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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgIEpctCfeHXHuL1NiaQf0RFV8KlxbYa74WZcpYMESehPibf6bdL1b5Qx0wDMhfOBEOgAjqmDHeNicqA/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgIEpctCfeHXHuL1NiaQf0RFV8KlxbYa74WZcpYMESehPibf6bdL1b5Qx0wDMhfOBEOgAjqmDHeNicqA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【专题研究】</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于行动者网络理论的乡村建设动力机制</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者重庆大学建筑城规学院硕士研究生邹明妍，重庆大学建筑城规学院、山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室教授周铁军，重庆大学建筑城规学院风景园林系讲师、博士后潘崟在《规划师》2019年第16期撰文，在城镇化背景下，农村人口大规模地向城市流动，传统农耕文明的空间结构逐渐瓦解，乡村建设大量兴起。但目前的乡村建设大多是物质资源的再转移，忽略对本土居民的参与、农民的行为逻辑和农村的生产模式等环节的考虑。行动者网络理论是内生式发展的基础理论，文章以行动者网络理论为理论支撑和研究方法，通过梳理文献，提出乡村建设是以村民为主体的人类行动者和非人类行动者共同参与的异质性网络的建立与更新过程，乡村是各异质行动者共同参与构建的不断变化的异质性网络空间，转译是乡村网络空间形成与发展的动力机制，借助ANT理论可以更好地实现乡村建设中微观范畴的研究。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(27, 117, 16), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]乡村建设；行动者网络理论；动力机制；转译；利益联盟；主体意识</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2019)16-0062-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU981　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]A</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]邹明妍，周铁军，潘崟．基于行动者网络理论的乡村建设动力机制[J]．规划师，2019(16)：62-67．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sbEzicolsfFLnd2xcaIcyeaotYAamNbXsxqeFaP1m388dbvKQkCndicSicZ3XemDGCibjZicc5nV9TnnOAL3Qh2kovA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">理论依据——行动者网络理论的认识</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ANT理论作为一种表达工具研究转<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">译的逻辑方法，以行动者(Agency)、网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络(Network)和转译(Translation)为核心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容。ANT 理论认为一切在行动中发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生作用的人或非人的存在要素均为行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者，它们具有不同的行为逻辑与利益诉</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求，该理论的一般对等原则表示，网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络系统中扮演不同角色的行动者虽然是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">异质的，但是具有对等性，要以对等原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则平等地看待人类行动者与非人类行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者，消除主客体的二元划分，使行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有广泛性和能动性，以及使行动者之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间彼此依赖、相互联系。行动者分为核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心行动者和其他行动者，并且所有的行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动者都是转译者而非中介者，他们的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行为、需求、信息不断地被转化，任何</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行动的结果都是不可预测的；转译是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">ANT 理论的核心，主要研究网络连接的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本方法，包括问题呈现、利益赋予、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">征召、动员和异议5 个环节，通过不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的路径使行动者关注的对象问题化，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界定行动者在网络中的角色，使核心行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动者与其他行动者结成稳固的利益联盟，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时核心行动者的问题成为实现其他行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动者目标的“强制通行点”(Obligatory</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Points of Passage，简称“OPP”)，转</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">译使异质行动者集体行动，形成动态、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">稳定的行动者网络。网络作为描述连接</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的方法，强调变化、流动的过程，网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的稳定性取决于行动者利益的转译强度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图1)。ANT理论平等地看待各异质行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者，比较全面地分析多元行动者之间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">互动关系，揭示网络建构与利益联盟形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成的动力机制，能够为乡村建设提供新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的研究视角。同时，行动者网络理论也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具有一定的局限性，该理论适用于乡村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设中微观层面的研究，各异质行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的选取具有主观性，且行动者网络中异</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质行动者的数量较多，容易忽略行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络建立与发展过程中不同行动者的不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同作用，使利益联盟各成员扮演的角色</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在界定上具有一定难度。网络联盟各行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动者的行动是发展变化的，需要结合社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会背景不断总结更新。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">　</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.595679" data-w="648" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9sU4lD0PvYBsU8DkrAWJthfuo1NNaxbRN5HCu6ckO7U9fmHG2u7XuHmhwYKlwqP6wpSxu1Wiczzw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sbEzicolsfFLnd2xcaIcyeaotYAamNbXsxqeFaP1m388dbvKQkCndicSicZ3XemDGCibjZicc5nV9TnnOAL3Qh2kovA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络联盟中核心行动者的行为</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">逻辑</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">异质行动者涵盖了在乡村建设过程<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中发挥作用的所有要素，包括村民、村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民委员会、政府、企业、建筑师等人类</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行动者以及自然景观、土地、农产品、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统文化等非人类行动者。以ANT理论</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">认识论的视角审视乡村建设的本质结构，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国传统村落是以村民为核心行动者的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内生式网络系统，而乡村建设则借助政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府、建筑师和企业等外生力量对乡村社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会进行重构，是内生力量与外生力量联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">合作用下的内生式网络与外生式网络的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">叠加，乡村建设的过程就是异质性网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立、更新的过程。ANT 理论视角下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村的网络建构一直处于动态更新的变</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化中，乡村建设的行动者在各自利益的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">驱使下被征召进入乡村建设的网络系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中，不同行动者的主体目标、面临的障</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">碍不同，伴随利益格局的变化，不断有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">原有行动者退出和新行动者进入，其中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核心行动者的行为逻辑在网络的建立、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更新过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村建设作为一项复杂的工程，在不同的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段具有不同的行动者，ANT理论虽然</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提出“核心行动者”的理念，但是没有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界定核心行动者的相关方法。国内学者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">针对乡村建设的参与主体展开多方面研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究，王竹等人指出在乡村发展过程中村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民一直作为主体角色发挥作用，政府、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">企业和专业人士等则是乡村建设的介入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者。贺雪峰指出新农村建设要尊重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民的主体立场。通过相关文献总</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结得出，在当代乡村建设过程中，村民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是建设整个阶段的核心行动者，处于主体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地位。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同的行动者具有不同的行为特征，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">ANT理论要求研究者关注群体的形成、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展过程，记录行动者的行为变化，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以便于更好地了解行动者的行为意图。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设必须探讨村民的行为变化，保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">证村民利益诉求的实现与多方主体参与。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">随着工业化、城镇化和全球化的推动，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村社会的内生秩序发生巨变，农民的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会行为也发生改变。理清农民经济活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动、社会交往等行为及基本行动单位的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展脉络与变化情况，更好地了解村民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在乡村建设中面临的各项问题，唤醒村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民的主体意识，有利于乡村建设网络自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">下而上内生动力的动态稳定，保证利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益联盟的良性发展。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">　</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）以家庭为基本行动单位</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国传统乡土社会是一个地方性的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">熟人社会，以农业为主，农民对土地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的依赖性强，土地的不可流动性使血缘</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与地缘逐渐融合，宗族成为社会交往的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">独立单位，承担着政治、经济、祭祀、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">婚丧嫁娶和节庆等功能。村民日常生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等活动面向村庄内部，日常交往对象主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要是邻里、宗亲及姻亲中的成员，并以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宗亲为重，村民的社会交往表现为“差</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">序格局”的人际交往模式。在差序格</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局的支配下，村民的行为必须遵循相应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的伦理道德规范，村庄成为礼治秩序维</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系下的熟人社会，村民以 “宗族”为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">单位，划分公与私、内与外，村民间互相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">帮助，形成传统农民行动的一般逻辑。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中华人民共和国成立后，宗族瓦解，人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">际关系以经济分化为基础。家庭联产承</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">包责任制的施行使农业生产效率提高，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">农民逐渐成为农村市场经济的主体，农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村家庭核心化发展，村民间的交往、互</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">动减少，人际关系日益私密化、功利化；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在当代农村社会，以业缘、趣缘、血缘、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地缘、个人偏好构建的圈层结构逐渐取</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">代以血缘、地缘构建的差序格局，成为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村民主要的社会交际网络，人情成为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">农民换取自身利益的工具，农村逐渐成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">为“人情化”的半熟人社会。伦理道德</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规范对村民的管束作用逐渐弱于礼治秩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">序维系下的熟人社会，核心家庭成为村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">民的基本行动单位，利益成为维系社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">亲密关系的考察要素，但村民仍对核心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">家庭以上的组织层面(包括联合家庭、小</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">亲族、户族、宗族) 具有认同感。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）理性化的经济行动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国传统农业社会出于自然风险和<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协同耕作等原因，资源配置并不追求经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">济利益的最大化，而是在伦理道德规范</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作用下追求较低的风险分配与较高的生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">存保障，农民的经济活动具有“生存理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性”特征。改革开放以来，农村经济</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构发生巨大改变，市场经济进入农村，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民逐渐渴求经济利益最大化，但由于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">家庭经营规模小、成本高，农业生产难</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以与市场接轨等原因，农业收入相对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较低，城乡居民收入差距逐步扩大。农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民迫于生计进城务工，向除农业以外的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其他产业部门转移，青壮年劳动力大规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模地涌入城市，农业劳动力占乡村总劳</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动力的比重下降，而农活主要由老人、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">妇女承担，农民的收入由农业生产和打</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">工收入两部分组成，并且打工收入成为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村家庭收入的主要来源，由此“利益—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风险”机制成为经济行为的决策机制，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民的经济行为不再盲目地追求经济利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益最大化，而是在理性化行动作用下的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有条件的利益最大化。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">伦理道德约束下的个人主体意识</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">觉醒</span></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在我国传统乡土社会，宗族依据族<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">产和儒家文化思想治理乡村，村民以家</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">庭伦理为本位，遵循集体主义的行为取</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向，对宗族的认同感较强。中华人民共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和国成立后，乡、镇行政体制取代宗族，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民具有生产自主权，政府对村庄的控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制力度逐渐加强。集体化时期，人民公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社替代了乡镇体制，人民公社作为农村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基层政治组织管理农村的生产和分配，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高度集权化的乡村治理体制使农民在政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">治上依附于国家，以伦理为本的集体主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">义转变为以国家为本的集体主义。家庭</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">联产承包责任制实施后，人际交往关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发生改变，村民行动表现出利己的行为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特征，表现为伦理道德约束下的个人主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">义。同时，实行村民自治后，政府不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">干预属于村民自治范围内的各项事务，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村民开始以个人为主体参与乡村政治，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向政府表达与自身利益相关的诉求，这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进一步促进了村民个人主体意识的觉醒，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村民的行动表现出强烈的个人主体意识。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">ANT理论指导下的乡村建设是村民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主导下的集体行动，当代农村主要以核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心家庭为基本行动单位，但村民仍对核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心家庭以上的组织层面(包括联合家庭、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">小亲族、户族、宗族等) 具有认同感，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设中村民的行动单位要依据不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地域的具体情况具体分析，不同行动单</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位的地方性共识对村民行为具有一定的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制约作用，地方性文化共识较强的组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会成为村民较认可的行动单位。多元行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动者间的利益关系决定集体行动能力的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强弱，在圈层结构下，村民拥有包括地缘、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">血缘、业缘、趣缘和个人偏好等关系在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内的复杂的社会关系网络，村民间的交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">往表现出利己的行为特征，经济行动从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生存理性转变为理性化行动，在利益关</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">系处理过程中有条件地保证村民利益最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大化，从而使行动单位内部具有较强的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">凝聚力。在村庄发展过程中，村民在村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">庄内部有着自己的行为准则，共享一套</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">非正式的“行为规范”。当伦理道德约</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">束下的个人主体意识觉醒后，乡村建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要调动村民的主体意识，通过村民的组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">织重构美丽乡村网络空间，共同抵御网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络外部的变化，但目前大多数乡村建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">还未完全调动村民的主体意识，村民往</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">往是被动的参与者，不是参与的行为主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体。而政府、建筑师的强势介入打破了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村民间非正式的“行为规范”，破坏村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了民在利益联盟中的利益关系，不利于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设网络的持续更新。乡村建设要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">唤醒农民作为核心行动者的主体意识，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尊重村民的主观意愿与客观行为，协调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">好多方利益关系。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sbEzicolsfFLnd2xcaIcyeaotYAamNbXsxqeFaP1m388dbvKQkCndicSicZ3XemDGCibjZicc5nV9TnnOAL3Qh2kovA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设网络形成与发展的动力</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">机制</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在乡村建设中发挥村民的主体意识，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有利于形成自下而上的发展动力，但村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民如何作为主体在乡村建设中发挥作用，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利益联盟如何高效运转成为乡村建设的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动力机制，是乡村建设需要思考的问题。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">ANT理论的转译过程就是核心行动者与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其他异质行动者达成统一目标，确立多方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">责任利益关系，形成利益联盟的过程，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这一过程能够有效地解决乡村建设面临</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的上述问题。转译原理作为ANT理论的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核心，也是行动者利益联盟建立与发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的动力机制，是乡村建设行动者网络的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重点和关键，其包括问题呈现、利益赋予、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动员、征召和异议等环节。在转译阶段，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">界定各异质行动者在网络中扮演的角色，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核心行动者通过征召、动员，使更多异</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质行动者进入网络，从而能够有效整合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各行动者不同的利益诉求，协调好多元</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行动者间的互动关系，形成稳固的利益</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">联盟。转译是否成功取决于行动者进入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络后对角色转变的满意程度，乡村建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设网络的持久稳定依赖于各异质行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">角色转变后在利益联盟中的协作关系。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）问题呈现与强制通行点</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设涉及的异质行动者面临的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">障碍和利益追求不同，如何统筹各行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者间不同的利益取向是乡村建设面临的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重要问题。问题呈现作为乡村建设利益</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">联盟建立之初的转译环节，需明确乡村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设中各行动者在实现自己目标过程中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面临的障碍和问题，通过核心行动者找</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出利益联盟各目标实现的强制通行点，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成为各异质行动者共同的行为意愿，这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也有助于协调好不同行动者的利益追求。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在乡村建设过程中，村民基于自身群体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的利益诉求提出乡村建设利益联盟的总</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体目标，即“相信乡村建设可以促进农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村经济发展，提高人民生活水平，满足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民精神需求，共创美丽乡村新局面”。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在实现这一目标的过程中，不同的行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者面临的障碍及各自需要实现的目标不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同，农民主要面临农业生产收入低、技</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">术水平低、土地闲置或荒废、邻里关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不融洽、人情关系网维系时间短及生活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质量差等问题；政府是乡村建设的决策</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者，代表大多数村民的公共利益，其主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要面临城乡收入差距扩大、乡村发展空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心化、村落共同体瓦解、村民政治参与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度低及乡村产业发展不协调等障碍；村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民委员会作为乡村群众性自治组织面临</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村民自我认知差、政府政策普及度低等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题；自然景观则面临乡村自然景观资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">源丰富，但利用率低下等障碍。为了实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现所有行动者各自的目标，需基于村民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的利益需求确定实现总体目标的强制通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行点。乡村建设的强制通行点是“收入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高、环境改善、生活质量提升”，所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有障碍的消除和目标的实现必须通过强</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制通行点才可以输出结果，进而进行下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一阶段的网络建构。强制通行点是各异</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质行动者结成稳固利益联盟的前提条件。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）利益赋予</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利益联盟中各异质行动者若要在乡<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村建设中持续发挥最大作用，则需保证</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各异质行动者的互动平衡与稳定关系。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利益赋予是核心行动者用来稳固利益联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盟关系的技术措施，能够促使各行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者在乡村建设利益联盟中扮演核心行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者赋予他们的新角色，实现异质行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的互动平衡。在乡村建设过程中，不同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的行动者具有不同的利益取向，当行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者的利益取向发生分歧时会产生冲突，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为避免利益冲突造成乡村网络构建的不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">稳定，利益赋予阶段也必须经过强制通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行点，各行动者围绕强制通行点和自己</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的利益需求形成网络联盟。乡村建设各</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行动者的利益诉求与目标如图2所示，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过政策制定、资源分配、权力下放和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资金投入等方式界定乡村建设各行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在利益联盟中的新角色，使他们在乡村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设中发挥积极作用。农民具有增加经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">济收入、提高生活质量及完善居住环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等利益诉求，是网络联盟的核心行动者，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也是利益联盟的代言人；政府希望平衡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村产业发展，实现城乡统筹发展，是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络联盟的领导者与决策者；村民委员</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会具有提高社区形象、促进乡村发展等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">诉求，是网络联盟的政策解读者与支持</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者；建筑师、规划师等专业人士具有提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升村民的专业知识、实现社会价值等利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益诉求，是网络联盟的梳理者；土地作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为非人类行动者，在乡村建设过程中希</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">望实现土地集约化、现代化经营, 实现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高产出，避免被废弃和闲置，是网络联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盟的参与者；通过问题呈现阶段各行动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者的利益诉求，重新规定行动者在乡村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设网络中的地位，使乡村建设中的所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有行动者被征召成为乡村建设网络联盟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的成员，并在网络中扮演不同的角色</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5189274" data-w="634" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9sU4lD0PvYBsU8DkrAWJtYr4YbJ0xLDcX0c1zHZtOLU88yhDLibhIEX3vRm6HfiaYzZoPVZIA9QpQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1355422" data-w="332" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9sU4lD0PvYBsU8DkrAWJt5ooor3WrI36eTicJnUjv55xs5EI4LhW7e6ciahWmTQcz1RqIk8uI4uDg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）征召与动员</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设要充分调动各成员的积极<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性，提高各异质行动者对于网络联盟中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各自新角色的满意度。征召和动员两个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段能够调动行动者参与的积极性，使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各异质行动者广泛地参与乡村建设。转</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">译环节的征召与利益联系紧密，征召的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前提是利益相关化，乡村建设的总体目</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标决定行动者网络需要招募的对象不仅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包括人类行动者，还包括非人类行动者，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">被征召的对象接受核心行动者赋予他们</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的任务和规定的利益，成为利益联盟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的成员。在乡村建设过程中，村民基于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自身物质、精神生活需求的提高促使基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层政府重视美丽乡村建设，使基层政府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为缩小城乡发展差距提供政策支持。由</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此可知，基层政府被征召为利益联盟的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成员，基层政府又征召村民委员会，村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">干部在政府号召下成为利益联盟的成员，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向村民传达政府的各项政策、指标。企</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">业等投资单位为追求经济利益逐渐加入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设利益联盟中，人类行动者被征</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">召后，土地、房屋和传统乡土文化等非</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人类行动者也逐渐被征召成为利益联盟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的成员，用于耕种的土地被征召后可能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成为乡村的建设用地，传统文化被征召</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">后成为乡村的文化品牌等。动员阶段使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建议者上升为网络的代言人，对利益联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盟的成员行使权利，Callon认为只有完</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成动员这一阶段，乡村建设网络的建立</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">才算完整。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）异议</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设包含的异质行动者数量多、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">身份复杂，各自的利益诉求也不同。保</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">证利益赋予的均衡性是利益联盟持续稳</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定的必要条件，而利益联盟各主体关于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利益分配的异议有利于促进乡村建设网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络的持续更新，以更好地协调各方利益。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在乡村建设网络构建过程中，需要处理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的异议有农民参与的主体地位、村庄的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体风貌协调、村庄的经济结构与产业</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展、用地布局、村庄景观整治、村庄</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展的规模等问题。在异议环节，各行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动者通过平等协商、互相沟通，解决乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村建设的异议，保证利益联盟关系的持</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">久稳固。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题呈现、利益赋予、征召、动员<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和异议作为转译的5个环节，在网络建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构过程中的参与顺序是随机的，它们提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供了乡村建设网络形成与发展的基本路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径，各环节的高效协作是促进乡村建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络建立的关键。在利用ANT理论具体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分析时，转译过程要基于核心行动者明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">确利益联盟各行动者实现各自目标的强</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制通行点，使各行动者的利益相关化。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在各人类行动者和非人类行动者被征召</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为联盟成员时，要保证其利益赋予的均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衡性，从而使成员满意各自在利益联盟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中扮演的新角色，使不同利益取向的联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盟成员形成稳定关系。乡村建设的过程</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是行动者网络的构建过程，也是利益联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盟集体行动的过程，其在传统内生式网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络的基础上形成新的网络系统。在网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建的过程中，村庄的形象、规模、功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能结构和物质空间结构、产业结构和土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地利用情况也发生着变化，之后政策的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调整、行动者的进入或退出、利益联盟</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各成员利益的变化，都会造成网络结构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的不断更新。ANT理论要求研究者要随</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时注意网络中各利益联盟的关系，及时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">梳理参与乡村建设各行动者的利益诉求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过持续不断地转译，形成有序、稳定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的乡村建设网络(图4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6003185" data-w="628" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mh9sU4lD0PvYBsU8DkrAWJtgmO10s2ZxTib4GerISRmuwVbia3HHuj3nUe8rInOIVJSrk08cE4vUWrw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sbEzicolsfFLnd2xcaIcyeaotYAamNbXsxqeFaP1m388dbvKQkCndicSicZ3XemDGCibjZicc5nV9TnnOAL3Qh2kovA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(23, 87, 45);border-bottom: 8px ridge rgb(237, 163, 100);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding: 8px 10px;border-left-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(238, 238, 238);padding: 0px 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四 结语</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);float: left;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -2px;border-right-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，我国的乡村建设仍处于理论<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">探索阶段，ANT理论为乡村建设提供一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种新的视角与理论框架，为如何处理不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同异质行动者的行为逻辑与多方责任利</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">益关系、利益联盟中各行动者冲突，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及如何形成乡村建设网络与其发展的动</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力机制等问题提供理论支撑。在ANT理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">论下，美丽乡村是一个由农民、政府、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">企业等人类行动者和土地、农产品、景观、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统文化等非人类行动者共同构成的异</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质性网络空间，转译是乡村网络空间形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成与发展的动力机制，随着各行动者的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进入或退出，利益联盟的格局发生变化，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络的结构不断更新。作为一项复杂、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">综合及动态的系统工程，乡村建设会经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">历不同的阶段，不同阶段中乡村建设的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行动者不同，但村民始终作为乡村建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的主体参与网络构建，是总体过程的核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心行动者，能够征召更多的行动者加入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设的网络建构中，并通过问题呈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现、利益赋予、动员等环节界定利益联</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盟中各参与者的利益和角色，使乡村建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设的利益联盟紧密协作、稳定运作。乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村建设要充分调动农民这一核心行动者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的积极性，并通过转译与其他行动者结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成稳固的利益联盟，共同完成美丽乡村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设这一共同目标。</span></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;margin-top: -2px;float: right;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -2px;margin-bottom: 2px;border-right-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sbEzicolsfFLnd2xcaIcyeaotYAamNbXsxqeFaP1m388dbvKQkCndicSicZ3XemDGCibjZicc5nV9TnnOAL3Qh2kovA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ib3QSHnhC6GAV3fgUedC5eSDvrMgO3pc6oLlwwOoqvVMTpIMfShg7o2RSyWQGoh7rjblLDS8y9mMvDnSVAeOMdQ/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年16期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》杂志2019年16期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于行动者网络理论的乡村建设动力机制</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section 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top;width: 80%;text-align: left;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 8px;border-radius: 8px;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可看原文）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;padding-left: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】改革开放以来中国城市规划理论国际化历程研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 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0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 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