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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhAwFTyJjgZW0X6GgR6JoETWu07tsJbOLmF6kMCzchteKAbrhp0qRHk2ibQx6N4b2yJwVafZDClS8Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhAwFTyJjgZW0X6GgR6JoETWu07tsJbOLmF6kMCzchteKAbrhp0qRHk2ibQx6N4b2yJwVafZDClS8Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者重庆大学建筑城规学院教授、博士生导师赵万民，重庆大学建筑城规学院硕士研究生方国臣，重庆大学建筑城规学院博士研究生王华在《规划师》2019年第17期撰文，我国老年人城镇化率逐年提高，步行作为老年人最主要的出行方式，在机动车交通主导的城市发展模式下，构建适老化步行空间尤为迫切。伴随我国城市公共生活的逐步回归与“以人为本”理念的知行合一，住区生活圈正逐渐成为我国住区空间治理的有效工具之一。文章以生活圈为视角，基于老年人步行活动与空间需求特征，优化住区适老化步行生活圈，并系统化整合界定“点、线、面”空间元素，重塑扁平化的住区步行空间，形成由“5分钟步行生活圈—10分钟步行生活圈—15分钟步行生活圈”构成的网络化步行空间结构，构建“树枝式+鱼骨式+棋盘式”住区适老化步行空间体系，从而精细化治理各生活圈层的步行空间，优化住区适老化步行空间体系的协调机制，以期完善我国住区适老化步行体系与治理机制。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 生活圈；住区；适老化；步行；空间体系</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)17-0069-10</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984.12　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]赵万民，方国臣，王华．生活圈视角下的住区适老化步行空间体系构建[J]．规划师，2019(17)：69-78．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/7WwLkyQhELt0w3icvy4EWETjBPcA2dIzTRj8vMwL1c6tic0RjmcSaUJNCMGMoeZcUWg8ekrJLuHJFha6VspZcFdg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈内涵及相关研究</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）生活圈内涵</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈是指行为个体在空间界面上<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时空互动模式的层级化提炼与表达，其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边界的界定往往以出行距离、设施的服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务半径等作为标尺，划定一定半径范围</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内的圈域作为同一特性层次，呈现出与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圆形高度一致的完全闭合形态，具有时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空互动性与圈层性特征。20世纪60年代，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为解决城乡发展的不均衡问题，日本政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府提出了“广域生活圈”概念，将生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈从城市尺度深入到社区尺度，以居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动规律为依据形成“定居构想”的发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展模式，并成为日本规划管理和建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基本空间单元。受日本影响，韩国也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将生活圈作为住区空间分级与界定的重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要依据。与日本、韩国等国家将生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈作为城市空间规划管理的基本单位不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同，我国城市空间规划体系由控制性详</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">细规划等法定规划构成，生活圈这样一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种从“空间正义”和“开放共享”层面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出发的居住空间表述形式与现有规划体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系之间缺乏系统化的协调机制。近年来，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈理论逐渐走进国内学者的视野，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海、济南等城市相继出台城市生活圈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划导则，伴随着生活圈在我国居住区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划设计规范的法定化，笔者确信生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈理念将被广泛应用于住区规划研究与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实践中(表1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.205036" data-w="556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk8031CulaPcsnjEuB07rBaZJV2DhdiatQ131N8lPhh3R7CsvTT9Dvic2EibnQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）生活圈相关研究</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过整合国内外相关研究与实践，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前针对生活圈的研究主要集中以下3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个层面：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 生活圈的功能意义层面。基于生<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活圈时空互动性与圈层性的特征，上海、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成都、杭州等城市的社区生活圈构建将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其作为公共服务设施规划布局与资源配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置的重要依据，生活圈基本构成元素即</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为各层级的公共服务设施，台湾和海</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">南省的城市分等定级也借助于生活圈理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">念，深化城市“以人为本”与“美好宜居”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的本质特性；此外，生活圈也可作为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">探究规律的研究界面，如以生活圈体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划定为基础，评价城市宜居性、交通可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">达性等指标，或借助生活圈系统探究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">某社群的出行、活动、通勤等特征规律。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 圈层体系构建方法层面。生活圈<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的空间构建一般借助调研分析、数据量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化及宏观理论，其中调研分析是最主要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的手法。上海15分钟社区生活圈的划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便是基于不同年龄居民时空行为特征与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">日常需求的调查研究，进而构建覆盖全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程的社区生活圈体系，针对小尺度生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活圈的划定，可采用GPS 数据和活动日</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">志数据的整合分析及GIS空间分析等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方法，确保圈层建构的精确性与科学</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性；而针对大尺度城市级生活圈划定，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">常通过宏观社会经济资源的分析，以生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态、经济等系统为基础，以交通系统为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">框架建立生活圈网络体系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 规划建设的空间治理层面。生活<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈的治理过程需要强调通过上下互动、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共同协助的多元共治思路来达成，并应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将其视为动态持续的过程，进行全过程</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的策划。日本的《国土形成规划法》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明确规定公民和地方政府在生活圈规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界定过程中的参与作用及互动作用；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国台湾地区的生活圈建设以民间团体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">或企业为主体，引导民众参与地方生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈的建设。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/7WwLkyQhELt0w3icvy4EWETjBPcA2dIzTRj8vMwL1c6tic0RjmcSaUJNCMGMoeZcUWg8ekrJLuHJFha6VspZcFdg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于生活圈的老年人步行特征</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，国内居民生活圈的划定虽然<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会在一定程度上考虑老年人群的特征与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">诉求，但大多都是将其作为研究对象群</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体的构成部分进行概括性分析，并非基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于老年人活动需求与步行特征构建适老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化生活圈层体系。鉴于生活圈时空互动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性与圈层性特征在空间行为规律研究中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的有效作用，笔者试图将生活圈作为住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区空间体系构建的基本单元，结合实际</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例，集成同一时空特性的日常活动，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系统性规制老年人步行活动特征，有效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">支撑适老化步行空间体系的构建。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈是在空间维度上对生活模式<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的一种网络化提炼，其构成基础是对象个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体与活动点客体在空间上互动而形成的活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动模式。对于老年人步行生活圈的构建，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需明确老年人的个体特征、步行活动点及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由二者互动而产生的活动模式。本文采用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调研分析方式，以问卷调查法获得基础数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据，并通过访谈和活动日志获得相关补充</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息，以处于深度老龄化社会的重庆市为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调研地点，选取嘉陵厂片区与劳动路片区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为具体调研区域(图1)，基于对老年人人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">群特征的梳理，从老年人步行活动类型、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分布特征与空间需求层面，整合归纳老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人步行活动的形式及规律。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7129187" data-w="836" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803BsNx36gVLpPtFPBJzTWJ57AJSibURJMzasZcHwC8WbO1uXs66aJuyzw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）老年人步行行为的需求特征与行为类型</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于人与环境匹配理论，行为活动<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的发生动机来自对个体需求的满足。因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此，老年人的人群特征会直接影响其出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行行为模式。结合马斯洛需求层次理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">论模型从生理至精神的需求层级思想，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从心理、行为及生理三方面形成老年人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需求层次模型，并归纳与其相匹配的步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行出行需求特征，作为构建老年人步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈的依据(图2)。伴随老年人年龄</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的增长，其身体机能呈现出衰退趋势，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对外部环境的适应能力减弱，需借助社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会环境资源与无障碍设施重新达到个体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与环境的平衡，表现出一定的生理需求。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与此同时，由于老年人个体社会家庭地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位及身边环境的变化，由以工作为主的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">快节奏独立型模式转变为居家自主的慢</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活依赖型模式，其日常行为与心理活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动也相应呈现出区别于其他年龄段人群</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的特征，而这些表现与转变也影响了老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人的步行圈层与出行规律。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5871122" data-w="838" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803icLibYwfP9Bava8LHpvcKjaWSkQWtjHDHTxgLMnibYiaNMK6A2VKN41J3g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">老年人日常步行活动具有一定规律<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性，可分为协助家务型、独立生活型及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">半自理介助型3类日常步行生活类型。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协助家务型及独立生活型老年人步行能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力较强，日常步行活动类型及距离分布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较为一致，步行活动主要包括采购交易、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">休闲游憩及需要较长步行时间的个人事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务办理及健身娱乐，其中协助家务型老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人还会帮助子女照看孙辈，负责孩童</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的接送。而半自理介助型老人受身体能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力限制，日常步行活动范围仅限于宅院</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及邻近的街道场所，活动类型主要包括</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在邻近场所进行的休闲游憩及交易活动。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">总体来说，由于身体机能及家庭定位的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不同，老年人步行活动虽存在差异，但</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">整体表现为以自发性的休闲健身与必要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性的购物及事务办理为主的自主型生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">模式，其活动的产生需要依托相应的场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">所设施，活动模式受公共空间影响，对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间的依赖性较强(图3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7488038" data-w="836" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk8036ClcNwU0kfjD4BibEGon3hNIoIJcqwXEvgCfQtD3h0A5T0IOkaOGiciaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）老年人步行活动的分布特征与空间需求</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过OD调查分析，归纳活动点与<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家距离之间的关系来表现步行活动的空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间分布特征(图4)，并采用问卷调查方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式获得不同活动点老年人的空间需求</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图5，图6)。结合老年人日常步行活动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型，并通过预调研筛选，选取小区游园、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">菜场、便利店、幼儿园、小学、诊所、社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区文化中心、大型超市及银行作为老年人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行生活主要涉及的活动点，根据分析结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">果，老年人步行活动点及其与家的距离之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间有比较明显的关联性特征，可以将步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动点与参与活动的步行距离归纳为3个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈层，同时在不同的活动分布圈层中，老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人的步行空间需求也有一定的侧重与差</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">异(表2)：距家300m范围内，老年人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以邻域性活动为主，多数老年人认为步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间应能提供环境优美、高品质、无障碍</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的步行环境；300～500m范围内，老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人有比较固定的步行路径和较高的步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行频率，主要关注的是整个步行过程的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行体验，对步行舒适性及安全性有较</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高需求；500～800m范围内，老人进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行远距离低频率活动，多数老年人对提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升路径的便捷程度提出需求，并希望创</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造易识别、可停驻的步行空间。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5785124" data-w="847" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803agr1qtvMoUwB1QXAbKxRM1YiarMia2xiaicrrE5feiaAoVRLo0o0MDANUuA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5319905" data-w="844" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803sVJ8bfsbDOwDv1KDdVeJwZj3gyBuo8bm3XLSamO4T1zxxavU9z39Xg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4764706" data-w="850" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803JzQicy8wybxMdhwPd936gW4fVMPYzia9iaoPcgVDLwBhnOO8YjnZFsPxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6339713" data-w="836" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803dLkdyicFKsplbLBh0gI41x4Yqsdls2iaGGOe9tr43TCGTMQcvyX4uzkw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）老年人步行生活圈建构</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着《城市居住区规划设计标准(GB<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">50180—2018)》的正式实施，以生活圈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈层系统为基础的我国居住区规划管理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系将逐步形成。老年人步行生活圈的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模与圈层界定以《城市居住区规划设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计标准(GB50180—2018)》为参考，同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时结合国内外已有的生活圈规划实践，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以调研分析归纳得出的老年人步行活动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型与参与活动的步行距离关联性特征</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及老年人步行空间需求为基本依据，划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定5分钟、10分钟及15分钟老年人步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行生活圈， 步行距离依次为300m、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">500m及800m，各个圈层的主要活动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构成、步行空间特征与空间需求要点如</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">表3所示。伴随步行活动圈层的扩大，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其步行活动类型由休闲健身等日常自发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性活动转变为就医、个人事务办理等非</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">日常性必要型活动，其步行活动空间也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由较为私密的宅域范围转变为完全公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的城市街道及服务设施。同时，随着步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行距离的增加，其空间需求也从微观的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间环境感知向宏观抽象的路径组织与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形态布局转变。对于住区适老化步行空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间体系的构建，在以老年人步行生活圈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作为圈层界面的同时，需要对其表现出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的圈层过渡性特征进行适配与耦合。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/7WwLkyQhELt0w3icvy4EWETjBPcA2dIzTRj8vMwL1c6tic0RjmcSaUJNCMGMoeZcUWg8ekrJLuHJFha6VspZcFdg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于老年人步行生活圈的住区适老化步行空间体系研究</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文从行为规律层面对老年人步行<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈进行适老化的系统梳理，构建住区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适老化步行空间体系，是对生活圈规律进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行空间层面的落实，形成具有空间指导意</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">义的理论模型。住区适老化步行空间体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的构建思路内核为通过从规律模型向空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间模型的形态转变对住区步行空间进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">解构与重构，其中主要转换节点包括“从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">老年人步行生活圈概念要素向空间要素</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的转换”“从步行活动特征向空间要素联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结逻辑的转化”“从空间需求向空间设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指引的转化”，根据生活圈形态要素将扁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平化的住区步行空间解构为空间要素，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈规律为要素联结机制进行要素的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重组，同时兼顾老年人步行空间需求进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的优化(图7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5096386" data-w="830" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk80360Hg02tBoQBqY852JRQsSzEO4qE57nmgSpfBqdhvbMTgrWLWaCl9Ww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）住区适老化步行空间体系的构成要素</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住区步行空间是由众多空间类型组<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成的复杂系统，将其解构为与“活动点、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轨迹、圈层”生活圈概念要素相对应的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“点、线、面”空间要素：①在住区适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">老化步行空间体系中，点要素是老年人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行步行活动的吸引元和起讫点，是老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人生活事件发生的触媒点，可概括为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">承载多种功能的各类步行节点，包括居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住街坊及各级服务中心等。这些步行节</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点在功能和规模上具有明显的层级特征，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层级越高的点要素在具有更强公共性的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时能够汇集更多的步行人流与功能，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其规模层级与相联结的道路层级也具有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一定的适配性，在微观层面构成人们对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行空间的感知与体验。②线要素是联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系不同步行节点和单元的纽带，构成步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行体系的基本网络与主体骨架形态，主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要是指住区内各级步行路径及其交织而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成的网络，包括居住街坊间联系道路、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各级居住区间联系道路、城市干路等，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在开放程度、路网密度、道路宽度及交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通流量上呈现一定的层级特征。③面要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素是指以老年人步行生活圈为理论依托</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所形成的圈层界面，在区域层面通过集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合点状要素与线性要素形成步行空间体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系的整合界面。与此同时，住区步行空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间体系中的“点、线、面”要素集在由“5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分钟步行生活圈—10分钟步行生活圈—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">15分钟步行生活圈”构成的生活圈体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中呈现出不同的空间特征，并从私密与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">半私密的自发性向半公共与公共的必要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性逐级过渡(图8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3761792" data-w="848" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803psOj0esssFdibKxKHhicicCjiayk8YB6IEop8PgiasCTzHgE6zlic5G93IrA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）住区适老化步行空间体系构建</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系统论认为：“系统的整体性由组<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成系统的各要素之间的必然联系及其表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现方式综合作用产生”。基于住区步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行空间构成要素及其相互关系的剖析，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合既有老年人步行生活圈系统及其圈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层过渡性特征，强化住区步行空间系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与其他功能中心及交通组织的平行联结，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">促使住区各生活圈层相互“叠加”与“共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生”，形成多元复合的空间体系，揭示</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适老化的空间要素联结机制(图9)。本</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文以住区适老化步行空间体系中的“点、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线、面”要素集群为基础，根据实地调研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对象与典型片区，将住区步行空间结构分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为树枝式、鱼骨式与棋盘式3种，通过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对其步行空间元素的提取与分类，界定相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应住区的适老化“点、线、面”步行空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要素，拟合构成要素形成几何化拓扑结构，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并以适老化的空间要素联结机制进行拓</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">扑形态的结构优化，分类构建住区适老化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行空间体系框架(图10，图11)。其中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区“5 分钟步行生活圈—10分钟步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈—15分钟步行生活圈”的空间构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成与侧重点均不同：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6518692" data-w="856" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803JfAUC9zMibKA9IvCPYefxre1iaebheh1SWsA78c8pRbZzKPnYWewG7ww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2887324" data-w="852" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803qQ1xow71ZthqzXic4AB8pZ9DPTs31UyHuDV58G9ciccnNob3jshiaJpYA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8714689" data-w="708" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803U8AaRra9ASKcDibCUrHOKLuN9HMkibicEicSiaSIiaRqZRZscKdfVZtpJ7Sg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)5 分钟步行生活圈以半公共生活<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间为主，主要涵盖居住街坊及周边生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活街道空间，形成最基本的步行生活场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所。圈层内步行空间优先考虑以生活功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能为主且高密度分布的街坊间道路，形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成住区步行空间的“毛细血管”，作为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间体系的基本网络。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)10分钟步行生活圈圈层内，涵盖<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区级服务中心及多个居住街坊，形成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有住区级服务功能的公共生活空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由具备一定公共性及机动车通行功能的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住区间联系道路构成更高层级的道路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络，并于服务中心形成步行集中点，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主要人行节点与公共空间及公交站点高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度结合，同时还应考虑形成住区层级的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">景观丰富、完整闭合的慢行步道。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)15分钟步行生活圈能够提供老年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人需求频率较低的高层级公共服务，并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更多地聚焦于住区与城市的有机联系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务水平较高的城市片区级服务中心与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市快速路及包括城市轨道交通站点在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内的大运量公共交通站点高度整合，形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成多层次立体化的TOD模式空间，实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行与公共交通的高效率换乘。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）住区适老化步行空间体系规划设计</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间的场所性来自使用者在空间内<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的精神体验及产生的空间联想。要使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区步行空间吸引老年人，成为生活事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">件的发生场所，应考虑老年人步行行为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及由此产生的空间需求如何与空间体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合理适配。在住区适老化步行空间体系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建的基础上，依据“5分钟步行生活圈—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">10分钟步行生活圈—15分钟步行生活圈”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系的需求特征，从“点、线、面”要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">素集群中逐级优化适老化步行空间，提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升住区步行生活品质(图12)。具体可从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以下三方面进行精细化治理与规划设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(表4)：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4641598" data-w="851" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803UqRyANeoqljxjbbVLXywkyydV7LBCoK2cT1AyF07Otu2eSM3M1Yicsw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2588028" data-w="568" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803LiaDiao5gG0Ywqv7TtuD7u90ToxQDlFsbPR4wGshDDDwCwf3A0icEJBAw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)5分钟步行生活圈——营建健康愉<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">悦的场所环境。5分钟步行圈层内，老年</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人以依托步行方式的休闲游憩活动为主，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对步行空间的环境品质有较高要求。优</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美的自然环境对老年人身心健康非常有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益，而老年人特有的归属感这一心理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特征使其对旧住区既有空间符号和传统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化有更强的认同感，因此步行空间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计需要考虑满足空间的观赏性和文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化性。同时，身体状况较弱的老年人户</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外活动范围限于5分钟步行生活圈内，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">考虑到这类老年人的空间需求，步行路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径应当与住宅和活动场所有比较好的步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行联系性，步行路径及空间类型也应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当丰富多样，满足不同身体状况老年人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的步行需求选择。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)10分钟步行生活圈——强化安全<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">舒适的步行体验。在10分钟步行生活圈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内，老年人的步行活动有较强的规律性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与目的性，对于道路的使用频率较高，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需从提升道路的步行质量和体验来满足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这一圈层内老年人的需求。首先，应通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过步行道路适宜性设计满足老年人步行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的舒适性，也应当考虑创造连续的人行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间提升老年人的步行体验和活动效率；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其次，老人买菜或接送孩童的活动都在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">10分钟步行生活圈内实现，而在这一步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行距离内一般要跨越机动车道，需关注</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步行的安全性。考虑到老年人“日常活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动链”，提升活动链所涵盖空间场所间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的步行联系也对优化老年人的步行体验</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有重要作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)15分钟步行生活圈——创造高效<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便捷的空间组织。在15分钟步行生活圈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内，老年人以目的性较强的活动类型为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主，由于15分钟步行生活圈老年人到达</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目的地的步行时间和路径较长，需要从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区的空间系统组织层面去考虑实现适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">老性目的。可以从住区整体布局优化层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面通过控制街区尺度、提高路网密度等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方式提升步行路网效率，实现道路的便</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">捷可达；考虑到因老年人身体机能下降</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而衍生的远距离步行过程中的休憩需求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要进行与步行路径相联系的休憩空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的配置；对于老年人因空间感知力下降</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而产生的空间易识别需求，应当避免住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区空间过于均质，尤其是在棋盘式结构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的新建住区，不同功能、圈层的空间应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在规模、界面等方面有所差异，空间层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">次明确、导向性强，路径组织清晰、直观，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有较好的可识别性；同时，一些老</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年人使用频率较低但不可或缺的服务设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施应当考虑复合配置，并结合步行路径</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与绿道、公园及公共交通站点等协调布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局，使老年人一次远距离出行可以高效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率完成多项活动，实现功能的集约与效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率的提升。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/7WwLkyQhELt0w3icvy4EWETjBPcA2dIzTRj8vMwL1c6tic0RjmcSaUJNCMGMoeZcUWg8ekrJLuHJFha6VspZcFdg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">住区适老化步行空间体系实施</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">策略与机制</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）层级推进的开发思路</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间系统化思维旨在将研究对象剥<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">离为多个层次的同时，不破坏个体间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">联系性，从而进行有针对性的研究。在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具体的设计与决策过程中，系统化分层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级的思路应当贯穿始终，住区适老化步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行空间体系空间圈层对应实施中的不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层次，15分钟步行生活圈主要从住区空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的整体组织效率出发，需要从片区控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制性详细规划及城市设计层面进行落实，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包括划定支路及以上等级道路的步行层</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级，按一定距离配置绿地及开放空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及控制街区的空间尺度规模在适老化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范畴之内等。10分钟与5分钟步行生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圈分别关注于老年人的步行体验和空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">品质，主要涉及地块与街道的具体设计，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合目前土地开发模式，具体实施时更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多由地产开发商作为主导分地块开发，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其结果往往是地块内高度统一，而地块</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间相互隔绝，对适老化步行空间的系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化产生较大的阻碍。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为实现整体空间的系统化设计，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以考虑引入日本“总建筑师”制的基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本思想，总建筑师根据上位控制性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">详细规划从片区宏观调控层面给出考</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">虑到适老化需求的层级化设计导则，并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在片区开发过程中全程参与；在导则指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">引下，地块建筑师与景观建筑师在各开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发阶段结合居民和开发商的意向，从建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">筑、景观、场地等方面做出具体的设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">或改造方案，在保障整体空间协调连续</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的同时又能够满足不同利益方的多样</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化意向，并实现不同分期实施阶段的延</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">续性(图13)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5637664" data-w="839" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803wic2LzSmngHP7yJWev1XvpW1NzqsqkiaEbNO3sCMclVSc2BcNjnickRMg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）动态协同的运行维护</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住区适老化步行空间体系的实际规<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划落实与运作维护需要有相关机制进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配合，才能可持续地产生实际空间价值。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">首先，应制定合理的管理模式对空间运</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作进行保障，在10分钟步行生活圈内，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">多为半公共性质的步行空间，空间权属</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界定不明，易产生空间矛盾，可采用居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民自治组织及制定章程规范等方式加强</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理。其次，对于项目实施，可考虑采</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用多方投资的运作模式，具体措施包括</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府通过奖励地块容积率促使开发商在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地块内提供更优质的适老化步行空间、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出让空间附属经营设施的使用权等方式，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">既保障空间建设，又能够明确空间权属，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利于管理维护。最后，还应当建立有效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的评价与反馈机制，可形成“责任规划师”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制度，对包括步行空间在内的社区空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行阶段性调研评估更新，实现动态可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">持续的规划过程。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）公众参与的协调过程</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住区适老化步行空间体系的建立依<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据具有普适性的一般规律，而由于地域、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化、利益主体等差异的客观存在，具</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体实施时必须因地制宜，而以老年人为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主的公众全过程动态参与就是最直接的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">途径，具体策略包括建立居民自治委员</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会，形成由开发商、政府共同构成的协</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">商平台及建立居民—设计师的互动设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">团体等(图14)。老年人的全过程参与不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仅限于设计决策阶段，空间的实际使用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">才是空间设计的最终目的，街道生活的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主体是老年人，而既定的空间限制了选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">择的机会，势必会降低空间参与的热情，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此还有必要采用“减法”思想，预留</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一定弹性或空白空间使老年人能够实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自发性的空间利用，从而直接参与到空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间营造中，创造更有活力且富有生活气息的步行空间。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5817308" data-w="832" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjO0Y4DnjM8vcF4t36nk803ooGvUVOrUcRibYbO4farQEdr9GjK147DMBbM1KnwD3AcibaLSmYrT4hQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/7WwLkyQhELt0w3icvy4EWETjBPcA2dIzTRj8vMwL1c6tic0RjmcSaUJNCMGMoeZcUWg8ekrJLuHJFha6VspZcFdg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文从生活圈视角对住区步行空间<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行适老化的剖析与重构，试图建立住</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区适老化步行空间体系，为住区步行空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的适老化整体设计提供系统化的思路。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而，住区空间是一个庞大的地域性系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统，要进行具体的空间实践，还需要大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量数据要素的支撑与地域性研讨，对于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具体实施过程中的空间建设指引与协调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">治理机制，还需大量因地制宜的样本补</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">充与专项研究。与此同时，也要意识到</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立住区适老化步行空间体系的初衷不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仅是单纯的功能主义建构，其根本宗旨</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在于营造老年友好、包容共享的住区社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会架构，而这一构想的实现仅有空间手</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">段是远远不够的，这不仅需要多学科不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同层面的研究探讨，更需要社会各界针</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对城市居民老龄化价值转型采取相应对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">策。伴随着国家积极应对老龄化战略的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">推进，人本关怀、老有所依的人居环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展将成为必然，其成果也将惠及每一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个生活在城市中终会老去的城市居民。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_gif/7WwLkyQhELt0w3icvy4EWETjBPcA2dIzTRj8vMwL1c6tic0RjmcSaUJNCMGMoeZcUWg8ekrJLuHJFha6VspZcFdg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年17期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《生活圈视角下的住区适老化步行空间体系构建</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年17期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: 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border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建的现实困境与重构路径<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word 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100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2962963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhAwFTyJjgZW0X6GgR6JoETCD8iaJrLDk2eibX5BFKiaCibiamERZz72tzazicvZsQewmialCf4TtCIdJaicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mh3ZoTia2LugY7nxnx6tQKILkSBpjV0oVichGJaQEIGkFcsoM7neWxslqcqa4kCwK4Qf9F0oqJFQbMg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  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