩场所</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-孩子也是街道使用者</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 109, 159);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.效率与增长政策</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-公交优先</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-实时街道数据采集</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-人行道需求管理</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-拥堵收费</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-商业场所</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 109, 159);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.安全性与舒适性工具</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-更窄的车道</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-更小的汽车</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-更小的转弯半径</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-更频繁的安全岛和横道线</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-小型环岛</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 109, 159);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.效率与增长工具</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-公交优先/专用车道</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-更好的公交车站</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-一天多时段管理</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-绿色设施</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-移动枢纽</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 109, 159);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5.共同的工具</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-传感器及街道相关技术</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-保护的自行车网络</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">-步行广场</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.2 未来充满活力的街道</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在无人驾驶时代，街道将以行人，骑行者及公共交通乘客为主。更小更窄的车道会减少交通冲突及行人的过街时间，使自行车设施空间更大。公共交通作为城市交通系统骨干，应为其设计专用道。灵活多功能的人行道可提供各类公共或私人活动，比如卸货，小型停车位公园等。街道设计以及无人驾驶应将速度限制在40km/h，且市中心居住区，学校等敏感地区应控制在 25-30km/h。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfxg0sbXV522dmlQIhaNwFiaGvpibA1qJia9ia4ROHybAVOOIcibOr6fpG3ww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.48703703703703705" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、充满活力的未来街道</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.3 未来街道新准则</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfsACE96HqJ8BTfBEYCtz8TibvB0c4ic1fIWRndYugCFDAHbSP52pSP00w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5333333333333333" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、未来街道设计准则一</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">更多过街机会：</strong>未来无人驾驶时代，路中过街将会再次成为常态。每隔50-100米的路中过街，以及无人驾驶车流会有的充分的间隔，将缓解交叉口拥堵，使行人流线更流畅。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">停车距离：</strong>为保证街道安全，车速可以通过技术管理控制在40km/h以内，且在市中心等自行车公交车未与其他机动车隔离的地区，车速应低于30km/h。车辆间的协调，车流量的降低以及信号灯延迟的减少将会创造更流畅的交通。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">车辆间距：</strong>城市应避免建造无法穿越的高速公路。各类交通工具的分流将为行人提供更安全，更可穿越的街道。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfxwRRVPqFmpzXoYg7MhgY53zFvkIemQxoD622FBibkEUnR6HuxSMoCyA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5564814814814815" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、未来街道设计准则二</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">环岛及分隔带：</strong>在连接且自动化的车辆时代，交叉口能容纳更流畅的通行量。在一些交叉口，环岛及慢速交通更加合适，</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">上落客点：</strong>减少主干路上路边停车的机会，使其必须右转到支路才可路边停车。这样主干路的人行道可被用于更多人行活动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">更短过街距离：</strong>更窄的车道及隔离带可减少行人过街距离，以及更频繁的停留时间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.4 更安全，多频的过街机会</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfzDXH3icPUmNsib1yeHExLQbDVSgmb3dWsnMmqhQlticSr7v6U87E6Gzaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.6398148148148148" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、今天的过街方式</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfnDWG0H2s1HRtKGReQVEAPusGzlqoyxuz6k37ZKCuMNQVfT8ha8w44g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.8721804511278195" data-w="931"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、未来的过街方式</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行过街场景：</strong>现在的街道步行环境较差，常缺少人行道，无障碍通道且人行道崎岖不平。通过设计更平滑的人行道，供行人停留的隔离带，保证机动车间距，未来街道将对所有人群更加友好。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 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border-box;">在上图中，①起初一个用轮椅的人想要离开咖啡店去街对面的见朋友，想从路中过街。他向左看穿过了与人行道同一标高的自行车道。②他在慢行可变车道等了一会，有一辆卸货车驶进来。货车监测到有行人靠近，所以将车速降低到16km/h且随时可停止。③他到达了主要车行道，看到行驶的车离他有一定距离，便开始过街，但因为轮椅碰到障碍物因此速递减慢。行驶来的车侦测到行人还在过街，因此将速度降低至16km/h来保持和人的距离。④他来到公交专用道并等公交开走，且看到其他可变车道的车都为他停下来。于是他匀速过街去见了他的朋友。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">骑行过交叉口场景：</strong>未来自行车及无人驾驶之间会更加流畅。现在右转车辆和自行车常有冲撞。无人驾驶必须能在交叉口探测且避让自行车。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section 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border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十三、骑行过街示意</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在上图骑行场景中，①骑行者到达路口，此时有一辆无人驾驶车右转。该车探测到了骑行者且计算了其轨迹，并在到达路口前降速。此时黄灯亮起，无人驾驶车可通行，骑行者也能看到此信号灯。在此期间，车辆可通行但必须一个接一个通行且避让行人。信号灯还会有行人/自行车通行时段。无人驾驶侦测到跑步者，通过计算该车通过交叉口时跑步者才刚到路口。②自行车道在路口向右侧偏，为转弯车辆避让行人提供停留空间。当骑行者接近路口时，无人驾驶车降低速度准备随时停车避让。该车预测骑行者将直行，所以将车速减慢，使其能够在1米内停车。③此时无其他车辆，因此骑行者直行穿越路口。无人驾驶车在路口等候区等待自行车和行人通过。并且该车的导航算法已经计算出在该路口会停留。④骑行者顺利穿越路口，且此时过街行人也已到达，无人驾驶车辆起步转弯，继续前行。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.5 街道类型</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当今的街道是一个世纪以来以小汽车主导的道路设施，并没有提供可靠安全的城市交通。以人为主的街道将更加有效。下文列举的街道类型不仅仅依靠无人驾驶，而是创建了更可执行，安全，有效的交通模式和道路空间。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfvLIwbxPt4B405tibbf6PPTrNpLG3IYlQj0cBWTiakFicGISHPQtWdRyyA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5481481481481482" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十四、未来街道类型</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多车道林荫大道</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkf8vwGabQA3sLwtQMYoQ0GVM3ZhQvpv1FY3c9Ol9P0iaKz46YIVkHCxjg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7777777777777778" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfNpv763G14qaJrWURNFpiaKZQjCuL9WZMx4RcP23XH590LTMb9gtgNSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.2383838383838384" data-w="495"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfySeUiazAqa1gw3seImXTUA1yQmgOL7iaCiaNaibl0icZoKfWqz4kUTRfmNQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.23647294589178355" data-w="499"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十五、多车道林荫大道及道路断面示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">主要公交道路</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfSIAYYfM0z7aK1MOUYeBCS1OMP4kKuZN3e63c0hpialTtFIMu7XfQx6g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7842592592592592" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkf27SIy8iaw7kI8DpjicNqTrNhkibC3k5uVvIu7nDgrPQfDbpKg7GicoNX3A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.34210526315789475" data-w="418"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfa63g7WexXLjsPe5SRU3ibwFYFNjgDhokibibcWwjhCgtviaJibt2ic2vxosg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.34523809523809523" data-w="420"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十六、主要公交道路及道路断面示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">市中心街道</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfAtcLXvp9LFuxhdpM2Gu7rK54NHFDvwSfJhIGyKoswE6Z7ljyF9Jj1A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7981481481481482" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkf4yfsBtr1p5r1Yt1upjgmIwe2nUO0icicql643ETMjxKibYwric2YvIOUgA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.35070140280561124" data-w="499"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfqYW6tEJpmEoWFOCtKPc8QJDiaEwiaEicibQsDOMBmibk7mAIfrcgh9xoCjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.352112676056338" data-w="497"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十七、市中心街道及道路断面示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区主要街道</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfs0cjAKJ4RtkmNc73EKw6Y1zuSyqSEUK0sDs8hIKwDuuHiac3YQTDKiaA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.8166666666666667" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkf8T2cYeDkPakG1N1rdrdO1mNlrlktucbVASFf3BtxeBf5kP8UcXiauYw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.4082687338501292" data-w="387"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfygeTiaA9GaJhiamarrsdZyI51GUUfqOnzOufDqYgpsIqdNU8slAdE46g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.4370179948586118" data-w="389"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十八、社区主要街道及道路断面示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住区街道</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfnNDIiaj6kicP4YGD9YCGiaduT5eBVOHskyFfyjrOYfkLULkbSbsuWMk2g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7657407407407407" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfzKoNaH082ibXQemWw9kt4HqZgLicwWVXoWCHDpFc63gwLyhwXVAmq6Vw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.3333333333333333" data-w="474"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfEib1uia81efuEYB35gJqg3p0n2XIQzBTMYiccj89l6fsycyZbTLwiciaxiaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.3659574468085106" data-w="470"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十九、居住区街道及道路断面示意图</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 1.6em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.9em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.9em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin-left: -2.2em;border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(113, 215, 202);border-left: 0.6em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.6em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 640 18.8" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M1.8,15c9.6,0,19.2,0.1,28.8,0.2l0.2-3c-9.7-0.1-19.3-0.2-29-0.2C-0.6,12-0.6,15,1.8,15z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M75.7,13.1l-25.4-0.5l-0.2,3l25.6,0.5c3.7,0.1,7.5,0.1,11.2,0.1l0.4-3l-5.8,0L75.7,13.1z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M138,13.1l-5.8,0.1l-25.4,0.1h-0.1l-0.3,2.9c10.5,0,21,0,31.6-0.2l3.4-0.1l0-3L138,13.1z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M161,15.6c10.9-0.2,21.8-0.4,32.7-0.5c0.1-1,0.2-2,0.2-3c-11,0.1-22,0.3-33,0.5L161,15.6z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M291.5,13.2l-5.8-0.1l-13.2-0.3l0.3,3l12.9,0.3c8.2,0.2,16.3,0.2,24.5,0.2l-0.5-3L291.5,13.2z" 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d="M447.8,15c9.6,0,19.2,0.1,28.8,0.2l0.2-3c-9.7-0.1-19.3-0.2-29-0.2C445.5,12,445.5,15,447.8,15z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M521.8,13.1l-25.4-0.5l-0.2,3l25.6,0.5c3.7,0.1,7.5,0.1,11.2,0.1l0.4-3l-5.8,0L521.8,13.1z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M584.1,13.1l-5.8,0.1l-25.4,0.1h-0.1l-0.3,2.9c10.5,0,21,0,31.6-0.2l3.4-0.1l0-3L584.1,13.1z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M607.1,15.6c10.9-0.2,21.8-0.4,32.7-0.5c0.1-1,0.2-2,0.2-3c-11,0.1-22,0.3-33,0.5L607.1,15.6z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M447.8,5.5c9.8,0,19.7,0.1,29.5,0.2l0.2-3c-9.9-0.1-19.8-0.2-29.7-0.2   C445.5,2.5,445.5,5.5,447.8,5.5z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M521.8,3.5L497.1,3l-0.2,3l24.9,0.5c4,0.1,8.1,0.1,12.1,0.2c0.1-1,0.1-2,0.2-3l-6.5,0L521.8,3.5z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M584.1,6.5l3.3-0.1l0-3l-3.2,0.1l-5.8,0.1l-24.7,0.1l-0.2,2.9C563.7,6.7,573.9,6.7,584.1,6.5z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M639.8,2.6c-11,0.1-21.9,0.3-32.9,0.5l0,3c11-0.2,22-0.4,33.1-0.5C640,4.6,639.9,3.6,639.8,2.6z" fill="rgb(193,154,107)"></path></g></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 48px;line-height: 1;color: rgb(104, 139, 183);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -5px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="91.3,91.3 6.3,91.3 91.3,6.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="97" y1="0.7" x2="0.7" y2="97" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 97.7 97.7" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><polygon points="6.3,6.3 91.3,6.3 6.3,91.3" fill="#FFFFFF" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></polygon><line x1="0.7" y1="97" x2="97" y2="0.7" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="4" stroke-miterlimit="10" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></line></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 8px 8px;background-color: rgba(130, 171, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0.8px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">开放的路缘 </strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一直以来，绝大多数城市都是基于周边土地利用和此前的先例来管理他们的路缘。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在实践中，这通常意味着潜在需求最大的路缘，例如主要商业街的路缘，会和其它路缘采用一致的收费标准。而行为科学和经济学表明，潜在需求较大的路缘应该以最高等级和最短间隔来定价，以鼓励快速周转和面向尽可能多的顾客。在大多数城市，路缘管理是静态的，基于时间限制，使用方式和居住环境。这使得城市管理者无法根据一天内的不同时间段或面向需求响应动态调整价格。这无疑使得路缘收费的挑战更加复杂。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但情况已经在发生改变。在许多城市，路缘正在被多样化的新用途所激活，包括共享单车，共享汽车，货车卸货，食品餐车，生物滤地，面向行人安全的路缘扩展，车辆扬招点，配送车辆和其它用途。如果使用公交和共享服务的人数变大，周围居住和商业区域的停车压力就会减小。一些灵活的，自适应的设施使用方式，包括像停车改造公园这样的永久公共空间，或是餐车或小商铺这样的临时计划，都可以用来解放路缘。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不论是现在还是未来，管理路缘都十分重要。新兴科技可以帮助城市动态地塑造和管理路缘，使其灵活地在不同的时间服务不同的用户。通过各类传感器的助力，按需使用的路缘空间能够根据不同的时间和公共使用优先级的切换调整路缘的价格和使用权限。实时的路缘管理系统可以允许车辆在到达的前几分钟自动预约时间段。有了充足的数据，城市管理者能够主动管理路缘，实时调整价格，按需改变用途，且自动完成以上执行来保证周转。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市并不需要等待完全自动驾驶车辆来享受新技术带来的红利。技术进步正在让传感技术的成本和器件尺寸迅速下降。城市正在重装静态的停车仪表来实现动态收费。城市更应该通过公开路缘使用方式和路缘使用规定，与企业建立智能化相关合作，使用诸如激光雷达的新技术等方式，进一步投资新技术的应用。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.1 谁能得到路缘使用的优先</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当路缘使用逐渐变得频繁密集，城市管理者需要制定路缘使用的优先级和管理框架来决定如何针对用户优先级进行决策，包括制定决策来平衡期望的经济收益和公共利益。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">①巴士，公交和自行车</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfwpJibuUhuq5aLEJ9bx9KgkNFC2rb79LyiaHxn5cnLEY5cqngV5IIFGpg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.8440233236151603" data-w="686"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二十、巴士，公交和自行车使用路缘</em></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市管理者制定的路缘使用的优先级和模式，应该能够以最可持续的方法来服务最广大群众。巴士，辅助公交或其它高效的客运方式处于第一位。主动出行方式能够与公交衔接，是最为可持续的方式而且所需要的空间也最小，也应该处于高优先级。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">②货运和配送</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkf16jN0g7ibwFrBO4wV8N5lzZibldZWHKVbb5fefHthdBibic1drXF5PZ8eg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7168784029038112" data-w="551"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二十一、货运和配送使用路缘</em></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，由于货运配送对维持本地经济十分必要，城市应该关注货车和配送对路缘的需求，以及相应的绿地空间供人们放松，集会和购物。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">③私人出行车辆</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfq0q6jeAVTtxu91bxkXf8MKxhIg5oC0vv30MlQbnyMuYib1peQ37eBQQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.6833333333333333" data-w="420"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;">图二十二、私家车使用路缘</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，只有当其他需求都被满足之后，城市能够为私人出行车辆分配空间，不管是共享的，车队的，个人的或是扬招服务所需空间。</p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.2 未来街道分区</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfg6p2hUeic6VVPtdoahfpGTickDay87y190bV9u9dL9fe74hWh5YtIdOw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1.127536231884058" data-w="1035"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二十三、未来街道的区域划分</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfmytOKxz9jDia4osE7I7pQN4QQQaKXAhVowv2sicvpEjV99raicKGd7pRQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1.194767441860465" data-w="1032"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二十四、灵活区域</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -15px;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.3.3 编码路缘</p></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;margin-top: -15px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(73, 89, 112);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当城市升级路缘的管理，转向按需管理系统，他们需要保证这些信息以标准的，开放的且能够被街道使用者获取的方式来编码。尤其是有关路缘设施如何被使用的数据流，能够帮助管理者理解一天内的使用需求，并以此来制定不同使用方式和用途的优先顺序。一些新的数据分享试点项目已经将路缘管理试点作为公私领域合作的测试床。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市管理者应该从公开路缘使用和管理办法开始，积极使用像激光雷达这样的新技术来收集自动化数据。掌握和管理路缘资产数据是城市能够把控路缘未来的重要方式，尤其是当私营企业已经开始记录路缘数据用于各自的交通管理。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 80%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section 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border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkf88a1q91ZNianPmA0Ky9uUkViciccdxZeSCiacPCVHOEfeqqDdaS4qm0qdw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.053125" data-w="960"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/R5q4NAraiaZRj4zXSibpxPx4JcdmASbwDibaOicv2wsEUDU0XbtSOJGpQT4VyOiaOlib7icAWMaBPtwXPp2ibmJiaWN1gnQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 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center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.144" data-w="750" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/cwy5x9qSyDfdXfgX3JvDryic1BOMWl92dbawQtra28yhqGL4QrUZ98RTnv1D1iawyhEXF0dIs8wQoibZ0L48iblsTQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;padding: 2px 0px;border-style: solid none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 212, 210) rgb(255, 169, 172);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Y4vlEiaQAswfeZ8Z7Pq9l5SAt1LCmWnfhicaobpGWbG4trSzDkt62u1EW6XDKoIrZFYL9q7j5BT69gAZ4R78ibyCg/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1;padding: 0px 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全文终</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Y4vlEiaQAswfeZ8Z7Pq9l5SAt1LCmWnfhicaobpGWbG4trSzDkt62u1EW6XDKoIrZFYL9q7j5BT69gAZ4R78ibyCg/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -40px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 5px solid rgba(249, 206, 87, 0.35);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgba(130, 171, 218, 0.5);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.77;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 42px;color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);letter-spacing: 7px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8d9NzN0wjLSo2a0kr89lOduGGLKhsqzVHK5mA6HXwKLsW0d0xo7lSBMmb0oyzXIuLjaNRmuKYAGA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.2908093278463648" data-w="729"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfIIN2ekQCw5x617QHiaY8AWFEnq52ZMEku5rFQdtcVibtIfAhgREmmibFQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.2955801104972375" data-w="724"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfP5XbnCQkG3rkLQk5XrEg0UHneRcTyDhuv5Ric7hib85v3Q8mEUtichjjw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.3897280966767371" data-w="662"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(180deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -30px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);opacity: 0.77;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 42px;color: rgba(249, 145, 87, 0.44);letter-spacing: 7px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">免费下载<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(125, 146, 160);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">免费下载一览众山小提供的原文资料：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">微信公众号 后台留言<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮 Daizongliu@qq.com </p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  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middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.2955801104972375" data-w="724"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9Z8o9JCa8A1q1evWRhdrkfP5XbnCQkG3rkLQk5XrEg0UHneRcTyDhuv5Ric7hib85v3Q8mEUtichjjw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.3897280966767371" data-w="662"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img 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0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为独立的专业志愿者团体，秉承专业理想与价值观，不依托任何机构，信守非盈利原则，帮助中国城市可持续发展。我们关注的领域包括但不限于：城市规划与发展战略、城市交通、公共交通与非机动化出行、活力街区、街道与城市设计、量化城市与大数据。至今我们已经拥有遍布全球近420名志愿者网络，并推送1900篇专业微文。作为微信公众号平台最大的线上专业志愿者平台，我们感谢您对我们的关注和支持，并欢迎加入我们！</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">-</strong></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, 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