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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgSvkBLhEEiaoib2oDoQ6sJY3Uag5ZShVc8PZ8oQs4tV5ps3BXdAbIYNQ3XoSicmZAicTk3ibl4PIEmYUQ/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgSvkBLhEEiaoib2oDoQ6sJY3Uag5ZShVc8PZ8oQs4tV5ps3BXdAbIYNQ3XoSicmZAicTk3ibl4PIEmYUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者西安建筑科技大学教授、博士生导师，西安建大城市规划设计研究院总工程师黄明华，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院硕士研究生赵冰婧，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院硕士研究生胡仕婷，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院讲师王琛在《规划师》2019年第18期撰文，《城市居住区规划设计标准》(GB 50180—2018) 对营造舒适的居住生活环境、经济有效地利用土地和空间做了进一步的完善。但是在对高层居住街坊进行最大开发强度限定时却存在全国“一刀切”的状况，使其实施存在很大的现实不适应性。对此，文章通过进行模型验证，结合我国城市建设的实际情况，指出《城市居住区规划设计标准》(GB50180—2018) 中高层居住街坊容积率上限值3.1的不合理性及“80 米终结高低配”的谬误所在。随后借鉴发达国家和地区的相关经验对该问题进行反思：开发强度“一刀切”的管控模式不仅导致土地经济效益难以得到充分发挥，还影响城市空间美观。因此，对于开发强度的控制应该在维护公共利益的基础上，放权给地方，结合城市设计进行综合考虑，分区、分类进行精细化管控；对指标的调控留有余地，以满足市场经济条件下对城市开发控制管理的需求，从而有效引导空间规划建设，提高管制的科学性与可操作性。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(156, 94, 21), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 高层住宅；居住街坊；开发强度；一刀切；科学性；可操作性；城市设计</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)18-0031-09</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU981　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]黄明华，赵冰婧，胡仕婷，等．《城市居住区规划设计标准》的街坊开发强度探讨[J]．规划师，2019(18)：31-39．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对《标准》中高层居住街坊最大<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发强度限定的模型验证</span></strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）研究对象及条件设定</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文采用日照软件模拟法，利用众<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">智日照软件，以户均3人为标准，致力</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于构建满足日照、停车和绿化需求等影</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">响居住品质要求的居住街坊模型。为了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便于研究的开展，需结合《标准》在居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住街坊层面的相关规定，对研究对象和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">条件做进一步设定，设定如下：①地区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及相应日照标准。基于我国气候分区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选取我国人口密度最大的Ⅲ区中的长江</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">沿线城市( 大寒日日照2小时) 和欠发达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地区Ⅴ区的中部典型城市(冬至日日照1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小时)。②绿地。根据《标准》的规定，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满足人均绿地面积大于等于0.5m2，在日</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照标准阴影线范围之外的绿地面积大于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等于总量的1/3。③地块尺寸。根据《标准》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对居住街坊尺度的要求，选取2.25hm2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(150m×150m)、3.75hm2(150m×250m、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">250m×150m)、4hm2(200m×200m) 作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为模型地块的尺寸。④户型。选取一梯</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">两户、一梯三户、两梯四户和两梯六户</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的居住户型并进行相应的拼接。⑤建筑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高度。按照《标准》的规定，设置建筑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层数为19 ～ 26 层。⑥停车。地面停车</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小于等于住宅总套数的10%；地下车库</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层数为1 ～ 2层。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二） 技术框架及验证思路</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究以容积率为核心，将日照、周<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边条件、户型和用地尺寸4个容积率技</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">术性影响因子同时叠加，进行模拟布局，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统计在不同的情况下，容积率超出《标准》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规定的3.1上限值的模型数量比例。验证</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">思路如图1所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9648855" data-w="655" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRBia8qa7jENVrbfu9tgPc8ELzvN3Tx8sAhKxMMsKoAAYgwrqiabrA5aDw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据《标准》中住宅建筑平均层<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数类别，将模型地块分成建筑层数均为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">19层的地块和建筑层数均为26 层的地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">块，一共做了275种验证方案。其中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层数为19层的模型地块共有167个，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层数为26层的模型地块共有108个。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在满足设定条件的基础上，根据地块周</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边条件对地块容积率影响程度的不同，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将模型地块从周边条件影响程度最小</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到影响程度最大进行排列。由于模型数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量较多，篇幅有限，不能一一列举，这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">里对南北有无遮挡情况进行详细列举；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">东西有遮挡、四周有遮挡的情况，则以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地块建筑层数均为26层的模型地块为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例，只对容积率超过3.1的情况进行列</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">举，满足III 气候区中大寒日日照2小</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时的要求，其他验证条件不变。通过讨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">论容积率和相关因子的关系，再对既有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模型进行规律总结。模型工作过程如图2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8798752" data-w="641" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaR6xR4ag97K0kND0icG1u7AnPwy6icQc9VVibuIUF8b2VqGRPn40eOZnxLQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总体看来，在以上275个模型中，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绝大部分模型地块的容积率都超出了《标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准》给定的3.1 上限值。容积率在《标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准》要求以下的(低于2.9) 有55个，占</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">比20%；在其要求的2.9 ～ 3.1以内的有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">20 个，占比7%；而超出3.1的有200个，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">占比73%。其中，在南北有无遮挡情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的263个模型中，容积率超过3.1 的模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">型占72％ (图3)，对于没有超出3.1的，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">原因如表2所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4502841" data-w="704" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRdHRAvcic7KkSeTDNXlia7BibBKXk6xrbXY2mJIfNUbQelicQe9TOKHwwug/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2946097" data-w="1076" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRmMq6JlK31Cp2R3MKjpyvmfhLBXv8L5lxwppyObj70AGweuXXQ2fUHw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在充分满足日照、绿地和停车等要<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求的基础上，容积率超出3.1的模型地块</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数量占比尽管呈现下降的趋势，但是依</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然可以在条件最不利的情况下找出容积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率超出《标准》给定范围的例子。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从数值上看，一方面，对于《标准》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所规定的地块容积率最高值3.1 而言，笔</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者在最理想状态下通过对模型进行进一步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究发现，当地块大小为150m×150m</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和250m×150m时， 若将26层的一梯</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">两户和一梯三户进行组合布局，则地块</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容积率最大可以达到5.78( 图4)。另一方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面，由于《标准》是根据住宅建筑的平</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均层数进行管控的，说明如果在一些高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层中嵌入一些多层，那么地块多余的空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地也能得到更加充分的利用，容积率必</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然超出3.1的上限值。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9166667" data-w="360" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRj6PWTz1Z7oEFU1kwVE2b8sFRnMX4JZsFG71QIvHiaHK28CfpP4jqVIQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另外，笔者通过对比《标准》规定<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的集中绿地面积与模型中的绿地面积发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现，理论要求的绿地面积远远小于模型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地块所能绘制出的绿地面积(图5)，即</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使是在最理想的状态下(容积率为5.78)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其绿地面积也能远远超出《标准》给定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的数值，这说明《标准》对地块容积率</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行3.1 的限定已经与其限定初衷相悖，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造成了用地浪费现象。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4942693" data-w="698" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRZqWtDjobL5ETNLH93nw6UXjzlibTl53rhlqjxKFZLyib91CiagcGM1ReQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以上模型地块从验证数量上看，绝<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大部分超出了3.1，因此《标准》在高层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住街坊容积率的上限值是不合理的。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">进一步的探讨</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在以上模型验证的基础上，本节将<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进一步从现实角度出发进行探讨。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）容积率“一刀切”的现实不适应性</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.不规则地块的现实不适应性</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国幅员辽阔，地形复杂，城市中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">存在很多大小不一、长宽各异的居住地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">块。而《标准》对于地块尺寸采用的却</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是标准化的管控方式，这对于新区地块</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">来说尚且适用，但在我国城镇建设发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模式已从粗放式开发转向品质型提升的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">今天，《标准》的规定对于城市建设而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">言显然说服力和管控效力不足，理想化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的街坊形态没有结合我国城市建设的实际</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情况，具有很大的现实不适应性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，从不同类型城市中任意选取<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">几个居住地块可以发现，城市中零碎狭</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小或地形曲折的三角畸零地或其他不规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则地块不在少数，在规划设计之初已被</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路确定了规模和边界。这种现状路网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限制了地块内建筑的布局，难以实现《标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">准》要对接的“小街区、密路网”模式。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并且，由于《标准》中居住街坊用地尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">寸与相应的建筑控制指标相对应，包括</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容积率、建筑密度最大值、绿地率最小值、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑高度控制最大值和人均住宅面积最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大值等，但这些指标都是相对于《标准》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规定的街坊尺度而言的，对于一些尺度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不定、形态不规则的地块来说，由于其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尺寸难以满足《标准》强制性规定的区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间范围，若要实施，必然难以对其进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相应的指标配套。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，城市由许多用地共同组合而<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成，是市场规律和人们生产生活需求的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体现。而《标准》规定的街坊尺寸大小</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">只适用于四周均为居住用地的均质情况，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于居住用地与不同用地性质及功能地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">块结合的情况则轻虑浅谋。一方面，作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为规范居住区的《标准》，很难对其他</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型用地的尺寸大小进行规定，但是如</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">果因为该地块本身尺寸没有符合《标准》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的要求就禁止其他用地的建设，不仅违</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">背市场规律，还不利于社会公平。另一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方面，尽管《标准》也允许地块周边出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现其他用地形式，但是如上所述，现实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中绝大部分其他用地和居住地块相接壤</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的边长是不在《标准》所规定的地块尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">寸范围以内的，这又使《标准》的规定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自相矛盾。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，不规则地块有其存在的合理<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性与必然性。一方面，对于一些老城区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">来说，如若不考虑不同地块产权之间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关系而强制性进行地块标准化划分，必</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将带来社会纠纷等问题。另一方面，由</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同形态地块产生的拼贴状态是健康城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市的应有之态，无差别的统一标准式的控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制方式不仅是对城市原有肌理的破坏，还</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会使蕴含丰富文化的城市之美荡然无存。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人均城市建设用地指标相对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较低的地区的现实不适应性</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在我国，用地紧张地区大致可以分<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为两类：山区城市和超大城市。这两类</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地区由于城市人均建设用地指标相对较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低，导致人均居住用地指标也相对较低。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因《标准》在居住用地层面相应的强制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性管控指标均是以35m2的人均住宅建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑面积为基础指标衍生而出，故对于这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类地区而言，若要达到该标准，只有进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一步提高居住用地容积率，才能满足相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应的发展需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，深圳于2018年12月修订完<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成的《深圳市城市规划标准与准则》，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将城市主要中心区的核心地区分别纳入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">密度一区、二区，将大部分城市建设区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纳入密度三区，其中密度三区居住用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基准容积率由2.8提高到3.0，容积率上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限由5.0提高到5.5；密度三区居住用地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地块若位于地铁站点500m范围内，其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容积率上限可按照密度一区、二区执行。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在重庆，由于人口密集并受到山地等自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">然条件的限制，可建设用地有限，用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">紧张程度仅次于北京、上海，特别是在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">一些人口密集区，居住地块容积率上限</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">值已经远远超出3.1。这些规定显然与《标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">准》中的容积率指标是相违背的。那么</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在这种情况下，地方标准与国家标准该</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如何取舍？《标准》“普适化”的强制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性规定是否能满足这些城市的发展需求，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">满足生活在城市中人们生活的需要？</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）“80 米限高终结高低配”的谬误</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《标准》依据《若干意见》“改变<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市建设中过分追求高强度开发、高密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度建设、大面积硬化的状况”的要求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为避免高密度居住空间损害城市风貌的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现象，实现“让城市更自然、更生态、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更有特色”的目标，在全国“一刀切”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地将居住街坊内住宅建筑最大高度限制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在26层以内，并且认为80m的限高就</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能终结过去住宅建筑比例失态的“高低</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配”现象，同时能够合理设置高低错落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的建筑群。尽管从更好地满足消防要求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等角度来看，这一规定有其可取之处，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是就其避免“千城一面”的初衷来看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">80m限高终结“高低配”的说法缺乏足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">够的科学性与说服力。如果说过去是从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑本身的结构和消防安全的角度出发，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将100m作为住宅高度的界限，那么如</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">今的80m限高依据何在？如果说是为了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">避免“千城一面”，那么仅仅进行限高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">就能避免住宅建筑“高低配”等不良建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑空间形态对城市风貌的损害吗？</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，从避免“千城一面”的角度<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">看，《标准》中80m限高的规定与该初</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衷相悖。一方面，《标准》对于住宅建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑是以平均层数进行控制的，规定平均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层数要满足19～26层的区间范围。但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是在住宅建筑高度控制的最大值方面却</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限定在80m(26层)，并且没有给予该上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限值可浮动的范围，进一步默认可存在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整个居住区建筑均为80m的开发情况。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如果说过去是由于开发商的逐利行为而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导致住宅建筑“高低配”现象的发生，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">那么如今的控制方式等于使新的“一边</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">高”问题合法化，导致大面积建筑层数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">为26层的居住地块的产生；另一方面，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">《标准》没有因地制宜地对高层住宅群</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体进行恰当的安排，对于如何合理“高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">低错落”地布局建筑缺乏相应的研究。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">且不谈80m“一刀切”的管控方式将带</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">来空间同质化的问题，即便是在开发过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">程中满足了《标准》所希望的从19层到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">26层的住宅建筑高度，对于城市整体而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">言，21m的高差与“ 一刀切” 的80m</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">限高依然会造成城市空间层次单一。尤</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其是对于山地城镇而言，山体轮廓线与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建筑轮廓线相辅相成，天际线高低错落，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">共同丰富了城镇的景观和空间层次。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如果片面地对占大多数城市空间的住宅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建筑进行80m的限高，将破坏城市的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间景观，打破既有天际线的美感，难以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">凸显城市的美和特色。因此，“一刀切”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的限高行为非但治标不治本，反而弊大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">于利，难以实现让城市“更自然、更生态、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">更有特色”的目标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而已有经验表明，在不破坏城市与<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">周围生态空间整体形态关系的情况下，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住宅的层数虽然超过了26层，但是依然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能够在满足人们居住公共利益的前提下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">使城市的居住空间与生态空间达到和谐</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共生的状态。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其次，从城市发展的角度看，城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展规律决定了建筑高度在城市区位上呈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">梯度分布，城市中心区由于区位、地价和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通等优势明显而导致用地紧张。通过对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一些国内外城市中心区的住宅建筑高度进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行探究可以看出，由于商业与房地产业具</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有空间共生性，越靠近中心城区，高层住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅越多，层数越高。同时，从既有的建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情况看来，建筑高度几乎都超过了80m，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是市场规律的体现，如若对此进行统一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的限高不仅会破坏市场规律，还会导致</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地的粗放式利用。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对《标准》中居住地块开发控制</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">的思考</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）对发达国家和地区的住区开发管控方法的借鉴</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前国际上对于城市居住用地开发<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强度的控制依据和控制方式有很多，尽</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管对于不同国家或地区来说各自管控的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">侧重点有所不同，但是基本上都是立足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于地方政策、市民需求、规划目标等进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行了适合自身发展的用地分类和开发控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制的相应管理，注重提高土地利用效率</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和居住品质，相对于我国《标准》给定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的“普适化”控制指标更具备科学合理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性和可实施性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过对中国香港、日本大阪、美国<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽约的居住用地分类体系及相应的开发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控方法的研究分析，可以发现三者的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管控方式各有不同。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国香港在把握城市与整体区域生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态环境关系的基础上，以确保合理的公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共设施配置和环境质量水平为前提划分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同的密度分区。其中，中国香港都</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会区划分为3个密度分区：住宅发展密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度第一区适用于有大容量公共交通设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务的地区，包括港岛和九龙已建成的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大部分地区，容积率最高可达10；住宅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展密度第二区为中密度的住宅发展区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通条件相比第一区较为不便，最高容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积率可达6.5；住宅发展密度第三区由于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">受到交通和环境条件的限制，最高容积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率为3.0(表3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.715415" data-w="759" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRiaTcNjZkZfqdQG6auvCmlEzFonVFK0rZ9PdF5ZdFPl940PCoe0DicY7Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国纽约在精细化管控的前提下，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">给予市场更大的选择性以及与城市既有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">肌理的协调性。其根据家庭数和住宅密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度的不同，将居住用地分为10类。其中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">R1～ R5为低密度居住区，远离城市中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心，住宅层数低，汽车占有率高，容积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率为0.5 ～ 1.25；R6～R10为高密度居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区，往往靠近城市中心，遵循高度系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数规则、优质居所规则和塔楼规则。高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度系数规则将容积率与建筑层数挂钩，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从R5到R9，容积率为2.43～7.52；优</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质居所规则从尊重城市肌理的角度出发，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为了延续肌理往往允许更高的容积率，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从R5到R10，容积率为2.2～10.0；塔</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">楼规则中R9 ～ R10的塔楼，容积率在7.52</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">～10.00，对于商业区的最高密度公寓，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其容积率最高可达10，建筑密度最高可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以做到地块100% 全覆盖(表4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4840183" data-w="438" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaR53ByqFQqgCJoic6W9pibQeCfLlErpdotibTnUhAonILQd6UvWjB1M6Zxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日本大阪居住用地使用基本区划法，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据居住密度的不同，分为低层居住专</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用区、中高层居住专用区、普通居住区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和准居住区，并以保护居住环境、确保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境质量的最低限度为原则，对其进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开发强度的限定。其居住地块大小不等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尺寸没有严格的规定。除低层居住专用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区外，建筑密度均可达60%，中高层居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住专用区的容积率为2.0和3.0；普通居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区和准居住区的容积率为2.0、3.0和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.0(表5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7241867" data-w="707" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaREPzPX9ibuH6U4eVnFbHC8FfZgdLDFhNq6gUu6WcN1MOOLoxIADkPExA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发达国家和地区的居住用地分类及<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相应的开发强度管控主要是在满足公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利益的前提下对经济效益的最大的研判，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体现出在市场经济体制下的地类混合属</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性。根据城市中居住地块所处区位的不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同，可以采取不同程度的精细化的开发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强度管控方式以提高土地利用效率。容</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积率指标高低随着混合属性的不同而发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生变化，对于地块的尺寸和最大开发强</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度均没有进行强制性规定，充分遵循市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场规律。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的整体空间形态也是城市开发<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控制的重要对象，不同于功能用地分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类的抽象性，空间形态分类更多强调的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是建成环境及建筑的空间发展目标( 如高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层建筑区、低密度开发区和开阔地等)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“基于城市设计的理由提供不同的城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计形式”，“并满足市场不同界别的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需求”，“为避免城市形式单调乏味，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过不同密度的住宅发展，缔造更有趣</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的城市面貌”。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）对《标准》中居住地块开发控制方式的反思</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《标准》依据《若干意见》提出的“为<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">改变城市建设中过分追求高强度开发、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高密度建设、大面积硬化的状况”而对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住区开发强度提出限制的要求，原则</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与思路是正确的。但是就现实情况看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其“一刀切”的规定缺乏足够的说服力，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在最大开发强度的设定方面也缺乏足够</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的严谨性与科学合理性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，这种规定体现出的是对《若<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">干意见》的片面理解。《若干意见》在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本内容上明确提出要避免城市建设盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目追求规模扩张、节约集约程度不高的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现象，在总体要求上也提出要努力打造</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和谐宜居、富有活力、各具特色的现代</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化城市，改变以往的高速建设，转为侧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重以人为本的品质型提升，从而达到让</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人民生活更美好的目标。因此，“改变</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市建设中过分追求高强度开发、高密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度建设、大面积硬化的状况”实则是《若</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">干意见》针对以往开发过程中出现的损</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">害人民居住利益的情况(如因侵占绿地、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">停车位不足、公共服务设施缺位等导致</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的居住环境品质低下等问题)，对新的居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区规划设计提出的要求。《标准》的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规定应该建立在集约利用土地的前提下。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">而本文通过验证得出的结论，在大多数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">情况下，当建筑层数最高(平均)26层、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">容积率3.1时，建筑布局将因过于松散而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导致土地的浪费，难以发挥土地的最大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">效益，与“精明增长”“紧凑城镇”等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理念相矛盾。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，如果按《标准》所言，在相<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同容积率和平均层数的控制下，只要限</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定了最大高度(80m)，比例失调的“高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低配”将无法实现，同时能改善以往的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住品质低下的状况，但是城市风貌、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宜居生活、公众利益等仅仅是由26层、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">80m的高度来决定的吗？限制了建筑高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度就能实现这些目标？这种说法实则没</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有依据，因为这带来的是由建筑群落组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合而成的一种新的比例失调的“千区一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面”，即出现大面积高度均为80m的千</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">篇一律的住宅区，而且在压缩高度的同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时牺牲地面空间，不利于城市空间形态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的创新，与《若干意见》提出的“打造各</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具特色的现代化城市”的说法相背离。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">再次，从城市建设成本与管理的角</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度看，一方面，原各地控规中存在不少</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容积率大于3.0甚至大于3.5的住宅用地，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">按照80m限高容积率如何处理？已出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">让土地是否退还差价？控规效力与规范</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何取舍？是否需要大批量调整法定图</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则？另一方面，已有经验表明，“一刀切”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的管控方式在市场经济条件下必然会造</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成控制指标的普遍性失效。以广州旧城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住用地规划控制为例，有关研究根据</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《广州宜居标准研究报告》分析统计，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2007～2010年广州市十区批出的修建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性详细规划共有316个，在这316个样</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本数据中，广州旧城区居住样本容积率</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为3.4，远远高于《广州市城市规划管理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">技术标准与准则》2.9 的上限要求。其原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因就是无差别的普遍低的“天花板式”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控制指标无法满足市场作用下的城市更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新需要。《标准》给出的上限值在市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场经济条件下过多干涉了投资人的权益，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于一些新建项目来说，难免存在开发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">商在进行经济核算后放弃后续项目而导</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">致的土地资源浪费。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最后，从土地经济的角度看，城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中心作为人口集聚的地方，应该顺应市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">场规律，提高土地利用效率，降低生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">成本。而《标准》对于强度的控制并没</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">有因地制宜地结合城市的实际情况进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">考量，在居住地块开发强度的限定方面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体现出的是“计划经济观”，试图在复</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">杂多变的市场中以“放之四海而皆准”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的开发强度指标设定来以“不变应万变”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对全国所有的居住地块进行统一的开发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">强度限定。典型的计划经济思维导致土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地经济效益难以得到充分发挥。同时，《标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">准》中提到我国城市建成区平均道路网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">密度提高到8km/km2，且道路面积率达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">到15％，道路占地面积增加使得城市整</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体开发强度将进一步下降。这对于城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">核心区而言，不但导致土地利用效率相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对较低，而且也给用地紧张的城市建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">带来更大的压力。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）对我国城市居住地块开发控制层面的改进建议</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">逐本寻源——转变传统管控理念，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">把握核心控制要素</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经以上分析可知，《标准》“一刀切”<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的指标控制缺乏弹性，其逻辑上认为只</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要容积率降低到一定程度就能提升居住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的品质，高容积率代表的是对居住环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的破坏，而低容积率则能保障居住品质。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这种理念从根源上来说，是对“容积率”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">概念及容积率与其相关因子的因果关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的误解，在居住区规划设计和管控过程</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中没有把握核心控制要素，只是为了控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制而控制。笔者认为，把握容积率与环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境品质的关系，应该将环境品质转化为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具体的可落实性指标。按照《标准》的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规定，与环境品质相关的指标有住宅建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑日照、绿地、停车位和公共服务设施等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此，在对住区开发管控的过程中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应从根源入手，转变以往的容积率“一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">枝独大”的管控理念，地块开发时应以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保障公共利益为核心，关注住宅建筑日</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照、绿地、停车位和公共服务设施等公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共利益因子与开发强度指标之间的合理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配建关系，从而控制和引导居住用地的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合理开发，体现土地开发的综合效益，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保障城市居民的公共利益。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因地制宜——强化城市设计，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分区、分类实现精细化管控</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结合发达国家和地区的相关管控经<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">验，笔者认为，面对社会经济发展需求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与我国城市规划集约用地的总原则之间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的矛盾，应该在保持合理的公共设施配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置和环境质量水平的前提下，遵循市场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规律，充分发挥土地经济效益。居住地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">块开发强度的控制应适应城市整体发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需求，将当地的管理与城市设计相结合，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">把握总体与局部相协调的原则，根据不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同的城市及其居住地块所处的位置，进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行分区、分类，细化标准，编制差异化、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">精细化的地方标准。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在分区控制层面，根据城市的发展<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设情况及与周边生态环境的关系等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行相应的居住密度分区。考虑不同密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度的住宅发展，结合城市设计导则对不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同分区进行相应的指标细化，在探索可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以接受的开发强度最大值的同时，应使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">每个发展密度分区的最高容积率可以在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本区的最高容积率和下一层次密度分区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的最高容积率之间进行浮动。对于城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市集中建设区而言，在尊重城市肌理、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保护自然环境的前提下，可适度进行高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">密度开发，使城市建设既能充分发挥城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市中心区的土地经济效益，又能保证居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民能够享受相对优质的居住环境。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在分类控制层面，立足于保护居住<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境和满足不同人的住居需求，在分区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基础上进行分类，顺应市场规律，对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同类别住宅的开发强度进行精细化管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控。尤其是对于旧城改造区而言，应该</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行全面细致的调查，充分了解地块的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情况，以保障公共利益为目标，使指标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调整既能发挥土地的经济效益，又能尊</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重不同居住地块产权的权属。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.完善相关机制</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(132, 81, 21);border-right-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);border-left-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于地块开发的控制，不能将指标<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定得过于死板，在刚性划定分区后，其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标应有一定的调节余地。但指标的调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">节应以保障公众利益为前提，并且需要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个透明、公正、可靠的制度和监督机构，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明确如何评审增加容积率的需要、增加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容积率的幅度、增加容积率的必要性以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及为社会提供的好处等。另外，还需要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在建立调节机制时，确定能够允许调节</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的最大限度。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 5px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p></section><section style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1;padding: 5px 5px 1px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 2px 1px 1px;border-style: dashed none none;border-color: rgb(44, 90, 160);padding: 0px;background-color: rgb(229, 240, 247);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 15px 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在当前国家空间规划体系改革强调<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">科学性和可操作性的背景下，开发强度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的有效管控已经成为我国城市发展建设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中面临的重要课题。对于居住用地而言，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对其实现有效管控直接关系到我国城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能否实现品质提升的目标。《标准》规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定的初衷虽然是为了提高居住品质，但</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是就其模式来看，显然不符合我国国情。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“一刀切”的粗放式管控方式不仅难以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实现管控目标，还会带来违背市场规律、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地利用粗放等问题。作为国家标准，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应该严格控制什么、放开什么，以提高</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">科学性与可操作性，这是《标准》应该</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">深入思考的问题。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: right;line-height: 1;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top: 0.6em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.6em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/pQsXbVicOVMpUvCYWB0QYkZicec3nrbHuiaNUy5IInJ6hpic1WD9XV0YqI0hpSaljh7QftuUGmWIxZSHXQ9TCShsuw/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年18期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年18期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《<城市居住区规划设计标准>的街坊开发强度探讨》</p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgSvkBLhEEiaoib2oDoQ6sJY3Uag5ZShVc8PZ8oQs4tV5ps3BXdAbIYNQ3XoSicmZAicTk3ibl4PIEmYUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;text-align: left;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 8px;border-radius: 8px;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可打开链接）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;padding-left: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建的现实困境与重构路径<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】国家公园体制背景下的自然保护地体系管理分类研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word 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left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛5】英国国家公园保护与游憩协调机制和对策<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛6】环境保护与地区发展的平衡之道——法国的大区自然公园制度与实践</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-left: -0.45em;border-top: 1em solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iaOklKzxWsLJq6bI1ExBODHUCibOmPRUcBXz72awCSxibkUNqalVHnO0CjsjIY92E7gnumwmibdrUcPyjTOibic2E8Ug/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgSvkBLhEEiaoib2oDoQ6sJY3slejWwEGibWElCtOAtobu0ScDqCqzr24LiaChqVtOApa5PcMDcDdH1mg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="850" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhiaBqia0w0xMdPg1PibicAHuiaRiaE0RH7iayO3SqiblQiaeZGpnUia4Ghn7dLw2HSOwKIZ08DnEZJSPPjZQNQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                               </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/8MrIy0Qo8meKicNevy5tgEkmQDqPYhvbByWI4IhZKSA51EET2zEaaOOKgeWCIItRQibbIOfib3Dibzfsr6tYUKunng/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgSvkBLhEEiaoib2oDoQ6sJY3WjRib1h4iaqPibNGtLIKgfLHTTzsNWMHOzPwdfg2zuMYjIyabq6r4sNBw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section>
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