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<section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="94301" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 20px auto;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 10px 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/7QRTvkK2qC4qIEXd36lbr0xibOAFiaicRsrIRib2fRIrHjXiad0wpbIDaY6m7CXXetZXaiakoCe5j6O8Q0UTR9CUuypA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center center;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;color: rgb(47, 136, 169);font-size: 20px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">嘉宾简介</p></section><section data-width="50%" style="margin-top: -10px;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;width: 99.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.1658291457286432" data-type="png" data-w="199" data-width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/7QRTvkK2qC4qIEXd36lbr0xibOAFiaicRsrKzAQORVKiczuVYc43ibdox0J0BW6Yk2wciaS4MlZhkIWP0cgoQkUgCWdA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 99.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="94059" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="padding-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 677px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;width: 677px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;width: 667px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 1em;max-width: 100%;width: 10px;height: 7em;background: rgb(211, 249, 250);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;width: 657.141px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-type="jpeg" data-width="100%" title="3摩西·盖茨.JPG" data-ratio="0.6657407407407407" data-w="1080" data-backw="554" data-backh="369" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ia28AQ9annUv5ljrHkpoRUHvZ1oSKz5iaKibShVdlRNhiasbuibCAAPiaOBCxqw6UrT12m0PH7U4jRP5ULyY77iaawg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ia28AQ9annUv5ljrHkpoRUHvZ1oSKz5iaKibShVdlRNhiasbuibCAAPiaOBCxqw6UrT12m0PH7U4jRP5ULyY77iaawg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="display: block;width: 657.141px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 10px;height: 8em;border-top: 1px solid rgb(211, 211, 211);border-right: 1px solid rgb(211, 211, 211);border-left: 1px solid rgb(211, 211, 211);border-bottom: none;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section data-width="70%" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 473.891px;height: 10px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(211, 211, 211);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(211, 211, 211);border-left: 1px solid rgb(211, 211, 211);border-top: none;float: right;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="85536" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: rgb(117, 117, 118);clear: both;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;color: inherit;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);border-width: 0px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(117, 117, 118);color: inherit;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 8px 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(117, 117, 118);color: inherit;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 117, 118);border-color: rgb(117, 117, 118);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">摩西<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Wingdings;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">·</span></span>盖茨 Moses Gates</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 117, 118);border-color: rgb(117, 117, 118);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;color: inherit;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约区域规划协会（RPA）住房与社区规划副总裁</span><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="96203" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="10%" style="margin-left: 541.594px;max-width: 100%;width: 67.6875px;height: 6px;background: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-top: -3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 176, 240);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-autoskip="1" class="" style="padding: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;color: rgb(63, 62, 63);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">摩西?盖茨先生现任RPA住房与社区规划副总裁，统筹机构在经济适用房、经济发展和城市设计等方面的规划、研究和管理工作。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在入职RPA之前，盖茨先生曾任社区及住房发展协会的规划与社区发展主任，负责领导该协会的住宅开发政策和规划工作，并发起纽约市第一个社区发展奖学金计划。自2016年加入RPA以来，盖茨先生主导了RPA在《第四次区域计划》中提出的有关负担能力、经济发展和宜居社区的建议，并撰写住房政策和社区规划的相关报告。盖茨先生还以非营利性经济适用房开发商和纽约市持证导游身份任职于纽约市住房保护与发展部。现任普拉特学院客座助理教授，同时担任纽约市社区房屋服务公司董事会成员。持有亨特学院城市规划硕士学位及威斯康星大学历史学士学位，著有《都市秘谈》一书。</p></section></section><section data-width="10%" style="margin-top: -4px;margin-left: 203.094px;max-width: 100%;width: 67.6875px;height: 6px;background: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-width="10%" style="margin-top: -5px;margin-left: 67.6875px;max-width: 100%;width: 67.6875px;height: 6px;background: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-backh="323" data-backw="574" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJjQ2cYx5AGyOazMUkwqGkCr4SQzqribgam8ZA0TibsyKZcxzXYVnPnicJQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" title="PPT cover.jpg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="960" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJjQ2cYx5AGyOazMUkwqGkCr4SQzqribgam8ZA0TibsyKZcxzXYVnPnicJQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="45865" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;line-height: 32px;font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;float: left;min-width: 32px;height: 32px;vertical-align: top;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: table;width: 44px;color: inherit;border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;color: rgb(254, 254, 254);border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(198, 198, 199);font-size: 50px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 18px;height: 70px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199);background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(35deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 40px;padding-top: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(115, 115, 115);border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 纽约大都市圈概况</span></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈跨越美国3个州，区域内包含17个都市规划组织、31个郡县、783个行政单位、703个学区、175个房屋管理机构、459个消防区、36个污水管理区，以及157个商业提升区。同时该区域内还拥有2000多个政府管理机构，平均每5.4平方英里就有1个。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-backh="431" data-backw="574" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJNtkictr1y794GyaoIw9DVuhY8qw9Rot7gV6QJDDGyrR3W0QnKibDLjVA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.75" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJNtkictr1y794GyaoIw9DVuhY8qw9Rot7gV6QJDDGyrR3W0QnKibDLjVA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈内各机构分布范围</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由于单个地方政府无法对这么多区域进行管治，而国家政府也没有全力投入该区域的规划和建设中去，因此亟需一个区域性的自治机构来进行管理。在此背景下，区域规划协会（Regional Planning Association，RPA）于1922年成立。该协会并不由国家或州政府领导，而是一个完全独立、具有自治性的非营利组织。RPA承担了纽约大都市圈的区域规划编制工作，但同时也需要与不同主体进行协作和协商，从而确保规划的真正落实。</span></p></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="45865" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;line-height: 32px;font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;float: left;min-width: 32px;height: 32px;vertical-align: top;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: table;width: 44px;color: inherit;border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;color: rgb(254, 254, 254);border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" data-num="2" style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(198, 198, 199);font-size: 50px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 18px;height: 70px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199);background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(35deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 40px;padding-top: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(115, 115, 115);border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈区域规划</span></span></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）第一轮区域规划（1929年）</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈第一轮区域规划的主要内容包括区域快速路、机场、公共空间，以及港口规划。这些规划使得区域内的公园绿地空间扩大为原来的2倍，货物运输行业也迎来了全速发展的新时期。同时，RPA还指导各地方政府成立了规划委员会，为地方政府提供发展决策上的建议，如今这些规划委员会是区域内各城市确定土地利用及规划预算的重要一环。</p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-backh="676" data-backw="574" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJehosJ9Y4ZuwsWDnvZ6W9QcShxpTB1EGy3MTOPsYj8IUGrO5KLKibrCw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJJCTnvsSpHz2ocUbbnsHLrzEc05bSBGiaynaeHDLicicSL6o7S8BbQRP6w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="516" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="608.5923344947736" data-ratio="1.178294573643411" data-type="jpeg" data-w="516" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJehosJ9Y4ZuwsWDnvZ6W9QcShxpTB1EGy3MTOPsYj8IUGrO5KLKibrCw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈区域快速路网规划（1929年）</span></strong></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）第二轮区域规划（1968年）</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1968年，纽约大都市圈第二轮区域规划出台。这版规划有了更多地铁、人行和公共交通方面的考虑。比如，规划提出要重新恢复纽约的地铁系统，提出建设时代广场（Times Square）、麦迪逊广场（Madison Square）、联合广场（Union Square）等基于人行的公共空间，同时也提出将公共交通与城市开发结合建设等。该版规划的重点在于打造多个区域中心、建设门户级别的国家公园区，并对哈迪逊河的下游地区进行规划改造，使得该区域拥有更便捷的公共交通、更具吸引力的滨水空间，以及更丰富的土地利用方式。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-backh="762" data-backw="574" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJtWC5lrqXgP8Nurty5heqsprfwSiaAYyzJkl7b5HnmNt4sBwgu2IgWRw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.3266932270916334" data-w="502" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJtWC5lrqXgP8Nurty5heqsprfwSiaAYyzJkl7b5HnmNt4sBwgu2IgWRw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈区域中心规划（</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1968</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年）</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）第三轮区域规划（1996年）</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约在经济和城市发展方面遇到了一系列压力，因此1996年第三轮区域规划更关注经济、环境、公平这3个方面。该版规划致力于建造更多的交通设施，包括公共交通以及服务区域甚至全国的高速铁路。在自然资源保护方面，该规划基于国家及地方法案提出了百万英亩的保护用地，作为城市居民的饮用水源。</p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）第四轮区域规划（2017年）</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从1970年至2010年，纽约大都市圈的人口增长了12%，同时城镇化地区扩展了28%。人们的通勤距离变得更长。据统计，在过去25年间，区域内的车辆行驶里程增加了52%；在过去20年间，该区域内人口增长了230万，增加了超过150万的工作机会。各地犯罪率显著下降，人均期望寿命的增长率也显著高于美国平均水平，但区域发展不平衡的问题也随之出现。由于增加的工作大都在纽约市中心且为低收入，不足以支撑这些工作者在附近购买住房，因此多数人选择在新泽西生活，再花很长时间通勤到纽约市中心工作，而连接纽约和新泽西的一条铁路线已有170年的历史，经常出现故障。所以尽管区域经济发展越来越好，但人们实际获利却越来越少。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在此背景下，纽约大都市圈第四轮区域规划于2014年开始编制，并于2017年正式出台。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-backh="323" data-backw="574" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJgBt4ox3M2vIb9NYEEVw1X7iaETm3vFqrWK3bibwHsVOWVqWjF8Lm1g5g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="960" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ia28AQ9anlCicTqIQISGbujMzh1UFnEJgBt4ox3M2vIb9NYEEVw1X7iaETm3vFqrWK3bibwHsVOWVqWjF8Lm1g5g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈第四轮区域规划（</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2017</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: gray;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年）</span></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="45865" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.8em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;line-height: 32px;font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;float: left;min-width: 32px;height: 32px;vertical-align: top;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: table;width: 44px;color: inherit;border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;color: rgb(254, 254, 254);border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" data-num="3" style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(198, 198, 199);font-size: 50px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 18px;height: 70px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199);background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);transform: rotate(35deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: 40px;padding-top: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(115, 115, 115);border-color: rgb(72, 192, 163);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">规划原则及挑战</span></span></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">纽约大都市圈第四轮区域规划的重点在于提倡各方参与的包容性规划，综合考虑市民、政府、商业及各委员会的诉求，在各主体之间扮演沟通的桥梁。同时提出了“公平、健康、繁荣、可持续”的发展导向，并进一步分解为4个具体目标。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）完善规划制度</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">面对该区域遇到的问题和挑战，以往通常采取创可贴式的修复方案。这些碎片化、破碎性的方案导致了拥挤的交通系统和低效的基础设施建设。由此，本轮规划希望能更好地与政府部门进行协调，促使他们优先考虑基础设施建设并给予融资。此外，碎片化的管理方式也使得城市无法有效利用土地、难以解决气候变化带来的问题。在地理方面，纽约受气候变化的影响非常大，一些贫瘠的岛屿需要进一步开发，同时有14个政府部门应当对该区域的水和土地负责，而且不同主体的处理方式有所区别。这些都需要在规划中进行协调。</p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）应对气候变化的挑战</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们不知道未来的海平面将持续上升多少，所以规划要根据海平面的上升速度而变化。一方面要控制海平面的上升，另一方面要增加一些公园、便民措施，以更好地应对这个问题。与此同时，还要重新改建和修缮老旧设施。比如莱格斯岛原来是监狱，规划认为可以将这个地区进行转换，于是引入更多便利设施、基础设施、电厂、公园、房屋等。</p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）建立一个动态的、以乘客为导向的交通系统</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">交通不仅仅是增加便利性，也要为行人增加更多通行道路。我们需要重新建立交通网络、修缮机场，更好地规划通勤网络，同时重新考虑街道的规划和设计。到2040年，我们规划80%的街道空间都应当更好地为行人、骑行者以及公共交通的乘客提供更舒适的空间。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="89204" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 18px;height: 40px;line-height: 40px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）为区域内居民提供可支付性住房</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 50px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(187, 208, 67);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为了更好地解决工作、居住问题，规划提出要提供更多的住房。采取的措施有提高居住密度及土地利用效率，或者转换土地用途。同时，要保证居民有地可住，不会流离失所。如今，区域内超过一半的住户在房产上的投资高于他们收入的35%，如果我们无法提供更多的可支付性住房，纽约大都市区将很难保持其世界最强区域经济的地位。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目前，该规划中的部分政策和项目已分阶段开展实施，尤其是交通设施的建设。相信未来纽约大都市圈将会得到更好的发展。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93352" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(51, 141, 175);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;width: 30px;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="2.25" data-w="44" data-width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/7QRTvkK2qC7WOvqJzrYxANSsSsXWREZcX8xsk6blib6nSXhChuF3rafAmCsJjZ1sm8TmaFPN6rXRONu40iaqIvLw/640?" style="display: block;width: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">—<span class="" data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">END</span>—</section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文根据2019年10月31日“2019世界城市日-上海论坛”主题报告整理而成，未经报告人审阅。文中所有图片摘自报告人所提供的PPT。“2019世界城市日-上海论坛”由上海市规划和自然资源局、上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会主办；上海市城市规划设计研究院承办。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei 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