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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXF2n9Uq8YvchvEwBDDv0PTnav99cXiaz5c9kBZaLBCKiaam5ZW5RwVJzA/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXF2n9Uq8YvchvEwBDDv0PTnav99cXiaz5c9kBZaLBCKiaam5ZW5RwVJzA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【专题研究】</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">当前乡村规划问题反思与策略——</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以乡村规划设计竞赛为剖析对象</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(104, 175, 201);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者同济大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授杨帆，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院本科生周天扬，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院本科生朱结好在《规划师》2019年第16期撰文，继新农村建设、美丽乡村政策之后，国家又提出了乡村振兴战略。在此背景下，规划界和学界在进一步认知新型城镇化政策内涵的同时，急需梳理乡村规划与城市规划的辩证关系。文章分析现有乡村规划的政策路径和技术路径，指出在法律、治理架构下，当前乡村规划忽视乡村治理的特征、实施主体的意愿和技术表达的方式等问题。当前的乡村规划都是政府主导推动的示范性活动，普遍以乡村规划竞赛的形式存在，还未真正出现自治主体主动为之的乡村规划；乡村规划竞赛实则也是乡村规划教育的主要形式，因此难免存在内容缺陷。文章基于对多领域既有研究的详尽综述，以及具体乡村规划竞赛案例和教学，阐释城乡规划学科视域的乡村规划技术逻辑体系和政策逻辑体系。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(27, 117, 16), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]乡村规划；乡村规划竞赛；空间规划；城乡关系；乡村规划教育</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2019)16-0068-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU982.29</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]杨帆，周天扬，朱结好．当前乡村规划问题反思与策略——以乡村规划设计竞赛为剖析对象[J]．规划师，2019(16)：68-73.</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 我国乡村的基本特征</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村是农业从业者居住的村庄与人居空间形态，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及围绕着聚居地而开展相应生产经营、社会文化活</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动的空间地域范围。我国乡村一直以来都是国家经济</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和社会的基石，它有三个方面的主要特征：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 城乡二元结构长期存在，形成了乡村研究的基<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本语境。在经济方面，由于我国长期采</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用“生产要素收益上的城乡剪刀差”和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设置严格的“城乡二元经济门槛”等政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">策，以农村地区支持城市建设和发展，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导致城乡利益分化，最终导致城乡居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">收入差距的扩大。在社会方面，由于“二</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">元分割”的户籍制度、就业制度和城乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会保障制度，导致农村社会身份认同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">固化，降低了城乡间人口的流动性，“农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民工”演化成一种制度性安排，使其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">难以享受城市公共服务，基本权利难</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以得到保障。乡村社会受地方风俗等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影响，更强调血缘关系和宗族关系，这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与城市社会有很大差异。由于上述两</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个方面的影响，生产要素在城乡间的流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">动受到一定程度的制约，城乡二元结构</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是人为地影响城乡协调发展、人口双向</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流动和维持相对分割的城乡秩序的原因。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 乡村土地制度是影响空间资源使<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用、城市和农村地区长远发展的关键。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，在乡村进行开发建设需要先对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村土地实施征用；另一方面，农村土</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地权属具有空间细碎化的特征，不利于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农地的规模化经营，导致农村土地“所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有权、承包权、经营权”的三权分置改革。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村土地制度“产权模糊”的制度性特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点影响着农民各项权益的保障。农地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流转意愿，“农民工”市民化进程，农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民作为经济主体参与市场经济活动的能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">力都因此受到影响。同时，城市化地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的空间蔓延又在持续不断地侵蚀着农村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间地域，导致乡村聚落开始空废化，乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土社会赖以维持的空间载体随之破败。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)村民自治是乡村治理的基本方式，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是我国基层民主政治制度的一项重要内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">容。在我国，由宪法、国家和省级村民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">委员会组织法、部门规章和地方规章等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构成的村民自治法律体系已经形成。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">国家行政管理权力向农村地区的延伸，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与农村自治机制产生了冲突，如由于对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建设管理的认知不同，间接导致“村庄</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">两委”、村庄精英、村民之间的矛</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">盾，也同时显现了“村民委员会”的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">双重身份，即国家意志的基层代理人——</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乡镇政府的“神经末梢”和基层村民自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">治性组织两重身份。由于乡政与村治在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">权力竞争和利益诉求方面的差异，在实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">践上很难经由同一个决策机构实现两个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性质不同决策主体的博弈。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，城乡规划视域的乡村规划不<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仅面临着法律渊源不明确、制度性主体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缺失和土地制度影响三方面的困境，还</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要解决由此带来的技术工具合理性</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 三十岗乡东瞿村规划竞赛剖析</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）案例简况</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三十岗乡位于合肥市庐阳区西北<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部，距离合肥市中心22km，辖区面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积为32.58km2。其中，本研究所选取</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的案例—东瞿村，位于三十岗乡东部，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离合肥市区19.9km。全村面积为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3582.6亩(2.38km2)，现有耕地面积为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">889亩(0.59km2)，退耕还林面积为532</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">亩(0.35km2)；共有8个村民组，531户，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">户籍人口1679人(图1)。2005年，东</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">瞿村曾经是合肥市新农村建设示范点之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一，村庄环境得到了全面整治，村舍按</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照徽派与汉代建筑风格相结合的方式重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新设计。东瞿村在2017年被选为“中国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">首届大学生乡村规划竞赛( 合肥赛区)”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的主要设计基地之一。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6257862" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXPb2fdLhs7en6OE2Cgqg0YTQzPhzzswFGNbqHjqLmUkWbia7cfRQERnw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）东瞿村乡村规划的编制过程</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(30deg);-moz-transform: rotate(30deg);-o-transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;-moz-transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;-o-transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.现场调研</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 规划编制组织者和委托者。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">东瞿村所在三十岗乡政府，在庐阳<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区政府的指导下，具体推进东瞿村的乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村规划。三十岗乡域正好位于合肥市重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要水源地，因而发展长期受到限制，因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此乡政府非常希望通过规划设计竞赛这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个平台，找到发展动力。三十岗乡政府与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高校师生群体建立起技术咨询委托关系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并成为“乡村规划”竞赛基地。设计团队</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在现场调研时发现，东瞿村村委会仅是意</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">见征询对象和公众参与成员，座谈会、答</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疑会和专家评审环节均由乡政府主导。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 了解乡村土地关系。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">东瞿村下属所有的耕地已经全部流<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">转(图2)，承包经营者们获得的经营期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限为20年，包括诸如“东瞿村桃蹊水果</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农场”“瓜牛乐园”等特色农产品经营</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主体。经营者出于对投资回报的考虑，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大幅减少经济作物的种植，转而发展游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乐项目和以体验经济为主的建设开发项</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">目，导致地方性传统特色农产品的衰落，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如毛桃、西瓜等作物大量减产。相当数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">量的村民不能接受土地流转后的这种结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">果，对耕地荒废、农耕水系衰落及传统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作物消逝备感惋惜(根据访谈录音整理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所得)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.3421052631578947" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXjXWmk7lqqnjMBCAYzqATV6XibiajDhGsA1ug9gus9JEjc3ORIf5C9UPA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="266" style=""  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同于农地，东瞿村村民的宅基地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">仍然被牢牢地掌握在村民手中。作为对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经营权的“明示”，土地承包经营商们</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在村落与农民原承包地之间构筑了一道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">铁网作为空间分割(图3)。村民只能于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅前院后的空地上种植蔬菜自给，或者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经营农家乐等餐饮业来获取日常收入。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">访谈显示，丧失务农技能、土地已经流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">转的村民，多数进入城市寻找工作。城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市地区是农村劳动力的实际就业地，农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地流转后所发展的产业类型，则以吸引</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市居民的消费为目的。</span><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4039216" data-w="255" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXH7P4rlhth7T8vicrf9W9fgely7XBnUxHJ5F017sTYKeyHL4atejZlvw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 11px;height: 11px;padding: 3px;margin-bottom: -5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 15px;margin-left: 5px;transform: rotate(30deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(30deg);-moz-transform: rotate(30deg);-o-transform: rotate(30deg);transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;-moz-transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;-o-transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-top-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219);border-right-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);margin-right: 13px;margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.形成方案</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 构想村庄空间规划方案。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设计团队通过向村民征询意见，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提出重新梳理村落空间结构，创造宜居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村落的空间方案。采用的基本空间手法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是尽可能地将村级“公共空间”或停车</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场地规划在集体土地上(图4)。对由于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">安排连续、结构化的公共空间而受到影</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">响的民居和村民宅基地，提出替代性方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案，如建立土地“补偿机制”，在村落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其他位置予以等面积“补偿”。由于缺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乏对宅基地情况和村民意愿的深入调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研，缺乏与村民的沟通，再加上设计团</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">队在地方性知识、权利意识和文化习俗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等民情认知方面的不足，或者是说将民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情认知转化为有说服力的空间设计方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面的能力不足，最终导致设计结果难以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为村民所接受。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7884187" data-w="449" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXkKjiaSadyjibHDX1Lp8joRicV2RvmeyYSCSWEoRmdicBvN9cNI4WRiaCyjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 构建乡村空间规划体系。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在东瞿村规划中，各竞赛团队都围<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绕着村落空间编制了关于“域”的规划—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村域规划、乡域规划，反映了不同层级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的管辖主体在治理辖区发展中所涉及的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间性议题。内容包括：①依据城乡社</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会经济发展和建设的总体部署，对乡域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行的农村居民点体系规划，反映了以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间规模和结构为表征的农村社区自组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">织空间网络(图5)。②在村域范围进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的功能性地区划分和安排，以空间结构、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能布局规划的方式得以表达(图6)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">③在自然村落范围进行的优化和改善村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民居住空间的详细规划内容，类似于城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市住宅区的修建性详细规划，采用的空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间“语言”包括道路系统、绿地景观及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">详细节点设计等(图7～图9)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5651376" data-w="545" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrX5ZwOIq0xnZdjrP9xqSdYP42uDyyju7iaVMG9VTTd7VZrNrdxic7OiaLJg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7231121" data-w="437" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXicyTsGUmOXtYtBhB8dibfpzE8oFDfgeibibNa6A3FibAyiaXaiaP77vALIXww/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2670807" data-w="322" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXT0LALDP28pfRnqyqpwEiaAvuyKq6c5eKKgKuzYwcfhdDosZxMzvIrwg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1928783" data-w="337" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrX5mISqmJITwLbkbg1G6slyWxUNJWPw8bKGaQz5lxk80IDy7cxSqp1ew/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4914729" data-w="645" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXXRj6bIpe5Qgn34Kib9mX5IjyY2Zg7zajcbCwXqoq7Z5mBwCgBGAVOjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 当前乡村规划存在问题剖析</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上述城乡规划专业视域的空间规划<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体系内容，与村民日常生活活动之间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关联较弱，村民通常难解其意。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）大多忽视治理制度和法律背景</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划是“共同体”对未来生存状态<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的集体愿景和管理工具。它通常表现为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地方行政主体或者治理主体权力体系的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个构成部分，或是地方治理机制权力</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">协调的一项内容。乡村规划要么是政府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行政管理权力对乡村社区的干预，要么</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是乡村自治组织自我管理的工具。当前，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划面临如下难题。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 作为外界对乡村社区干预和引导<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的力量，乡村规划需要找到更具支撑力</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的法律依据。在城市地区，规划是由政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府决策主体主导的多元参与并以综合控</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制为表征的决策手段。在乡村地区，村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民自治是一种基层民主的组织方式，《宪</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法》(2018 年) 一百一十一条有明确规定。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在1987年颁布并试行的《村民委员会组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">织法》的第二条也进行过同样的规定。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此，乡村规划应被认为是村委会自治</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范畴的公共事务和公益事业，或者由村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">委会通过委托代理程序委托给他们信任</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的机构。目前，城乡规划视域的乡村规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划通常被溯源至1993年6月29日国务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">院颁布的《村庄和集镇规划建设管理条</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例》(村镇条例)、2008年1月1日开始</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实行的《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2008年4月22日颁布的《历史文化名</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城名镇名村保护条例》。这些现有条例</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和法规，并未将乡村规划的编制和管理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">工作视作村民委员会的自主性事务，而</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是将其作为乡镇政府规划权的延伸。这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一理解应当是不充分的。一方面，其忽</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">视了对有关组织编制城乡规划的规划权</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限的界定；另一方面，也缺乏对《宪法》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(2018年)赋予村民自治基本权力的考虑，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有违制度设计的初衷。由此，容易造</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成城乡规划视域下乡村建设的“短视”、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划执行主体不明和消极被动等问题。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此外，还改变了乡村空间生产传统的内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在机制(图10)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4160247" data-w="649" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXhvicUibqNLROVkYSl3Wj3FhiaPkiaYnc3TAQeg5b26qnb6cFsbG58Q8P6Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 需要明确乡村规划的实施和责任<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主体。乡村规划在法律渊源上存在的不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同认识，导致其在组织编制和乡村规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实施层面存在不畅。《村民委员会组织法》</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">第五条规定，乡镇人民政府不得干预依</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">法属于村民自治范围内的事项；国家在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">赋予农民自我管理权利的同时，仍会选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">择将功能性的权力下沉到村一级，乡镇</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府组织对村庄治理的支配存在着普遍</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性，特别是在乡村规划管理中，因为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济、社会等资源调配能力的失衡，这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种“指导关系”很容易演变成“领导关系”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导致村民自治失去意义。由于存在这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种颇具影响力的上下关系，城乡规划常</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">被视为国家治理体系的重要组成部分。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是从技术工具角度看，乡村规划又是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同政策性项目在农村落地的空间协调</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机制，包括村庄布点规划、村庄建设规划，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及对单个村庄聚落进行具体建设之前</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所开展的规划行为。从编制技术角度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理解的乡村规划，与从治理角度(或政策</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层面) 理解的乡村规划相去甚远。竞赛形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式的乡村规划并非是乡村社区自治机制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">自下而上的自我发展诉求使然，事实上，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有多少乡村规划是由村委会发出的动议</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值得深思。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）大多忽视农村土地制度</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农村土地不仅仅是生产资料，也是<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民财产和社会保障。城乡二元特征</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理应体现在乡村规划与城市规划的区别</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之中。城市规划的技术手段，在于从公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共空间的建构入手，梳理和划分不同的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市功能性地区，并由不同层级、规模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和形态的公共空间体系将私密、半私密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间连接起来。乡村地区土地产权关系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">随人口结构而变动，并有承继关系，因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此乡村规划的技术表现应尊重土地使用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">权属特征，不能简单从道路、广场等所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">谓公共空间场所体系入手进行功能组织。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 在村域层面，土地流转带来农业<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衰退、农地闲置和产业发展短视的现象。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地承包权与经营权的分离，间接导致</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大量农民无地可种，只能通过年终分红</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的形式获得少量收入。当前乡村规划(竞</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">赛) 无暇厘清村民个体、村委会、土地租</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">赁经营主体、乡政府等多元角色之间相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">互博弈的利益关系，所提出的诸如发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农业旅游、采摘体验等经济措施，实则</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">无法解决土地制度下的利益纠葛问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 在村落与村域关系层面，原承包<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地与村民宅基地间常以空间分隔方式明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">示权属差异。乡村规划(竞赛) 常把村落</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与村域农地设想为类似居住空间和就业</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间的功能区划分，并在此基础上构想</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间方案，缺乏对土地流转现实状况和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会经济后果的深入探究。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 村落内部，宅基地以家庭为单位<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">呈“斑块”化分布并影响着村落“公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间”的形成。乡村规划(竞赛) 不适合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">被作为住宅区修建性详细规划对待，宅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基地分布特征、乡村聚落空间自组织的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地方特征和传统特征应被充分尊重与传</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">承。故应特别谨慎采用诸如中心广场、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住组团、开敞空间和公共绿地等规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计手法。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）技术成果忽视村民的认知能力</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划图纸和文本传递政策性信<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">息的技术体系，因受众长期固定而日趋</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">复杂。乡村地区存在历史文化和受众群</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体两方面的特殊性与差异性，乡村规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(竞赛) 中采用的规划技术表达方式常常</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">让“村民觉得看不懂，专家觉得不规范”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划的技术性与村民的接受程度两者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">存在错位，使得规划本身难以发挥指导</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在与村民的沟通上同样存在问题。<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一是现场调研常常受乡镇政府的引导，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不利于规划团队掌握村民、村集体的实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">际需求。二是采用的问卷、访谈调研形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式不符合村民的理解方式—以口口相传</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的方式接收信息的村民，缺乏对书面语</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">言的理解能力。三是相对琐碎的村民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">意见常常不能在成果中被展现，重要信</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">息被遗漏。乡村规划(竞赛) 的成果图件</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导向，符合规划专家和管理者的思考逻</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辑及思维模式，却并非以让村民读懂、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">接受和遵守为目的，在对村民意见进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">深层次归纳梳理方面，不仅缺乏经验，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">还缺乏相应的手段。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以竞赛或者示范为动因的乡村规划，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是当前乡村规划领域具有普遍性和代表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性的规划形式，同时又是完成乡村规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">教育的方式。如果乡村规划(竞赛) 一味</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">迎合政府部门工作业绩，不仅容易导致</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">忽视村民的需求，还会导致乡村规划的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">失败，致使以此为载体的乡村规划教育</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">失于偏颇，最终导致政府投资的浪费。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 对乡村规划的思考</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划竞赛和示范项目是当前乡<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村规划的主要形式，同时也是乡村规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">教育的主要形式。因此，乡村规划存在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">什么样的问题，也就意味着乡村规划教</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">育存在相应的问题。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">　</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划应关注村民诉求，顺应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村治理模式</span></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，乡村规划是对不同于城市社<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会群体和生活聚落而开展的规划。在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居民身份认同、收入、福利分配、社会</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保障、生活模式和居住环境方面都与城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市地区存在很大差异。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，乡村社会治理机制有其特殊<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性。村民自治是基层民主的重要形式之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一，村集体拥有《宪法》(2018年)赋予的、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">决定村内公共事务和公益事业的权力。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">因此，应从法律渊源层面认识到乡村规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">划是一种基层自治机制，是自下而上发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">展意愿与自上而下管制权力共同作用的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">领域，它的实施和责任既要落实在乡村自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">治主体上，又要适度接受国家行政权力的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">指导。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，探索和运用适宜乡村的规划<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">语言和表达方式，要关注农村土地制度，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重视土地的权属特征和空间特征。同时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">探索适应村民需求和意愿的沟通渠道与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方式，尤其是在现场调研、意愿征询、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成果交流和形成决策等重要环节，积极</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">采用多元参与模式。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划应注意优势互补，积极</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">推动多学科合作</span></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划视域的乡村规划并不是“万<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能药”，需要与社会治理等其他学科视</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域的乡村规划展开合作，达到优势互补：</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一是“委托代理”关系的路径。从梳理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村社会自治的社会历史成因和基本法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">律精神入手，尊重和强化村级自治组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的主体性地位，强调乡村规划向村民服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务和负责，将乡村规划内置于地方治权。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">二是延续城乡规划编制体系向农村地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">延伸的路径。将城乡规划视作地方一级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">政府对辖域进行城乡统筹考虑时所采取的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">技术性手段和管治工具，并在村镇体系规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">划和村庄总体规划方面进行深化。也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">有学者认为应采用新的规划类型，如城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乡统筹规划、城乡总体规划和土地分区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规划等，实现技术体系在辖域内的一贯</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性和完整性。三是将乡村规划作为协调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">多个政策性项目的平台，引导其拆解为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">多个可以落地的建设工程。关于第一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">条路径的合理性、可行性和必要性显然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">讨论得较少。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）乡村规划应有正确的价值取向</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(34, 127, 56);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，乡村规划要明确以“服务谁”<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为重。在村民、村民委员会和基层政府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">三者之间，乡村规划应更多考虑村民诉</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">求，关注乡村自治特征、村民间的差异化、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不断变化的利益诉求和复杂的土地权属</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等问题；积极发挥价值引导者的角色，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尤其在规划建议与村民、村民委员会和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基层政府意见相左时，要做到凝聚力量、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">排除异议，形成共同的行动纲领。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，在促进“农业、农村、农民”<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展时既要有所作为，又要实事求是。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农业发展了才能够改善农民的经济处境，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村才能发展成为宜居、宜业之地，乡</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">土文明才能得以延续；同时，应避免在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制定乡村规划时一味强调对乡村空间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“消费”，而忽视农村地区社会经济的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全面振兴。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，乡村问题的另一面是城市问<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">题，它们是“一枚硬币的两个面”。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(23, 87, 45);border-bottom: 8px ridge rgb(237, 163, 100);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding: 8px 10px;border-left-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(238, 238, 238);padding: 0px 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五 结语</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);float: left;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -2px;border-right-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管城乡规划视域下的乡村规划在<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">价值观、编制体系和解决问题的方法路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径方面对形成良好有序的城乡关系具有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">正面影响作用，但是其依然存在体系方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面的知识短板。对此的反思有积极意义。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 乡村规划促使土地制度议题在城<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡规划领域受到广泛的重视，重功能使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用，轻土地权属的情况得到扭转。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 乡村规划与城乡治理模式关系的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">讨论逐步成为核心议题。编制乡村规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并对其实施进行管理和引导，是依赖于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划行政管理权还是自治组织，取决于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村社会的治理模式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 城市地区的农民工问题与农村地<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的产业衰落问题，既互为因果，又融</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为一体。乡村振兴之路或许不仅在于农</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">村，还在于城市。城乡之间需要更好、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更公平的就业环境、资源交换去化解空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间生产过程中资本积累与社会需求之间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的不平衡、不充分。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划学术和实践群体介入乡村</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地区，是对农村问题的研究和实质性解</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">决，同样也是对城市问题的认识和解决。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城乡差异的存在，需要学界不断积极弥</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">补、凝练和传授所缺知识，改变忽视制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度性因素的状况，发挥乡村规划对于我</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国当代城乡关系的作用与意义。</span></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;margin-top: -2px;float: right;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -2px;margin-bottom: 2px;border-right-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ib3QSHnhC6GCOvaA8zR0iaM6kSlZ5EvgltibGBxmCtwyklTA7jTHBNTbejjJIOkCNRcy3h0pj1mRwydNb0Jk9MXgw/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年16期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》杂志2019年16期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>当前乡村规划问题反思与策略——以乡村规划设计竞赛为剖析对象<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-right: 1px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 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0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXF2n9Uq8YvchvEwBDDv0PTnav99cXiaz5c9kBZaLBCKiaam5ZW5RwVJzA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;text-align: left;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 8px;border-radius: 8px;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可看原文）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;padding-left: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(27, 117, 16);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】改革开放以来中国城市规划理论国际化历程研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】“世界化”视角下中国城市空间生产的理论价值与实践经验<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】中国开发区规划技术标准的国际化拓展和应用研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】新中国成立以来江苏城镇化和城乡规划的回顾与展望</p></section></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-left: -0.45em;border-top: 1em solid rgb(27, 117, 16);border-left: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/x8zCial4GgYzibHZTZnUWFDGOwlt6ME8ZWPHBNpkVAJn31txnyiackW3a5SkYxMWGed2Ta74X1ItlqUtcHq9XKc7w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" 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border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" 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border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mglQJsquQwSLHgJS8XtbwrXia48dhFT4TO452GYIJFN9Uiav3BgSrCvpS6j4gZB8Z4EpEibbicibqMIfQA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section>
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