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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.064" data-w="625" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icnAThzibSqbNia675muBnbUUZQooXxsz4MUfH5qlTywg3KBRyCntJ3gK8VpeanIWayPgiasokpfwj9blxSbuYf32g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 237, 236);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(206, 175, 151, 0.84);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#987e66;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘要</strong></span></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgba(206, 175, 151, 0.26);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(152, 126, 102);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为首都和超大城市，北京面临一系列大城市病，并处于城市转型的重要阶段。在这一背景下，2015年国家提出了通过非首都功能疏解来解决北京城市病并带动京津冀协同发展。通过研究，目前疏解空间可以分为一般制造业、专业市场等六类，主要分布在半建成区和绿化隔离地区，在北京总规用地规模、建筑规模双控的背景下，是极为珍贵的空间资源。本文以北京非首都功能疏解后空间为研究对象，提出了疏解空间自上而下功能引导和自下而上空间适配的再利用策略，同时以目前的实践为例，总结疏解空间再利用的五种实施模式及实施过程中面临的规划衔接和政策缺位问题，并结合北京目前的规划体系和政策基础，提出解决方案。</p></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#987e66;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词</strong></span></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgba(206, 175, 151, 0.26);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(152, 126, 102);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非首都功能 疏解 再利用 实施模式</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;margin-left: auto;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-moz-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-o-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-right-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 19px;margin-top: -1px;margin-bottom: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</section></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left top 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: left top 0px;-moz-transform-origin: left top 0px;-o-transform-origin: left top 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-left-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 14px;margin-left: 5px;font-size: 19px;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(101, 32, 10);font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京非首都功能疏解背景</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.1 北京面临的城市问题</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">北京作为中国的首都、超大城市，2017年人口达到2170万人，是世界人口第三多的城市和人口最多的首都。同时作为首都，经过建国70年的发展，北京集聚了行政、经济、国际交往、科研教育等多重功能，大量的政府机构、军队、金融机构、企业总部、科研院所、医疗机构集聚北京，特别是中心城区（东城、西城、朝阳、海淀、丰台、石景山城六区）内，而由于高昂的房价和中心城区内紧缺的用地，住宅开发不断向郊区转移。职住的不平衡导致大量的通勤交通，造成城市交通拥堵、空气污染等问题日益突出。2014年北京PM2.5的平均浓度为85.9微克/立方米，属轻度污染等级，并且全年空气质量达到优良等级的天数仅有167天，占全年的45%。2014年全市机动车保有量为559万辆，根据《2014北京市交通运行分析报告》北京工作日平均日交通指数为5.5，对应等级为轻度拥堵，平均拥堵时间（中度拥堵、严重拥堵）1小时55分钟，严重拥堵、中度拥堵、轻度拥堵里程占比约为40%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">探求城市病产生的原因，其中最重要的一点就是由于历史等多方面的原因，北京集中了过多的城市功能，亟需进行疏解，腾出空间，“针灸点穴”，完善城市系统。</p><p style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.2 非首都功能疏解的提出</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2.1 国家层面</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在此背景下，2015年国家发布《京津冀协同发展规划纲要》，定位北京市为全国政治中心、文化中心、国际交往中心和科技创新中心，与四个中心定位相符以及相应的支撑配套功能即为首都功能，不相符的即为非首都功能。同时，《纲要》指出推动京津冀协同发展是重大国家战略，核心是有序疏解北京非首都功能，自此疏解非首都功能在北京拉开序幕。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6361474" data-w="841" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9ve6DaWNZc3Wibp0UL57OTjnhG3bBnibFgkaVShOv9XvycgZ5hqI19Rn4w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1 首都功能和非首都功能示意图</strong></em></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2.2 北京市层面</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">落实国家要求，解决北京问题，《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》对疏解非首都功能提出了具体的要求。《总规》提出“紧紧抓住疏解非首都功能这个牛鼻子，深刻把握好“都”与“城”、“舍”与“得”、疏解与提升、“一核”与“两翼”的关系。”通过疏解促进北京城市转型和京津冀地区的协同发展，推动城市副中心和雄安新区的建设。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在北京中心城区内，不仅要关注疏解，也要考虑整治和后续的功能、产业提升问题。蔡奇书记提出“疏解整治促提升是个组合拳，疏解当头、整治在其中、促提升是目的”。疏解方面，疏控并举，在中心城区严格控增量、有序疏存量。整治方面，先立后破、立破并举。提升方面，腾笼换鸟，提升产业业态，及时织补城市空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;margin-left: auto;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-moz-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-o-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-right-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 19px;margin-top: -1px;margin-bottom: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">02</p></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left top 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: left top 0px;-moz-transform-origin: left top 0px;-o-transform-origin: left top 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-left-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 14px;margin-left: 5px;font-size: 19px;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(101, 32, 10);font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏解对象和再利用方向</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.1 疏解对象</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，北京市政府出台《关于组织开展“疏解整治促提升”专项行动（2017-2020年）的实施意见》，目前开展的疏解工作均以此为纲领。本次专项行动提出十类具体行动，其中以疏解为主，疏解后可以产生实体空间资源（用地和建筑）以供再利用的对象可以总结为六类，分别为一般性制造业、区域性专业市场和物流基地、部分公共服务功能（大型教育医疗）、市级党政机关和市属行政事业单位、地下空间。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.496124" data-w="903" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9va1IsHhngbjjhIiadjZicgdnyRYzG7KGQEyHVh2yjpKHWgCBibicZmQw9mQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2 非首都功能疏解对象</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到2017年止，六类疏解腾退空间用地面积39.7平方公里，其中拆违腾退用地约31.9平方公里、功能疏解用地7.8平方公里；涉及建筑面积约7000万平方米，其中拆违腾退建筑面积约6000万平方米，功能腾退建筑面积约1000万平方米。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间分布上，疏解腾退地上空间主要分布在绿化隔离地区和石景山、东坝、定福庄、垡头、丰台等半建成边缘集团，占总量约66%。地下空间主要分布在中心地区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="693" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vTiac4wgttzEeHb8QoLUYeZrD446plZfE0PkRyUA80ZfQysjQS4c0u4A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图3 六类疏解对象中心城区内空间分布</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.2 再利用方向</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合考虑疏解空间分布位置和自身特征，疏解空间的再利用可以分为自上而下功能引导、自下而上空间适配两个思路。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.1 自上而下功能引导</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》中明确疏解空间再利用五大利用原则，可以总结为强化首都定位和补充功能短板两类。强化首都定位即为强化政治、文化、国际交往、科技创新四大中心，包括“优先用于保障中央政务功能”、“预留重要国事活动空间”、“用于发展文化与科技创新功能”；补充功能短板从城市功能角度入手，增加城市绿地、公共空间、公服设施、交通市政设施等，改善居民生活条件，保障城市高效运营。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间分布上，核心区基于打造中央政务区的要求，再利用以保证中央政务功能为主；中心城区包括建成区和半建成区两个部分，建成区内空间宝贵，再利用以短板修补、提升城市功能为主，半建成区与城乡结合部改造、城市环境提升等工作统筹实施；长安街、中轴线特定地区以展示国家形象，提升大国首都文化自信；一道绿隔地区优先纳入城市公园建设；二道绿隔地区优先纳入郊野公园建设。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9393939" data-w="858" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vWUvyyDjO9NSRkauhibDrgsZjUEkI7O4B5XfZt21XD79kwoU8rb9grdA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图4 不同空间分布的疏解空间再利用引导</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.2 自下而上空间适配</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在明确疏解空间分布的位置以及所在街区的功能短板外，需要综合考虑疏解空间特别是建筑空间的空间特征，包括建筑结构、内部空间等。通过与自上而下引导的结合，综合推导改造利用方向。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5523466" data-w="831" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vHZlzvFe51eU5qHMCmjo963nLSzEMicb6HjNQ0xAyzq6RCqBARkZcTSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图5 疏解空间再利用逻辑</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;margin-left: auto;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-moz-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-o-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-right-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 19px;margin-top: -1px;margin-bottom: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">03</p></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left top 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: left top 0px;-moz-transform-origin: left top 0px;-o-transform-origin: left top 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-left-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 14px;margin-left: 5px;font-size: 19px;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(101, 32, 10);font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">再利用实例及模式剖析</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏解整治促提升专项行动启动以来，通过自上而下的统筹和自下而上的探索，已有一些具体的再利用实例，在产业升级、风貌环境方面取得了良好的成效，但在具体的实施过程中也面临普遍的问题。总结目前的疏解空间再利用实践，可以抽象为五种转型模式：</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.1 强化首都定位模式</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位于核心区、中轴、长安街等特定地区以强化首都功能为主导，最具代表性为天坛周边地区疏解腾退项目。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.1 疏解腾退情况</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本项目位于核心区和中轴范围内，2015年启动具体疏解腾退工作。天坛周边地区情况复杂，在疏解工作开始前，在天坛的保护区范围内有医院、工厂、简易楼等，大量历史遗留问题导致产权复杂，内坛、外坛一些区域长期被一些单位占用。整个区域破坏了天坛的完整性，同时周边居民生活条件差，既无法提升居民生活质量又影响了文化遗产天坛的保护和北京中轴线的申遗工作。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6nfhJ031mOCmoLib6oeX9GvgFTefA1ukNksQO0rSch8ibKFv4D0AxlcrRxuC6QtP5SOkfaIrxzRwjGbXhH4wKyJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1168317" data-w="505" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vMJWYiax5aNhOgiasesXiaFJECQVRN31uokhd7ltNrrSkJ0CCVnPOTZibUA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 55%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8841121" data-w="535" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9v9qVuRdB5RsSwOiaOeDY9iafXECFJbLLQ3CNOAT2dJ1T8N4hVQMqWNwKw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图6 天坛被占用区域和天坛用地规划</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整个疏解腾退工作2015年启动，由政府主导。市公园管理中心和东城区政府成立了天坛腾退工作组，专门负责腾退工作。整个疏解腾退包括了一系列小项目，包括天坛周边简易楼、天坛医院、园林机械厂等。修复后整个区域按照天坛保护规划要求，以绿地为主。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经过几年的努力，到2017年底已初见成效。简易楼拆迁完成，保障房也已建好，居民入住。整个区域建筑面积减少8800平方米，增加绿地面积25600平方米。同时次修复了广利门建筑面积248平方米，南内坛墙781米。疏解再利用后天坛更加完整，对于文物保护、环境整治有重要意义，强化了首都文化中心的定位。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.2 </strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实施经验和问题</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在天坛周边区域疏解腾退再利用过程中，有一些实施经验，也面临一些问题。本项目主体复杂，包括天坛医院、园林局、居民等，需要进行多方利益协调，同时控制成本。因此，市公园管理中心和东城区政府成立了天坛腾退工作组，专门负责腾退工作。疏解腾退安置工作进行全过程公开管理，房屋面积、补偿方式、签约情况等拆迁信息全部实时公示，标准“一量到底”，不给议价空间。同时拆迁安置落实快，使居民没有后顾之忧。</p><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.238806" data-w="469" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vX0Neicl5jiaNibxo5MJDlZayrvQXFiahLMVZqic7IsFTCNLjAU24NicYAAdg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.2 补充地区短板模式</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位于一般地区的疏解空间再利用是以补充功能短板为主导，通过分析街区的需求引导再利用的方向，华星大厦地下空间改造是一个例子。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.1 疏解腾退情况</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">华星大厦位于西城区广义街4号，权属为北京市华星精密仪器有限公司，整个大厦为办公功能。在北京进行地下室清理整治之后，华星大厦的地下室空闲了下来。因此，广安门内街道通过与权属方沟通，对大厦一层和地下空间进行了改造。整个街区内公共服务设施较为欠缺，因此采用了补充街区功能短板的模式，改造成为了文化活动中心，内部包括图书馆、小剧场、社区服务站、儿童活动场、工坊等公共服务设施，目前已完成建筑及室内设计工作。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 38%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6nfhJ031mOCmoLib6oeX9GvgFTefA1ukNksQO0rSch8ibKFv4D0AxlcrRxuC6QtP5SOkfaIrxzRwjGbXhH4wKyJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7489177" data-w="462" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vkEHrq4SbEibNgG6MkA7HQV0z3qWOhdicqgc7Ix9JFrpFZzuccz9YLCfw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 62%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4477419" data-w="775" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vyE8o21OzmYDMaKwDoLmu7OtlqlibbQaibibNzWZOpkNqpoDJccN6ZzBvg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图7 改造前后变化</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.2 实施经验和问题</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本项目最大的特点是由基层政府主导整个疏解再利用工作，相比较而言，基层政府更加熟悉地区情况，便于协调利益主体以及居民需求，同时效率高、见效快，是一种值得推广的模式，特别在北京城市管理、公共服务、社会治理权力下放街道的背景下，街道成为提升城市活力的关键点。同时，目前本项目还未开展具体的施工工作，未来会涉及规划审批、消防审查等一系列验收程序，增加了改造难度，这也是补充功能短板类普遍面临的问题。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2034261" data-w="467" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vZlMFdyWEibobWkJGDHC7ZBeEBBy7Z7K71dVlA7WTib8mjysMAhlI2Spw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.3 推进产业升级模式</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏解对象的大部分均为制造业和大型批发市场，空间为产业空间，进行产业升级，是最为经济、可行性最高的方式，这一类以动物园批发市场的疏解最具有代表性。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3.1 疏解腾退情况</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动物园批发市场用地面积5.7公顷，疏解前为北京服装批发聚集地，形成于上世纪八十年代中期, 是与大红门、雅宝路齐名的北京三大服装批发市场之一，主要由东鼎、天和白马、众合、天皓城等12家批发市场组成，总建筑面积达到33.6万平方米。整个区域流动人口聚集，日均客流量六七万人，交通条件恶劣、环境差，对居民生活影响很大。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整体疏解腾退自工作2016年开始，由政府主导，规划整个区域进行业态升级，由原来的的服装批发升级为金融、办公功能，利用金融街的金融优势和中关村的技术优势，打造金融与专业服务、科技创新的示范区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6nfhJ031mOCmoLib6oeX9GvgFTefA1ukNksQO0rSch8ibKFv4D0AxlcrRxuC6QtP5SOkfaIrxzRwjGbXhH4wKyJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5983471" data-w="605" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vc7MsltlIIr7VC14GNDPlzTYT1GuibIXXfWbkAniaj1AhNZmxET8spUeA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.593254" data-w="504" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9v5B5EFLtId7aSpCFMBnWNeodSWS2mVY20yiaiaG860m7e5S1tYkhvicKfg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图8 改造前后变化</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(145, 74, 6);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3.2 实施经验和问题</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了给疏解商户提供新的落脚点，同时防止商户回流，政府关注产业承接问题。西城区政府与天津、河北保定白沟、廊坊永清县等地接洽，与天津卓尔电商城、白沟和道国际等签署了合作协议，给动批商户提供落脚点和工商、税务、入学等扶持政策。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与天坛地区类似，整个动批地区产权复杂，有市属国企产权，有民营企业产权。产权方把大楼出租给市场方，市场把摊位租给商户，商户又层层转租，多方利益难协调。相较于天坛，动批利益协调靠谈判，没有统一标准，一楼一策。</p><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2393321" data-w="539" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vT0IGcQ9icibjxk8GLOrYMdBCicgptFdcC5jSlDNxhdLUuCgzEia4hrLCHQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.4 修复生态环境模式</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于位于绿隔地区和城市重要生态地区的疏解空间一般以修复生态环境为主，和义五金机电城疏解是其中一个例子。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和义五金机电城是位于南苑路久敬庄过街天桥东侧的一处违建，地处大红门商圈，同时也在规划的南中轴-南苑湿地森林范围内。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整个项目面积23245平方米，业态以五金批发为主，周边交通拥堵，存在安全隐患，同时并没有相关手续，是一处违法建设。2016年和义街道联合大红门疏解办、北京南郊和义农场组成疏解工作组依据疏解标准关停市场并拆除，拆除后结合南中轴规划，为生态南中轴及南苑森林湿地公园留白增绿，修复生态环境。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6nfhJ031mOCmoLib6oeX9GvgFTefA1ukNksQO0rSch8ibKFv4D0AxlcrRxuC6QtP5SOkfaIrxzRwjGbXhH4wKyJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6100917" data-w="654" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9v2YiaiaHftfFZMGhB2t9MDrzicpkGnnATK1I9LqbO1vwSZP5ahCXjqzfGA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6148359" data-w="701" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vphDhahbJ9NIONq3ntHcEU9Xm1JuNiaIMLJS0iatKCxKOt5HpjFK0Iyzg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图9 改造前后变化</span></em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.1542751" data-w="538" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vKpFjS0W6nO4UC2xrMQ4ovgYOO8CWOXSOhI0E4Nz9tzbunyia6rBM1HQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.5 过渡期衔接模式</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除以上四种模式，还有一种具有特色的模式，即过渡期衔接模式，俗称“以绿看地”。一些违法建设拆除后，目前暂不实施规划，为了防止违法建设复萌，进行短期绿化。广阳谷城市森林公园是一个典型的案例。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">项目位于北京西城区宣武门外大街和广安门内大街两条城市主干道交叉路口，紧邻菜市口地铁站占地3.44公顷，原来为一片违建，有华融基础设施投资有限责任公司、广内街道办事处、西城区交通支队、西城区城管及地铁建设单位5家使用单位。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年7月，西城区园林绿化局、园林市政管理中心对这一闲置地块进行重新规划，打造了一个城市中的公园，同时增加了立体停车场1050平方米，缓解了城市停车压力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6nfhJ031mOCmoLib6oeX9GvgFTefA1ukNksQO0rSch8ibKFv4D0AxlcrRxuC6QtP5SOkfaIrxzRwjGbXhH4wKyJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5984375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vLAMkpFXIDVmqrZCRhfnKnib3khR7oF3LxuFKFdcVlOnV43libk39Tsjw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6015625" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vfVpXU9oqTzBEJywAz9y0fl0ribVuIK3SeK9AsibcCjfxqXUmdqV5fNww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图10 改造前后变化</span></em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3352166" data-w="531" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9viaazjtBvfRDM0NeOpjvKUU2ps0mUoicMX8C2jTb1dv42lg6mDXdzkicKg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.6 多模式综合实践</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总结提炼再利用实例，提出以上五种模式，但在实际中大部分项目、大部分地区都是以上多种模式的综合，最引起大家关注的、最具代表性的为北京大红门地区。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1679104" data-w="536" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9v719RexeIedApK3BPW8XkXTBP3na4VD769PDFxlSUEficI0ADIke5zaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图11 大红门地区市场业态及分布</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大红门专业市场位于南三环至南四环区域商圈，是北京市南中轴的重要区段。大红门地区专业市场共约45家，主要以服装、布艺、鞋帽以及辅料加工为主，并包含五金及小商品市场，总用地面积约为6.7平方公里，总建筑面积约为157万平方米。45家市场中有11家市场为近年审批的项目，与规划用地性质相符。19处市场原功能为厂房、仓库，后改建为市场，与规划审批功能不符。15处市场未经审批，业态杂乱，空间环境差，具有很大的安全隐患。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏解工作自2014年开始，2017年底45家批发市场全部疏解完成。根据市场的不同情况，改造利用有三个方向，与规划相符、空间风貌较好的市场对产业进行转型升级，结合南中轴打造首都现代产业发展及文化展示中轴线；现状功能与规划审批不符的进行整改，发展与规划功能、审批相符的功能。对于未审批的市场，实施拆除或改造，整治空间环境风貌，补充地区功能短板。具体的案例包括：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）新宫大街五金建材市场——城市公园</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新宫大街五金建材市场原为五金批发市场，低端产业集聚、由于区域内人口密集，导致环境脏乱差，并且隐藏着治安、消防等安全隐患。2016年市场关停，进行环境提升，变身城市的休闲客厅。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6nfhJ031mOCmoLib6oeX9GvgFTefA1ukNksQO0rSch8ibKFv4D0AxlcrRxuC6QtP5SOkfaIrxzRwjGbXhH4wKyJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg?x-oss-process=style/xmorient");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="400" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vaBfap3ibAOB7jIg7Sxd3jmicnHPrxekzq8ictn0cnwLyLsoyI2l7sD5UQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.56" data-w="400" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vZrHTMyNuJiabTUx841KzrIia7LxSpY02IyO9cuPUzAic7GsaznMNdwcaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图12 改造前后变化</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）天雅国际服装城——合生广场</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">天雅国际服装城经营面积6.7万平方米，原有摊位416个，附近一度出现摩肩接踵、周边交通堵塞的情况。转型后的合生广场业态升级，内部包括服装、餐饮、超市、休闲娱乐等功能，成为大红门地区第一家综合购物广场。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）久敬庄57号院——计划建设养老机构</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">久敬庄57号院占地145.5亩，2008年开始出租后承租人陆续建设了大量的违法建筑，此次疏解腾退拆除违法建筑达12万平方米。按照规划，此地将建设一座养老机构，解决养老设施短缺的问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.7 实施模式及问题总结</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对以上几个案例和其他的实践进行总结，可以归纳为以下三点：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）实践模式及贡献</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以上五大模式基本涵盖了目前疏解空间再利用的方向，带来贡献除了自身的产业升级、环境升级外，也为社会带来了用地规模建筑规模减量、空间环境提质、留白增绿、增加公共服务设施、市政交通设施等的贡献。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）疏解及再利用实施主体</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏解空间再利用的主导方包括政府、街道、权属方和房地产开发公司、大型运营机构等社会力量。以政府为主导方的项目一般为大型重点项目，例如动批、大红门等，政府在实际操作过程中统筹、调动资源能力更强，效率高，成效好，但是力量有限，无法推动整个行动的蓬勃发展。街道等基层管理机构主导的项目一般为小规模的建筑空间改造，针对性更强，对提升城市居民生活水平有重要意义，值得推广。但是目前整个渠道不完全畅通，规划变更、消防审批等并没有便捷通道。由权属方自行改造的项目在实施过程中相比政府面临更大的问题，包括升级改造可能涉及补地价，大部分的实践基本上处于没有土地证的非法状态，合法成本很高，社会资本无利可图。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）在再利用过程中目前遇到的问题可以总结为两个方面</strong>，一是规划缺衔接，如何将疏解空间再利用与规划体系结合，畅通合法渠道是一大难点；二是政策缺创新，可以通过出台相关政策降低改造成本，让更多社会力量参与其中，多方共赢。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.333725" data-w="851" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vgG4L1TuJGHHKaGHib6AwT0neEbhSg91FGuwdFNtdA3AfAiaic7a0Lp1bQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图13 实施模式及问题总结</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;margin-left: auto;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-moz-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;-o-transform-origin: right bottom 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-right-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="transform: rotate(0deg);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 19px;margin-top: -1px;margin-bottom: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">04</p></section><section style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(92, 83, 65);height: 10px;width: 0px;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);transform-origin: left top 0px;-webkit-transform-origin: left top 0px;-moz-transform-origin: left top 0px;-o-transform-origin: left top 0px;border-top-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);border-left-color: rgb(92, 83, 65);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 14px;margin-left: 5px;font-size: 19px;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;background-color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(101, 32, 10);font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策建议</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 22px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 119.9 66.1" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M4.4,65.4L4.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L23.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L14.3,61.7C12.6,65.4,8.2,67.1,4.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M45.4,65.4L45.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9L64.6,4.4c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L55.3,61.7C53.6,65.4,49.2,67.1,45.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M86.4,65.4L86.4,65.4c-3.8-1.7-5.5-6.1-3.8-9.9l22.9-51.1c1.7-3.8,6.1-5.5,9.9-3.8l0,0  c3.8,1.7,5.5,6.1,3.8,9.9L96.3,61.7C94.6,65.4,90.2,67.1,86.4,65.4z" fill="rgb(246, 233, 205)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于以上问题，结合北京现有规划体系和政策，提出以下两点解决建议：</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.1 基于现有规划体系，加强对疏解腾退空间的规划引领和空间对接</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将疏解空间再利用与总体规划和控制性详细规划结合，解决规划衔接不畅的问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）总规层面明确疏解空间再利用方向，深化落实总体规划提出的疏解腾退空间五大再利用原则，结合分区规划的编制，结合各区发展实际和发展需要，提出各区疏解整治促提升工作重点，明确各区疏解腾退空间再利用的分区分类引导要求。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（2）控规层面加强地块层面规划与疏解腾退空间的有效对接。将疏解腾退空间作为控规编制过程中的优化调整重点，鼓励专项规划利用疏解腾退空间补充完善公共服务设施和市政交通基础设施，通过社区营造等方式鼓励公众参与，加强对疏解腾退空间再利用的精细化设计。</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vzolmw4KKLLwCuz9WtNhiaYNVnUJ4ljKXWXDuBibwtQ0KVX1ibA8LWcd9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图14 疏解空间再利用与现行规划体系对接</em></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(152, 126, 102) 10%, rgba(152, 126, 102, 0.7) 100%);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 60px 60px 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 243, 227, 0.7);padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.2 基于现有政策平台，拓宽土地出让路径，完善增值收益分配机制。</p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于现有政策平台，针对政府主导和自主改造两大实施模式，打破疏解腾退空间再利用面临的政策路径瓶颈，加强空间统筹，进一步拓宽土地出让路径，完善增值收益分配机制，健全存量土地二级市场交易平台，改变政府主导的实施模式，鼓励社会力量的广泛参与。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）拓宽土地出让路径，建议采用存量补地价的方式，改变招拍挂为主导的出让方式，探索协议出让、作价入股、先租后让、租让结合等出让方式，针对符合大众创新、万众创业的项目，建议采用5年期过渡政策，降低产业孵化前期的用地成本。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（2）健全收益分配机制，重点聚焦三个方面，一是对于建设用地的初次分配，即更新改造中贡献用于完善地区道路、绿地、各类设施的用地；二是对于可开发建设的再次分配，即更新改造中新建房屋用于移交政府的配建房屋比重；三是对于产权人（市场）持有房屋的补缴地价规定，即基于城市基准地价制定的存量补地价规定。对于政府，存量改造中政府回收的收益包括公共性用地、配建房屋、产权人（市场）补缴的地价款。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eNfqNjPRRpTzFwcYYUbpU9vu3ItNaia3X8GbdcayQjYkkCgQbsB2ukus0MWxJfJRjKmKPfsVA6MQ6w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图15 政策创新及专用方向</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 《2014年北京市交通运行分析报告》 北京交通发展研究中心</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2 《京津冀协同发展规划纲要》</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">3 《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》</em></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">4 广阳谷城市公园http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2017/09/28/459546.html</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">5 天津卓尔电商城http://www.zalltj.com/index.html</em></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.0250368" data-w="679" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DQGB7SNjiadd3FibPUdWjeNq5qKDiaT98wQeiaQ3lL1f6UibZfJr6r3Hib6XgBaGIYbtROnnRNs0oAhZ4INfiaI5bCFaQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">原文收录于《2019中国城市规划年会论文集》。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">获授权微信首发，如需转载请联系本号。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section>
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