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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;padding-top: 1.3em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: -16px;margin-left: 30%;margin-right: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-left: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);border-top: 2px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 22px;height: 22px;margin: 2px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 16px;margin: 1px auto auto;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;margin: 1px auto auto;border-left: 12px solid rgb(227, 163, 43);border-bottom: 12px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方“”可订阅哦！</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;padding: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: white;box-shadow: rgb(225, 225, 225) 7.8px 7.8px 3px;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司长三角分公司王佳，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授、博士生导师杨贵庆<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2019年第16期撰文，</span>文章以德国魏玛城市文化设施为研究对象，提炼了魏玛各类城市文化设施的分布特征，并深入分析它们与城市空间结构的关系。研究指出，魏玛城市文化设施类型丰富，数量众多，文化设施布局与城市空间良好互动，形成了集聚的文化核心、多元的文化片区、丰富多样的文化节点、高认知度的文化地标、连续可达的体验路径和良好的文化生态环境，从而赋予了城市公共空间文化的特质，凸显了城市的文化内涵，并为魏玛城市最终被遴选为“欧洲文化之都”提供了城市空间结构上的重要支撑。魏玛的经验可为我国城市更新和城市设计提供良好的借鉴。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 5px solid rgb(42, 118, 162);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(254, 183, 182);padding: 5px 0px;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 城市空间结构；文化设施 ；风貌特色；德国魏玛</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)16-0089-06　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]王佳，杨贵庆．城市空间结构如何支持魏玛成为“欧洲文化之都”——基于城市文化设施布局的视角[J]．规划师，2019(16)：89-94．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/nyHicEu7V8icP9icDO2KlCqgtzDnC4RVH9mYY5PZ9gLofpz4Xpl2MptGibSEqbhm8a2TulNxcQib4ADgDcaqvoCxEUQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(61, 60, 69);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;margin-top: -0.68em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);max-width: 5% !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 30, 41);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 19px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 5px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市空间结构整体特征与城市性质的关系</p></section></section></section><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“欧洲文化之都”的文化底蕴</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛是位于德国中部图灵根州的一座小城市，紧邻图林根州的首府埃尔福特以及著名的大学城耶拿(图1)，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2013 年市域人口约为65500。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.327907" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IHR5Jx6tABuhv5dcxbu38K5Uy7fuSUfMicPR7bm5MbQrxWhjqDa2hIUQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛是一座具有厚重文化底蕴的城<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市，经历过辉煌的经典魏玛时代及银色</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛时代，涌现了歌德、席勒、格鲁皮</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乌斯和尼采等众多历史名人，出现了德</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国第一个共和国“魏玛共和国”，还诞</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生了举世闻名的包豪斯学派。在城市文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化设施方面，拥有歌德故居、老市政厅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和海德教堂等，其中部分文化设施被列</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">入了世界文化遗产名录。同时，魏玛拥</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有若干影响力较大的节庆活动。例如，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有着250多年历史的洋葱节，是图林根</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">州最大的民间庆祝活动，每年10 月开市，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">节日期间会举办多项文化活动和艺术表</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">演；每年6 月举办的为期一天的“博物</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">馆之夜”，此时魏玛的所有博物馆将免</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">费开放；李斯特音乐学院举行的夏季音</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乐节、戏剧之夜，以及包豪斯大学举办</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的艺术展、花卉展和葡萄酒节等。这些</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化活动每年吸引超过两百万来自世界</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各地的游客，来体验这座“欧洲文化之都”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的文化气息，使得这座德国小城市在欧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">洲乃至国际上都具有重要的影响力。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间结构的整体特征</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市空间结构整体呈现“一心、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一轴、三片、四廊、多点”的特征(图2)。“一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心”，即一个文化核心，位于魏玛的古</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城区，是魏玛古典主义文化的发祥地和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">聚集地，也是文化设施最为密集的区域。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“一轴”，即一条文化主轴，是魏玛最</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主要的一条步行空间轴线，串联着众多</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市广场和著名的文化设施。“三区”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">即三个文化片区，包括“集权主义”文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化片区(空间上对应于火车站片区)、校</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">园文化片区(空间上对应于包豪斯大学</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区)和现代景观文化片区(空间上对应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于新城市片区)。“四廊”，即四个文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿廊，包括魏玛市政厅公园、魏玛纪念</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公墓、南伊姆公园和北伊姆公园，每个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化绿廊内或者周边均布置有文化设施。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“多点”，即多个文化节点，如分布在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛市内的各类广场，并且广场周边均</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设置有不同规模和内容的文化设施。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.186" data-w="500" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IGuhxkUSSRvOEP70hq1D7icTTg8ib7drDu3kqNHibicClt4rzyicSx6jZ6ug/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间结构与城市性质的关系</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛文化设施的布局与城市空间结<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">构的良好互动，为其成为“欧洲文化之都”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提供了强有力的支撑。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 文化核心( 古城区)：文化之都的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“心脏”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">古城区是魏玛市民的生活中心，也<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是游客来访的服务中心，是文化之都的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“心脏”，集休闲、集会和购物等功能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于一体。这里聚集着众多的文化设施，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如歌德故居、宫廷城堡以及歌德和席勒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的雕塑等，使古城区充满古典主义气息，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">吸引着来自世界各地的游客。古城区充</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满中世纪欧洲城市的空间特色，反映了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市历史的积淀，成为市民和游客</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心中独特的历史城市意象。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)文化主轴　：文化之都的“主心骨”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化主轴串联魏玛众多文化片区，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是文化之都的“主心骨”。主轴从火车</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站(“集权主义”文化片区)出发，穿过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">古城区(古典主义文化片区)，到达包豪</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">斯大学( 校园文化片区) 所在的阿玛丽恩</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大街，最后到达魏玛公墓(现代景观文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">片区) 所在的考斯恩大街。这条轴线是游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">客开展魏玛之旅的主要游览路线，周边</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">聚集了很多文化设施。文化主轴与城区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的格拉本街、席勒大街、施塔本大街和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">格鲁皮乌斯大街等道路，共同构成了魏</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">玛的道路骨架。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 文化片区：文化之都的“血肉”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化片区是魏玛深厚历史与多元文<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化的承载体，是文化之都的“血肉”。魏</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">玛之所以能够被评为“欧洲文化之都”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中很重要的一个原因就是其文化的多元性，还有魏玛对文化、历史尊重包容的态度，无论是光辉的还是不光彩(德国纳粹时期)的文化历史，在这里都得到了忠实的记录。此外，该片区还拥有以包豪斯大学和李斯特音乐学院为主体的校园文化以及以现代艺术展览为主的现代景观文化。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)文化绿廊：文化之都的“绿肺”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化绿廊是魏玛城市发展的生态基底，也是文化之都的“绿肺”。丹麦童话作家安徒生曾经这样形容过魏玛—“魏玛不是一座有公园的城市，而是一座有城市的公园”。在魏玛，大大小小的带状公园像绿契一样穿插在城市之间，串联并见证了魏玛的历史变迁和文化传承，在这里城市生活与大自然得到了良好的结合。这些带状公园为人们提供了休憩及活动场所，保障了城市居住的舒适度，而且还成为文化都市的生态基底，赋予了魏玛独特的魅力。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5)文化节点：文化之都的“关节”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化节点是魏玛城市空间的联接点，是文化之都的“关节”。这些节点主要包括广场空间，它们是市民活动和文化事件的“发生器”。市民的很多日常活动都在广场上进行，根据不同的活动需求形成了不同类型的广场。例如，以休闲娱乐为主的生活性广场，包括大剧院广场、集会广场等；以集散运输为主的交通性广场，包括火车站站前广场、雅各布斯广场等；纪念性的广场，包括魏玛广场、海德教堂前广场等。这些广场不论大小、不论主次，都布局有文化设施，各种节日庆典和文化事件会结合不同的文化设施在不同的广场上举行。这些灵活多样的城市“关节”，使文化之都更加活泼生动。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/nyHicEu7V8icP9icDO2KlCqgtzDnC4RVH9mYY5PZ9gLofpz4Xpl2MptGibSEqbhm8a2TulNxcQib4ADgDcaqvoCxEUQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(61, 60, 69);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;margin-top: -0.68em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);max-width: 5% !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 30, 41);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 19px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-top: 0.4em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 5px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市文化设施在城市空间结构中的主导地位</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市文化设施类型分析</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文的城市文化设施，指的是城市中所有的文化实体，不仅包括常规的文化设施，如展览馆、博物馆和名人故居等，还包括对魏玛城市文化有重要影响的设施，如纪念性的公园、宫殿、教堂及校园建筑等。本文将魏玛的文化设施按照不同的功能属性总结为5大类、12小类(表1)。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6094118" data-w="850" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IouVm9RKWtcXrN83nRNHQ6ibX5p1qMhiabD4OXicX3bRMurnZZA7lI1zWg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市文化设施的用地比例分析</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城区的用地面积为689.76hm2，其中文化设施的用地面积为50.54hm2。笔者将魏玛文化设施用地的相关数据与我国城市文化设施用地的相关标准进行对比(表2)，发现魏玛在文化设施的用地比例方面拥有明显优势：①文化设施用地比例较高。魏玛城区的文化设施用地占魏玛城区建设用地的7.33%，超过我国的标准(0.8%～1%)。②人均标准比例较高。魏玛的人均文化设施用地面积是以魏玛整个市域范围的人口数量和文化设施总用地面积的数据为基础进行计算的。魏玛的人均文化设施用地面积为21.2m2，而我国的人均文化设施用地标准为0.8～1.1m2。在其他单项的文化设施指标方面，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如影剧院、图书馆等的人均用地标准，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛也远远高于我国。可以说，高标准</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的文化设施用地构成，是魏玛成为“欧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">洲文化之都”的重要原因之一。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6897375" data-w="838" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IopMMzHYsOVATYiabRhsPMajvWFGtYbumica2CaiccSTu1HjsQRXDoCRXA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，研究对魏玛城区各类公共服<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务设施的用地面积进行了统计，发现文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化设施的用地面积约占城区所有公共服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务设施用地面积的46%( 图3)，即魏玛城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区将近一半的公共服务设施用地为文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施用地。由此可见，魏玛在文化设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用地比例方面拥有显著的优势。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.7011494" data-w="348" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3ImbH17M5Q2yu6fYIYZAgs1lGaPy9BZPXYib9f3bevXQDbYdKcyjzsNnA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市文化设施的总体布局分析</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市文化设施的总体布局具有<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以下特点。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 文化设施分布集中紧凑，集聚为<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化核心。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛的城市空间是紧凑密集型的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(图4)。一方面是城市本身比较小，城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市规模没有很大的扩张；另一方面古城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">被保护得非常好，近100年来，魏玛的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间格局变化不大，一直以古城为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核心进行发展。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1647059" data-w="425" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3ISicOg4cicwH9FOcQPoaBe9UG7dYExoKuiaGnkib0UL2YL09In7kvUeEQmQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究以古城中心的海德教堂为中心<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点，按200m的圈层半径来统计文化设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施增加的数量，可以发现，文化设施增加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的数量随着统计半径的增大总体呈现递减</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的趋势(图5)。在城区中心200m的步</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行范围内，已经布局了众多的文化设施；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">600m的圈层半径范围内的文化设施最为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">集中，该圈层囊括了城区近70% 的文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施；1000m的圈层半径范围，基本覆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盖了魏玛城区绝大多数的文化设施(图6)。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化设施在城区集中布局，形成了魏玛的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化核心。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4380952" data-w="840" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3ILcVcPFwraH6YHdpTqlY8VtYzjz7mqsXDlYdtZk9Z2S3W8b1rGa8icFw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1698565" data-w="418" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IbsFhH2WfrBTu5FMLKeFCibRiboQtzxGyb7tFgYukUKYY3icaxv4gjBuXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 文化设施种类多元丰富，形成不<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同类型的文化片区。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在魏玛这个文化底蕴深厚的城市，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同的文化设施体现了不同的城市文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特色。随着历史的积累，这些文化设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">逐渐表现出一定的特征，形成了不同主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">题的文化片区，展现了魏玛城市文化的丰富性和多元性。在不同的文化片区内，文化设施的布局形式也不同。在古典主义文化片区，文化设施随着曲折变幻的道路融入城市的自然肌理中；在“集权主义”文化片区，文化设施随着轴向型道路呈现对称式的布局；在校园文化片区，文化设施主要围绕校园广场布置；在现代景观文化片区，文化设施主要结合公园绿化布局。多样的布局体现了文化设施在塑造城市街区形象、诠释城市文化内涵方面所起的重要作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)道路连续可达，以文化设施串联文化路径。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛城市文化设施的布局与道路有着紧密联系。魏玛的道路相互贯通，且路网密度较高，文化设施沿道路布局呈现线形连续(图7)。由于步行系统的串联，文化设施之间的联系度和步行可达性较高，游客在步行范围内即可享受良好的文化体验。文化设施本身也形成了独特的建筑标识系统，有助于人们掌握文化设施所在的方位。同时，魏玛良好的道路环境和清晰完善的标识系统也为其道路系统增添了更多的特色，与文化设施共同促进了城市文化路径的形成。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1300236" data-w="423" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IyTJ61OJHjGp1Q6IZzYgt5FOMgibdiaXxsYzjRia0vhyUa8xRSLsPV5B8A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)生态开放，在城市契入文化绿廊。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开放的公园绿地为魏玛提供了良好的生态环境，而文化设施与公园绿地的良好空间关系，也为生态绿地注入了文化的气息，形成了文化绿廊，契入魏玛的城市空间之中(图8)。公园绿地和文化设施不但较为明确地限定了空间，而且自身也塑造了可进入的特色空间环境。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1583924" data-w="423" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IJF0FWE4HpnRLRlJlFzNHu0GWhRiaRyX25dHU2CqKe0ZXl5zUBa1CHBw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化设施与公园绿地结合，形成不同的布局模式(图9)：①布局在公园的核心轴线上。例如，在魏玛历史公墓公园中，俄罗斯教堂及王侯墓宫被布置在公园的核心，游客可通过一条步行轴线到达。②沿散步道散落布置。例如，伊姆公园沿着不同的散步小道布置了歌德花园屋、罗马屋及许多雕像，游客在散<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步的过程中时常会遇到一些文化设施或者雕像。③文化设施成为公园的主体建筑，并占据公园的绝大部分空间。例如，布痕瓦德公园是以魏玛集中营这样的黑色纪念型文化设施为主体建筑，围绕其布局而成的公园。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2673861" data-w="834" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IkXNM2ZIe3Lg2uV4QbjslmdL8BbB7dJkRHEf4SznOz1YpohbfS3PL8g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5)以文化设施主导广场空间，推动文化节点的形成。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛拥有丰富多样的广场空间，大大小小的广场随着多变的城市肌理展现出多种多样的空间形态，没有哪处广场是相同的。这些广场中都布局了文化设施，而且文化设施在广场空间中占有主导地位，具体表现为：文化设施成为广场的一个围合界面，是广场中的主体建筑；在广场的两边甚至多边布置文化设施(图10，图11)，使得广场的围合性更强，能更好地凸显广场的文化特征。这些文化设施并不是单独存在的，而是与广场上人的活动有着互动关系的，良好的互动增强了广场的特色，推动了魏玛文化节点的形成。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6497642" data-w="848" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IMZFnWiaMWoxg0I1ETsCL06N0U6eGibpHfCYmjEbia4y7GSiaFokyewG9bA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5849282" data-w="836" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IlXFJmKA9C2QDd6UYVzAs3kWpNOPkJf6rHkn3OXUETpV09sUicJHH0jQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(6)文化设施位于城市空间的结构性节点，成为文化地标。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在对魏玛核心区的地标建筑进行分析时，笔者对魏玛居民和游客进行了随<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机访谈。统计访谈数据发现，居民和游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">客都提到的魏玛城区地标建筑主要有15</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个，其中文化设施有13个，这说明魏玛</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大多数地标建筑都是文化设施。在地标</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑的认知度方面，居民和游客对文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施的认知度都比较高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些地标性文化设施多位于城市空<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的重要结构性节点上，具体有以下三</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种布局方式：①布局在道路连接点，如</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">圣耶稣教堂处于三条道路的连接处；魏</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">玛检察厅处于道路交叉口，位于奥都斯</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">陆大街的尽端。②布局在独立空间内的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">醒目位置，如魏玛历史公墓公园中的俄</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">罗斯教堂、魏玛文化火车站等。由于这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">些文化设施周边的空间较为开阔，文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施位置醒目，所以其作为地标的独特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地位也更加突出。③布局在与周边建筑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有显著性差异的环境中，如雅各布斯教</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">堂、老市政厅和国家大剧院。这些文化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施都处在建筑密度相对较高的区域，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由于本身的形态特色与周边的建筑形成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">显著对比，其标志性更加突出( 图12)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1234568" data-w="567" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhJlyufzxQQy0yuJSy4sG3IRnY52I1Qt2WJO7iczXwp7z4EUlwQad4gvic5dgIT8iaUg0BLJXJwTWaaA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/nyHicEu7V8icP9icDO2KlCqgtzDnC4RVH9mYY5PZ9gLofpz4Xpl2MptGibSEqbhm8a2TulNxcQib4ADgDcaqvoCxEUQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;background-attachment: scroll;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 6px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VB7LuN3ib6arlNKCrOian44HtmvcK5r5H1wSMHcDPINsKwibPEEmQic8nwspWJQBdQ4SeTInUcV5jJVOOVh1D2mjaQ/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 5px;border-style: none none solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 6px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(216, 98, 34);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 6px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;padding: 5px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(252, 242, 241);padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三  结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 10px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(247, 239, 226, 0.5);margin-bottom: -2.5em;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">魏玛类型丰富、数量众多的文化设施与城市空间结构的塑造紧密结合，像根系和脉络一样植入其城市空间肌理之中。主要表现为：通过城市文化设施的布局，营造紧凑的文化核心，凝聚城市的文化特色；串联连续可达的文化路径，丰富城市的文化体验；形成多元的文化片区，展现城市丰富多彩的文化；在城市契入文化绿廊，营造良好的文化环境、生态环境，维护城市的文化基底；塑造丰富多样的文化节点，激发城市的文化活力；塑造高识别度的文化地标，提高<span style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的文化认知度。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前我国城镇化快速发展，在城市更新的规划设计过程中，如何融合历史遗存和现代城市功能，如何协调历史遗迹与现代建筑，使得文化传承与特色空间的塑造相得益彰，都是值得规划师深入探讨的问题。本文对魏玛文化设施布局与城市空间结构的研究解读，可为我国城市更新、城市风貌特色的塑造和城市品质的提升等给予一定的启发。</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="float: left;text-align: start;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;max-width: 5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6875" data-w="128" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/85SzNRZWmkbLPQjHl0WkSxBDaokoD28MibLEYoaOKHf4Kqq9RJe5tHTGmNDJ6RllwcIyjesIyJ0w4HR1PZcHJxQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section><section style="float: right;text-align: start;padding-right: 10px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;max-width: 5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6875" data-w="128" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/85SzNRZWmkbLPQjHl0WkSxBDaokoD28MrdZBTABnuTZTqzotyPX5yr2icDqNvk3jJatAH0ufdibkUVkibSRfQJbWA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/nyHicEu7V8icP9icDO2KlCqgtzDnC4RVH9mYY5PZ9gLofpz4Xpl2MptGibSEqbhm8a2TulNxcQib4ADgDcaqvoCxEUQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rX4T9a69hvQzib9lRB1yafkfT87Abvicy6T4yY2GYGic7HP8sQsZcwkgYFibBwWbiapheOuECSWJNllHtgicdVRB8szA/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年16期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 163, 43);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(118, 108, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年16期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>城市空间结构如何支持魏玛成为“欧洲文化之都”——基于城市文化设施布局的视角<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(118, 108, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section 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0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: 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