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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(125, 146, 160);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-53202-1534475045474" style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 23分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(241, 162, 162);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> | 11</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月13日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img 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100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/IZUeRjvA1Ymv7ic5OiawFwnm3gPLEb8Kf5NHpkFTzb8kaJKia90k1Nzf1zagM4VemOkfA2D3NA8jZ8lsqEpJk3tfg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/IZUeRjvA1Ymv7ic5OiawFwnm3gPLEb8Kf5NHpkFTzb8kaJKia90k1Nzf1zagM4VemOkfA2D3NA8jZ8lsqEpJk3tfg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 4%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(7deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(7deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="0.9962406" data-w="266" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtdXSaWxmlsAe515RwSgPiawWryib3WDvYFHq5C1J3y6PicGsg1q7QjuJMA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(350deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(350deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(350deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(350deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img 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src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/IZUeRjvA1Ymv7ic5OiawFwnm3gPLEb8Kf5NHpkFTzb8kaJKia90k1Nzf1zagM4VemOkfA2D3NA8jZ8lsqEpJk3tfg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 原文 | </strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Marcus O’Brien、Department for Transport UK</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译 | </strong>王卓群、李婉、王岗、饶悦、张书婧</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献 | </strong>柯晟    </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">编辑 |</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 众山小   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核</strong> | 王卓群    </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">排版 |</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 杨骏 </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/IZUeRjvA1Ymv7ic5OiawFwnm3gPLEb8Kf5NHpkFTzb8kaJKia90k1Nzf1zagM4VemOkfA2D3NA8jZ8lsqEpJk3tfg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/IZUeRjvA1Ymv7ic5OiawFwnm3gPLEb8Kf5NHpkFTzb8kaJKia90k1Nzf1zagM4VemOkfA2D3NA8jZ8lsqEpJk3tfg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtD5KzHk5hxzsmVtR8GTGU7OgnSD8s53LJldbznlooY1GonEicIxEZDIg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-10386-1536648223411" style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">一览</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">导读</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(128, 178, 188) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-61658-1548305745155" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017-2018年度英格兰公交统计报告采用全地区人群调查方式，多维度数据分析手段为我们展示诸如公交车数量、地域分布、车载设施、无障碍化水平、参加公交合作计划等众多公交当前发展情况，并在全国范围、伦敦与非伦敦区、大都市与非大都市区、不同地方政府间进行横向对比分析，表现公交发展的趋势变化。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ucr9vTSAaoJxqVfL0jK3OXic8icdTqrINC6nPickLB4bt0G5p7NJxzIgL4gO0bohwBpw8s7gSJySKjh9Wln7N6aZw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 30.9266%;background-attachment: scroll;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(171, 224, 225);font-size: 40px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">START</em></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 19px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于此报告</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: -12px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 45px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2538071" data-w="197" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/UpmZeQpBr2eR66ibFhQia7oicGibWeJFBB1NOlBktcmRRliamuZMGeKpGQDfbBhPDmdibqXxibic5dfcBNaen5aiaDXcicyA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 5px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 20px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VDmib5fiaj2rIB3WtVHTgOGeaLJ9axnjQbClkFBhpiaHm5ncfDvtVgVkANr8bHxibHQiavZP2tI8bDicaib1dLbicX24vQ/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该统计报告提供了当地公交行业的最新年度统计数据。当地的公共汽车服务利用公共服务车辆（PSV）来运载在短距离内支付单独的费用的乘客。大部分数据来自交通部（DfT）对公交运营商的年度调查。在DfT公交政策的实施范围内，给出英格兰的数据。苏格兰和威尔士统计数据也可以在网上获取。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">截止2018年3月，英格兰本地公共汽车客运量下降8500万人次，降幅1.9%，降至4.36亿人次。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5148148" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4Qwttr6X1UPwsibAia4mnRltOXssGn8l2GRoSv0WZSiav4GVyejOGUp1KU69w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、2017/18年英格兰当地公共汽车客运量</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></strong></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">除伦敦以外，英格兰其他地区的客运量自从2008/09年以来持续下降了3.2%，现在比截止2005年3月的年度降低了4.2%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在伦敦，公共汽车的使用量比上一年下降了0.7%，但仍然比截止2005年3月的年度要高23.5%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">英格兰的公共汽车行驶里程与2016/17年相比下降了3.4%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4935185" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtIyOia8D8nbLRXROAGzicXrUjwNyocGBqtIPhF9tpv6iaZECVoBePfpQSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图二、2017/18年英格兰当地公共汽车服务里程</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、摘要</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表1总结了2017/18财政年公共汽车客运量和里程数的年度数据。英格兰的数据分为除了伦敦以外的英格兰地区（大都会和非大都会地区）和伦敦两部分。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">表1. 按地区类型划分的本地公共汽车客运量和形行驶里程：英格兰，2016/17至2017/18（表BUS0103和BUS0203）</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3978142" data-w="915" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtBiazJkO96EUbtcp0qMnibBRGE3jaPCzjmShyZFKE4m9bicpQHicibFz9EuQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(17, 26, 97);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;">二、需要知道的事情</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此处英格兰当地公共汽车行业的统计数据为监测公共汽车使用趋势和对这种占了公共交通出行59%的交通方式的准备提供了信息。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大多数的数据和当地公共汽车服务相关。这是利用公共服务车辆短距离运载乘客并且根据时刻表安排发车的服务，通常有资格获得公共汽车运行商补贴，其不包括长途汽车服务、私人雇佣或合同租赁，但是学校提供给公众的服务是包括在其中的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除伦敦以外，英格兰其他地区自从1986年放松对英格兰行业管制以来，大多数的公共汽车服务都是由私人企业提供的，可以在纯营利目的下运行，也可以在当地部门的财政支持下运行。伦敦的公共汽车服务由私人企业提供，伦敦交通局（TfL）负责监管。公共汽车的乘客可以分为优惠型和非优惠型两种。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优惠型乘客要么是老年人，要么是残疾人（自从2008年4月，可以在英格兰任何地方免费乘车），要么是拥有此类出行优惠体系的地区的年轻人。更多关于优惠交通的详细统计数据由DfT单独公布，并可在线获取。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">优惠型交通：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在英格兰当地的公共汽车出行中，总的优惠出行（包括老年人、残疾人和年轻人）占到了34%，合计15.1亿次。除伦敦以外，英格兰30%的出行是老年人和残疾人的优惠出行，是伦敦的两倍。DfT所做的优惠出行调查在优惠持卡人号码、优惠出行总支出和提供优惠的裁量等方面收集了更多详细的信息，以供出行特许权管理部门使用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、公交出行次数</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">英格兰</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在2017年间，英格兰当地公交提供了43.6亿次出行服务，比2016年下降了1.9%（约0.85亿次）。图三展示了从1982年到2017年间英格兰的公交出行次数的变化趋势。公交的使用次数先在20世纪90年代早期下降了，之后就保持相对稳定的增长，直到2007年超过了43亿次。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6498455" data-w="971" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtLJ02B7nibUpom1e526CvBdRZj86TIRkXmCYoSczAEDNKhBcwNuBdhng/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图三、1982年到2017年英格兰公交出行次数</span></em></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">注：什么是公交出行？</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交车上每上一位乘客算作一次出行。公交出行次数是衡量公交需求的重要指标。这些统计与当地公交的乘客服务有关。非当地公交使用的信息（如长途公交服务）主要来自国家出行调查。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">注：季度公交统计</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">当地公交出行次数和当地公交票价每季度更新一次，最新的季度统计数据为2018年7月到9月。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7422222" data-w="675" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtrR17Uiaib2QVicZhopXicczKTuYAa0tTlckKKOKiaCokMtJg6386FxuDW0g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图四、2017英格兰当地公交出行次数为43.6亿人次，其中约一半来自伦敦。</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">英格兰非伦敦地区</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在2017年，21.3亿次公交出行由非伦敦地区的当地公交提供，与2016年相比降低了3.2%。自2008年24.1亿次的高峰以来，非伦敦地区的公交使用量一直呈下降趋势（如图五所示）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年伦敦当地公交出行22.3亿次，较2016年减少0.7%。这是伦敦公交出行次数连续第四年下降（如图五所示）。伦敦交通局认为，公交运行速度、交通拥堵和道路施工是影响公交出行的可能因素。1998年至2012年，伦敦的公交使用量逐年增加。伦敦在2017 年的公交使用量较2004年上升了23.5%，占英格兰当地公交总出行量的一半以上。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6371859" data-w="995" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4Qwt7MOy967Xs4DfqVEILYgpCOZNt2DibuvmRPQXa3D96PRgIC5RWRPPBZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图五、2004年至2017年英格兰非伦敦地区和伦敦的当地公交出行量</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">注：为什么伦敦和英格兰非伦敦地区有区别？</em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">凭借伦敦交通局，伦敦的公交在不同于英格兰其他地区的监管框架下运行。伦敦公交市场的规模和公交的不同使用趋势也使得分成这两种区域类型是明智的。可以在网上得到不同的分类，包括当地政府和城乡地区。</em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">大都市区和非大都市区</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，大都市区和非大都市区的当地公交出行量都有所减少。在大都市区，2017年出行次数为9.1亿次，比2016年下降了3.3%。在非大都市区的出行次数为为12.2亿次，下降了3.1%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在大都市区和非大都市区，由2006年4月1日起在当地政府以及2008年4月1日起在全国推行的免费特许旅游，导致当地公交出行量逐年增加（如图六所示）。2008年之后，英格兰非伦敦地区的大都市区的公交使用以一个较快的速度减少。2017年大都市区的公交出行量比2008年减少了15.5%，非大都市区的出行量比2008年减少了8.3%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.643617" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4Qwtwvo6UmwuLtyVgxt857VUk4VyWWvf4ibG2Zln77KyAzzYBjOI8WXicWnw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图六、按区域类型的英格兰非伦敦地区的当地公交出行量</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2016年发布的公交统计数据中详细描述了一些影响公交使用的因素。这些因素包括交通拥堵、汽车保有量改变、地方政府支持服务的减少以及网上购物的增多。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">注：英格兰非伦敦地区</span></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据英格兰非伦敦地区的数据可以进一步分为大都市和非大都市地区。大都市区是以前的六个大都市：曼彻斯特、默西塞德、南约克、泰恩-威尔、西米德兰兹、西约克。非大都市区包括非伦敦地区的其他郡和单一管理区。</span></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、地方政府的公交使用</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6064815" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4Qwt7xicwTqMItrrhb90eD94lTQrwJfqib1kWTI5ahvnutZR5pibgia8cicicG9Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图七、2017年英格兰非伦敦地区地方政府人均本地公交出行次数。</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这两张2017年英格兰非伦敦地区的人均公交出行次数图显示了地方政府在公交使用方面的差异。总的来说，与农村相比，更多的城市地方政府的公交车使用率高于平均水平。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在英格兰非伦敦地区，2016年平均每人乘坐公交46次，低于2009年的54次。在英格兰非伦敦地区的88个地方政府中，2009至2017年间有70个地方政府的人均公交出行量有所下降。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">注：关于数据</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">这里所列的人均公交出行数据是根据公交运营商所提供的报表估计得到的。年中人口估计使用国家统计数据，但不包括在其居住地以外乘坐公交的乘客。用户应该意识到，记录差异可能会影响小区域的数据，因此个别数据应该仔细理解。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">注：国家出行调查</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">年度公交调查收集了总出行次数信息。那些出行乘客的更多信息可以通过国家出行调查获得。这是一项在英格兰每年大约由16000人展开的家庭调查。</em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">更多信息通过以下网站了解：https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-travelsurvey-statistics。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">有关公交乘客的详细分析，请参阅2016年度的公交统计数据。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五、公共汽车里程</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在2017/18，英格兰公共汽车服务里程有12亿英里，与2016/17相比降低了3.4%（如图5所示）。除伦敦以外，英格兰其他地区的公共汽车行驶里程也在持续下降，与2016/17年相比下降了4.2%。伦敦的公共汽车行驶里程始终保持在2011/12年以来的水平，高于3亿英里。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6287037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtQXfyUKj6QG3nmDKkEZ3vEjN3qylYPk58eicbE4ic0HUeLicIlGfyXibRNQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图八 : 按地区划分的当地公共汽车服务里程, 1982 到2017/18 (图BUS0203)</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">商务和地方主管部门支持下的公交行驶里程</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除伦敦以外，英格兰其他地区的公交行驶里程从2004/05年开始降低了12.9%。这是由于地方当局支持的行驶里程降低了49%，尤其是在非大都会地区。虽然营利性里程从2004/05到2016/17增加了0.6%，但到2017/18年下降了3.5%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦以外的英格兰地区，被支持的行驶里程在1987/88年占到总里程的17%，在2009/10年达到了最高水平，即24.2%。图6展示了从2009/10年开始支持的行驶里程的持续降低，现在只占到总里程的12.7%。该图也呈现了营利性里程到2014/15年的增加，此后几年的趋势逐渐平稳。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于公交行驶里程</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交服务里程不包括”无效里程”（例如路线的起点和终点与车辆段之间的里程数），主要可分为单纯以营利为目的服务与当地政府提供的财政支持的服务（被支持服务）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于被支持的服务，运营商将从当地交通管理局获得运营补贴。这种补贴通常被认为是社会必要的措施，但并非具有商业利益。提供的服务很可能被公共汽车使用等类似因素影响。运营成本和地方当局的支持对此类服务也可能很重要。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6638889" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtblIK8YiaApwARrO20t2NlHPHgy2MRCfefRQWsWBFsQXAibIYnZicJtBiaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图九 : 按服务类型划分的当地公共汽车服务的车辆里程：1987/88至2017/18年，伦敦以外的英格兰地区（表BUS0205）</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">总的来说，被支持里程的下降并不完全与营利性里程的增加相匹配，在最近的一年，营利性里程下降了3.5%。公共交通网在地方当局的另一部分是灵活的、需求主导模式的交通，包括社区交通。该种交通形式不可能在统计数据中获取，因为年度公交调查是由持有公共服务车辆（PSV）牌照的运营商进行，而不是由大多数社区运输组织所在的第11或22地区进行。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过DfT每年的公交调查，地方当局被要求简明地描述其所在社区以及运输服务需求量，如果有的话也包括客运量。一份2016/17年所作的高级别审查表明，英格兰拥有500万的社区和出行需求。由于没有得到所有当地相关部门的反馈，该估计结果存在一定的不准确，社区交通组织的行程记录不可能像PSV运行商的统计结果那样可靠。地方当局指出，社区交通服务为不能使用传统公交服务的人（如老年人或残疾人）提供服务，也为传统服务无法到达的地区（如农村地区）提供服务。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">六、车辆数据</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以下图表总结了2017-2018年度英格兰地方公交车使用状况相关数据。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4399323" data-w="591" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtHudqNgKPHLiav6BZKKQwBGGP8xJUMoYTtbqRwOibaGaGs5Z7l3sYcsew/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、2017-2018年度英格兰公交车数据总结</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></strong></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交车队</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017-2018年，地方公交公司所运营的公交数量约35000辆，与2004-2005年度处于相似水平，平均服务年限为7.7年。超过四分之一的公交车在伦敦地区运营（见图十一）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2609819" data-w="387" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtJ8GLGH5zsIRsN9ugpuFibxam5KG4QlBxOI3q6FaO0BRj4dSOAfkP1Gw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、分地区公共汽车使用情况</strong></em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交车载设施</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2017-2018年度，全英地方公司运营的公交车中有91%安装了监控摄像头，比2005-2006年度的44%有所上升。大部分公交车（97%）都配备了车辆自动定位系统（AVL）（2006-2007只有35%）。在装有车辆自动定位设备的公交车当中，98%使用该设备监控准点率，94%为乘客提供实时信息服务。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(214, 189, 184, 0.5);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(66, 94, 142);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(18, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">专栏：AVL和ITSO</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Automatic Vehicle Location（AVL）用于机动车定位和跟踪，为乘客提供实时公交信息服务。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ITSO是用于标准化智能售票和计费的系统，更多信息请参考：www.itso.org.uk</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017-2018年度调查问卷增设了诸如非接触式支付和免费无线网络等其他问题。结果显示，英格兰29%的公交车提供免费WiFi，比上年度的25%有所增长。64%的公交车可以使用非接触式银行卡（或带有Android Pay /Apple Pay等功能的移动设备）支付，比上年度的44%有所上升。此外，92%的公交车采用了智能售票系统，2010-2011年度这一比例只有25%（见图十二）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7839506" data-w="648" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtxeZeLefE2lZ3gEz5NTBzTwUjjaTZdKG2rVFDoO0ibEGya6Yqz1cMhGg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十二、配备CCTV、AVL和ITSO公共汽车占比</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2018年3月，英格兰98%的公交车被授予无障碍认证。图十显示，自2004-2005年度起。英格兰被授予无障碍认证的公交车数量逐年增长，目前已处于较高水平。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4666667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtzeDlzCvF46syOVnbdncs8ic28KY2WmRef70TRV3ma57dS22ObgUWhMg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十三、配备CCTV、AVL和ITSO公共汽车占比</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">七、公交车合作计划</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">去年的调查问卷当中也新增了关于公交车合作计划的相关问题。2017到18年度。在全英格兰地方公交公司所运营的公交车当中，有20%的公交车至少加入了一项公交车合作计划（地方公交公司可以加入不止一项的公交车合作计划）。在这些加入了合作计划的地方公交公司当中，有54%只参加了一项计划，46%参加了至少两项合作计划。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017-2018年度，7%的地方公交公司加入了至少一项强制性合作计划，16%加入了至少一项志愿性合作计划（公交公司可以加入不止一项的合作计划，例如一项强制性的和一项志愿性的）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(214, 189, 184, 0.5);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(66, 94, 142);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(18, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">专栏：公交车合作计划</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交车合作计划是地方政府和地方公交车运营公司为了提升服务范围内公交服务质量所签订的合作协议。该协议当中至少包括一个地方政府和一家公交车运营公司。根据协议的要求，地方政府采取相应的公交优先措施，设立新的公交站点，提供公交信息实时服务等。公交车公司负责提供新的配备有先进设备的环保车辆并且加强司机培训。此外，公交公司还会提供一些其他升级版的服务。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强制性协议：TransportAct2000第114条作出相应规定。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">志愿性协议。是指非强制性的公交合作协议，通常由政府、地方公交公司和其他相关主体参与。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">八、财务状况</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交票价</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">截至2018年3月，英格兰地方公交票价增长2.8%，高于同期国内居民消费物价指数增长(2.5%）。2012年3月至2018年3月期间，公交票价年均增长2.9%，高于年均通货膨胀率增长（1.6%）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2005年3月至2018年3月期间，英格兰地方公交票价上涨了71%。图十四显示，大都市区（86%）的公交票价上涨速度快于非大都市区（61%）。同期，居民消费价格指数上涨了35%，这意味着相较于其它商品公交票价有相对的上涨。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.562037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtNBKuEVia587ILFaQWNJ6UOH0THibWoYk8WicXP2oXK2anpxPcXmiaIQOXQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十四：英格兰大都市各地区公交票价指数(当前价格)：2005.3至2018.9（表BUS0415a）</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府支持</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">中央和地方政府对地方公交服务的支持包括：提供支撑服务、公交运营商补贴（BSOG）和优惠出行补贴（实际上是对优惠乘客的补贴）。在2017/18年，英格兰政府支付的预算支持总额为21.8亿英镑，其中10亿英镑，即46%用于优惠出行的补贴。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">BSOG：中央政府对公共汽车的一种支持项目。从2012年4月起，BSOG的支付被降低了20%，并且从2013年10月起，伦敦BSOG被移交到伦敦交通运输部门。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图十五显示，从实际情况来看，自1996/97年以来，大都市地区的政府支持总额保持在类似的水平，并在去年有所增加。伦敦的支持总额有所上升，但自2008/09年的峰值以来有所下降。在非大都市地区，2010/11年度的支持总额达到峰值10.7亿英镑，此后支持总额有所下降。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2787037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4Qwtice4fuSRUzjIeG0R8v4gp7SpHh51pxIGkE1TUoA9aQdLicXpJl1w50EQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十五：英格兰中央和地方政府对各个地方公交和优惠旅行的支持总额：1996/97至2017/18（表BUS0502b）</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">运营商收入</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017/18年，英格兰地方公交运营服务的总营业收入约为55.2亿英镑。车票占营业收入的比重最大，达32.2亿英镑，即营业收入的58%（见图十六）。2004/05至2017/18年间，车票收入平均每年实际增长0.6%。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">2004/05至2017/18年间，BSOG实际下降了44%。在2004/05年度，BSOG占营业收入的9%，但在2017/18年度，这一比例下降到了5%。这些下降部分是由于伦敦的BSOG被移交给伦敦交通运输部门。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">同期，优惠出行补贴的收入实际增长了近60%，从6.3亿英镑增至10亿英镑。这一增长表明优惠出行计划在从地方当局向国家计划转移的过程中，变的覆盖面更广，规格更高，老年人口补贴占比更大。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">运营商收入类型</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">车票收入：车票金额</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通支持：地方政府支付的款项，主要用于运行的支撑服务</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">优惠补贴：由LAS承担优惠旅客的出行补贴款项</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">BSOG：来自DFT的燃油税退还金，不包括其他来源的收入</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6916667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtVclctXLSniabXHcbUqNGzuWzbf99tzRJhnEGYKI1anxqoaG0JbUDvKg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十六：英格兰地方公交服务收入种类：2004/05至2017/18（表BUS0501b）</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">运营商成本</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在英格兰伦敦以外的地区，2004/05至2017/18年间，地方公交服务的运营成本从28.3亿英镑实际增长至29.8亿英镑（见图十七），年平均增长0.4%。然而，自2011/12年度高达328万英镑以来，运营成本一直在下降。客运联合会定了一个更详细的公交行业成本指数。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5222222" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtR9w3pYAWPpMFrVSh9q0rNSSJciczwZB5oaNeFZlNCFsHIEs7Ky0Q88A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十七：英格兰伦敦以外地方公交服务的运营成本：2004/05至2017/18（表BUS0406b）</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交准点率</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交时刻表</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">与本出版物中的其他来源的数据相比，时刻表数据提供了关于公交服务运行时间和地点以及由谁提供服务等更详细的信息。2016年出版的《Traveline国家数据集》中包含了对公交时刻表数据的分析（见发行版第12页）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交准点数据</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于地方主管部门使用人工调查或电子系统监控而公布的数据，公交准点率统计提供了一种测评地方公交服务绩效的方法。对于经常性和非经常性的公交服务，有不同的准点率测度方法：经常性的公交服务准点要求每小时有6辆或更多的公共汽车的服务，但有些地区公交没有经常性的服务。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">经常性服务</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">英格兰地方当局提供的经常性公交服务的平均超额等待时间数据见表BUS0903。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在2017/18年度，英格兰83.0%的非经常性的公交服务能准点到达。这与2011/12年以来的水平很相似（见图十八）。“准点”定义为早到1分钟至晚到5分钟59秒之间。在区域层面，公交服务准点率在81.6%到88.3%之间。在地方层面的差异更大从一些，准点率在65%到97%之间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6917373" data-w="944" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtBI7IicOFtB8eBpBd9JJicicOkbZk8Jk5GUZyd0ich2nlmD4QMIA5u8CPJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十八：非经常性公交服务准点率：</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">九、公交乘客满意度</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由关注公共交通使用者的独立机构负责的公交客流问卷调查（BPS），收集了有关乘客满意度的信息，需注意该调查问卷的数据非官方统计数据。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在2018年调查中，调查人群首次覆盖除伦敦圈以外的英格兰所有区域--48个英格兰行政区进行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调查收集大约48,000名公交乘客样本，虽没有覆盖所有英格兰地区，但涵盖了英格兰约三分之二的公交线路。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调查结果总结如下：</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.49217" data-w="894" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtLJKic4pF2LIHxHnSaDovrFCFj9ZZqUUk7WS20ajQzE9klDoTicp1vf5w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图十九：公交乘客满意度调查相关结果</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，88%伦敦都市圈以外的英格兰公交乘客对行程满意。自从2016年（87%）,这个数字基本保持不变。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图16从四种纬度上展示历年统计数据结果。2012年起，公交整体满意度保持上升发展趋势，从84%升至88%（2017年）；同一阶段，票价满意度从54%上升至65%；行程花费时间满意度基本保持稳定；准时性满意度则有所下降。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5732575" data-w="703" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4QwtXWzORRMytib3STDNQr2Qozcl7MDbu4gwTcI362RhycMKfGrLQXiakPYQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图二十：公交行程不同方面的满意度</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">十、公交及长途汽车的员工和司机</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交员工</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">截止2018年3月，当地公交运营商雇佣大约100,000名全日制临时工，包括维修人员与管理人员。同比2017年，下降3%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由国家统计局主持的大型英格兰人口就业现状调查（LFS）收集了人才市场中的个人信息。这些数据可用于分析公交及长途汽车司机：2017-2018年度，大约有114,000名公交及长途汽车司机，较10年前，上升11%(2007-2008年度：103,000)。其中，男性占88%，较2016-2017年度，下降91%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6411837" data-w="811" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib3z47zpUlIHfRnr9cB4Qwt0soGPJqrcj01TdU1HGCiawd3J80XdqWchpNHWuLxrnRIZB2KDLxA20w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">图二十一：英格兰公交及长途汽车司机数量</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">注：这里“司机”职业定位是根据标准职业分类系统而确定，即包含公交与长途汽车在内的司机都符合该定位。因此无法确定司机到底是公交司机还是长途汽车司机。</span></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">员工伤残意识培训</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据2018年3月生效的残疾意识培训新法规，我们在今年调查中增加了这个新问题。截至2018年3月，88%的公交运营商要求司机接受伤残意识培训，该人数占司机与随车工作人员总数98%以上。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);background-color: rgba(255, 112, 121, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">十一、背景</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些统计数据为公交趋势分析提供关键信息，在运输部，它们通常用于：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部长级简报会来回答公众询问;</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为政策发展的背景</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">跟进公交部门的发展趋势，如：推进无障碍巴士发展</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">常规公交的准时性数据用于跟进运输部商业计划中与公交准时性占比相关的指标变化。</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为经济学家政策选择建模提供参考，如：与公交补贴相关的改革方案。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">运输部以外的已知用途有：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乘客行程数据用于衡量整个行业的健康状况，像由私人研究机构主导，并有时在贸易媒体上报道的那样;</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地方当局利用这些统计数据来比较当地发展趋势与国家情况。</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些数据也可以为由运输专责委员会负责的近年来的报告提供背景信息</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交票价数据用于国家统计局计算零售和消费者价格指数以及国民账户。</p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">数据的优缺性</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据结果由多源头统计而来，主要来源是DfT年度公共服务车辆（PSV）对500多家当地公交运营商的调查。调查内容涉及乘客行程，车辆里程，收入和成本以及车辆数和员工人数。 但是，某些统计数据（例如公交车票价的年度统计数据）来自对较大公交运营商或地方当局的小样本调查。伦敦交通局提供伦敦乘客行程和公交车里程的信息。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多年来，统计数据均从运营商处以可比性为基础广泛收集而来。2004-2005年度起，修改了用于公布数字的编制方法，使数据基于完全统一的基准，具有可比性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">PSV调查使用插补算法获取当年样本中未选中或未回应的运营商关键数据。 偶尔利用直接报告的数据改善早年的估算。 小力度修订原来的数据，虽不使趋势受到实质性影响，还是会有其他一些作用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在计算关键指标中（乘客行程、车辆行驶公里数），90%以上来自运营商提供的数据，剩余为估算。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与其他来源的统计结果比较，在总体（国家）层面，该统计数据可提供合理可靠的衡量标准平和大致趋势走向。 但应该谨慎看待统计较小运营商群体和历年同比变化的数字，因为这些数据更容易受到测量误差的影响（例如，运营商提供原始数据不准确，或者运营商统计方法有变化） 这些误差更可能在国家统计层面发生。 对区域，特别是地方当局级别的统计数据也要谨慎解释。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些统计数据的数据源和统计方法等更多细节，可在以下链接文档的注释和定义。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ucr9vTSAaoJxqVfL0jK3OXic8icdTqrINC6nPickLB4bt0G5p7NJxzIgL4gO0bohwBpw8s7gSJySKjh9Wln7N6aZw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 30.9266%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(171, 224, 225);font-size: 40px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">END</p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为您提供本文原报告下载</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(107, 189, 219);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们下载）</strong></span></p></section><section style="margin: -12px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 45px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2538071" data-w="197" 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