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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;text-align: right;line-height: 2em;"><img class="rich_pages __bg_gif" data-backh="96" data-backw="400" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbOMAS9G0uAeibrAmbQmLT6pLTdBiaJiadER0KB145KfWP3d5xLy0fGs94sZAHqDJhfZNDtnvCamcjfA/?wx_fmt=gif" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="574" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="137" data-ratio="0.25" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbkrRriar4jQaUTmdlCR4VVHcHatgWfiakretMhkdrfsef8vvEjgUrhV1LibBcgWb8WcvGcXmGprogPQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="640" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 574px !important;height: auto !important;"  /><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院</span></strong><br  /></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿 | 住房政策研究中心 陈 洋</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑排版｜刘 洁<br  /></span></strong></span></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;min-height: 1em;text-align: right;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.7;font-size: 14.4px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">全文共<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">5128</span></strong>字，阅读大约需要<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">13</span></strong>分钟</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;">区域发展是不均衡的，区域发展的未来也依然是不均衡的。过去出现的区域扁平化格局，曾经激活了基层的活力，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;">但如今已开始面临粗放、无序发展所带来的种种发展掣肘，越能整合资源的区域越有竞争力与吸引力，从而促使区域向更</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;">加层级化和集聚化的方向演化。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;">于是，当城镇规模和范围集聚到一定程度，都市圈形态就开始呈现出来。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">区域规划正面临转型时期，未来大湾区的区域规划，在都市圈的发展逻辑下，要求更多的妥协与融合，要求更多采取自上而下与自下而上相结合的方式，面向共同愿景，开展“有限规划”，即聚焦于具体的城际协调问题，开展针对性协调规划。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.7;font-size: 14.4px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);"><em><strong>01.</strong></em></span><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">大湾区的空间变迁与规划响应</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: justify;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、大湾区空间成长过程</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">从历史视角看，整个珠江三角洲的发展发育经历了漫长的成陆过程，尤其在西岸地区，从一片汪洋逐步积淀成陆地。今天珠三角的地貌，呈现出西岸地区以水网地带为主、东岸地区以台地为主的特征。</span><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9185580774365821" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcpDMZeLWIMzty0mG2lsia9w3Whvs0QdjrCyFLorSvibLhkBrlruZDMwHw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="749" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7395626242544732" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHc1TQeaNUtHib3k8icAdTXF2sOibTfPyhZo1YzjsibokSj189S7JibTTRjdYg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1006" style=""  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">正因为这样的地貌特征，早期的珠三角的农耕文明、商业文明等都在西岸孕育。珠三角近代的行政中心也经历了一个从西向东的迁移过程，两广总督府从广西梧州到肇庆，最后迁移到广佛一带，这个过程加强了广佛地区在广东省的中心地位，同时也在不断加强珠三角地区在整个华南版图乃至中国版图中的地位。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8161888701517707" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHc73lffhMdnmXYVQ3Qic6ylrSyFlM37jLWdpWge0O3AjB205LMVUpxLfg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="593" style=""  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">下面这两张图（见图）是珠三角行政中心在明清时期和鸦片战争左右时期的城镇格局变化，很显然，一开始的城镇网络重心在西岸，以广佛-顺德-澳门为纵向主轴线，随着香港的崛起而逐渐迁移到东岸的广佛-香港-东莞轴线。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6346153846153846" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcjp3V5k9icMXicwR68MGaNRWLmlGxvQ6KiaRCFhZXOBZshjDH8iaQFaquOA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="936" style=""  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5887445887445888" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcbeaIGPNCOJdOqq0aSUAl2Ow7bAmGcxmwKrjObrBx1eUGmkp0LGsyzQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="924" style=""  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、村镇工业化主导的城镇化发展阶段（改革开放-1997年）：</strong><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">多核弱联系城镇连绵区的形成</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">改革开放以后，珠三角的地区经济飞速发展，变化成就引人瞩目。首先是大规模引进以港资为主的外资，同时配合进行土地制度的变革，以土地有偿使用承接外来资本和外部产业转移，进而形成了前店后厂的产业模式，反映在空间形态上就是明显的空间蔓延。当时，劳动密集型、粗放型产业对空间品质的要求并不高，在东莞等地只要能够提供用地和通畅道路的村镇就有机会赚钱，珠三角地区的城镇空间呈现出扁平化状态。</span></section><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7470059880239521" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcHB6lDwQ7d65kU5nBmrZaXLPPicpn0NPS8QA7SNpILcpucHVUqV1rvibA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="668" style=""  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7455089820359282" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHciaibwvK4Q8hlqo6S1cibDfF1XcpbSZpickoQxZovQqsXINhPB9k7gqogBQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="668" style=""  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、城市主导的城市化阶段（1998-2008年）：</strong><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">城市经济主导</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1997年香港回归后不久，就遭遇亚洲金融风暴，港资力量有所削弱。几乎与此同时，我国在1998年启动住房制度改革（国务院23号文），全面取消单位分房，开启商品房时代，这极大地释放了城市土地红利，通过以住宅用地出让为重要财政来源的土地财政模式，城市化不断加速，城市经济逐渐占据主导，而乡镇企业则渐趋衰落。这个时期，改革开放初期的扁平化、蔓延式城镇空间成长模式，开始向围绕城市的聚集过程转变。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.4199395770392749" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcM3whaial3IomXEj3Z5NPkzWTvOibxOoFBYqTz1vF41f7nDPia8iapIItZw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="662" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4、城市区域化主导的城市化发展阶段（2009-至今）：</strong><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">以广州、深圳为中心的都市圈快速发展</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2008年金融危机以后，国家启动“四万亿计划”，大大推动了各地的基础设施建设，广东省在这一轮基建热潮中，建设了大量轨道交通，包括广佛线、广珠城际、莞惠城际、广深港高铁等，构成了珠三角轨道网主骨架，并进一步促进了中心城市、网络节点地区的发展，中心城市在基础设施网络中发挥了越来越大的集聚作用，城镇空间格局以广、深两大中心城市及其周边地区为核心，进一步趋向极化。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9430051813471503" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcKAhxbPscoCDTltYrpBweu7NCKZSTBst6l6iaQibuBssmwdElTItulaTA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="965" style=""  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">珠三角城市联系网络结构</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">资料来源：</span><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">珠江三角洲全域空间规划/基于珠三角20天1330亿余条手机信令数据</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">从历史经验来看，珠三角区域规划的变化是由于市场力量和行政力量综合主导。而从前面的空间成长过程也可以看到另一个趋势，即制度变革推动空间的扁平化，村镇地区利用土地和交通区位优势，获得了不亚于传统优势地区的发展机会，而以轨道交通为主的技术进步则引导空间重新走向极化，拥有轨道枢纽的优势地区开始聚集越来越多的资源，成为区域中不可替代的核心。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5102599179206566" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcsVFePaaJGcM7ibXRDxYeefhOMxHSt1zQcrWE7klibbOBVX8iaGfJVMvvQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="731" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5、大湾区的规划响应</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">随着整个区域空间的成长，历年来的区域规划也做出了不同的应对。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1989年出台的《珠三角城镇体系规划》提出推动经济特区、各类外向型加工园区建设和乡镇企业发展，重点培育广佛、深圳、珠海等10个城镇群，这与我们当前对城镇群的理解很不一样，可以看出这个规划与当时“扁平化”的区域空间格局是相适配的。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7861635220125787" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHceln2lbHVf78DtkfaibDrtW7yFJFP9muoHR1H2DicBmygqwzLvjWicWXdA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="954" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1992年邓小平同志“南巡”时对最先进行改革开放的广东省寄予厚望，希望在20年之内赶超亚洲“四小龙”。1994年珠三角经济区正式成立，同年出台《珠江三角洲经济区城镇群规划》，提出两条主轴（广深、广珠）、三大都市区、四种用地模式（都会区、市镇密集区、开敞区、生态敏感区）规划。这时的规划已开始有“集聚”的意味。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.770746887966805" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcYPrfzwvNoadeIIibNHLKFv8drpddMicMDoCyic6CVctGWo7ibr2HUFAHlQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="964" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2004年，胡锦涛总书记提出建设“中国社会主义现代化的排头兵”的发展目标。2008年《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要》提出推进与港澳紧密合作，共同打造亚太地区最具活力和国际竞争力的城市群，形成粤港澳三地分工合作、优势互补、全球最具核心竞争力的大都市圈的总体愿景；产业方面要坚持高端发展的战略取向，建设自主创新新高地，率先建成全<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">国创新型区域，成为亚太地区重要的创新中心和成果转化基地；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">同时将加快推进珠江三角洲区域经济一体化作为解决发展</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">不平衡</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">问题的重要举措，并明确提出到2012年，区域一体化格局初步形成。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7698744769874477" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcib3fKYOd7PlGJauDTyayYqfEicHkZkU9En0VPjbQiaxfxnUIqczBv5CBw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="956" style=""  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在《纲要》指导下，区域层面的规划开始越来越聚焦到比较微观而专项的课题，从专项领域切入，推动区域的联合发展。如，以轨道交通网络化发展促进都市圈间及都市圈内部的深度融合，以区域绿道网规划和“万里碧道”规划构建区域蓝绿生态网络。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6855421686746987" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcNQO3UuwWa8PxMw9llGxxQLa5e7eyyq6XlHtOJysw0QyVicjgpkhc8jg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="830" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">珠江三角洲绿道网总体规划</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7122302158273381" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcwXP36GebDAOIrelxgPiaIqf3O51XCNJf1vQBF4icGaRWVibrk71cFsHBQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="556" style=""  /></p><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">广东省万里</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">碧</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">道总体规划</span><br  /></section><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><em><strong><span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">02.</span></strong></em></span><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">从城市群到都市圈</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、基于城市群逻辑的空间规划</strong><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">以上的区域规划，尽管在各自的历史时期都基于当时的发展态势和问题提出了相应的空间发展设想，各有特色，但这些区域规划也有一个共同点，就是它们均基于城市群逻辑编制。所谓城市群的规划逻辑，包含两种思维：点轴思维和均衡思维。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7371428571428571" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcIiasoXlQV828F7nUsmYmic5dtn8Zpiaiblmjlx26RBXF7YHaNicfeSWLjJg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="875" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">上图是08年以后城乡规划一体化规划结构图，从这张图中可以很明显看到，一方面主要的要素是标记城市的“点”和贯穿区域的“轴”；另一方面是呈现高度的均衡，三大都市区用三个圆圈表示，大小一模一样，整个湾区所有放射轴都是呈高度对称的状态，这是对均衡的一种近乎偏执的迷恋，似乎相信一个高度均衡的格局就是理想的未来愿景。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">然而，这两种思维很值得我们反思，因为现实世界的逻辑很明显与之不符。2009年世界银行发布的《重塑世界经济》的年度报告中，旗帜鲜明地指出世界上绝大多数地区发展非常非常不均衡，大量的人口和资源都在极少数地区聚集。我们可以观察到，过去十年整个珠三角主要的人口增长发生在广、深两大核心城市周边。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7276595744680852" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcvBaFhRC8MibibsVn690qIEqXibpzusxOZvT5AvrlhHleSZmGdz0nQfMqg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="940" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">主要创新要素，包括高校、科研机构、重点实验室、重点孵化器等等也都集聚在广州、深圳两大中心城市周边。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6575790621592148" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcQQCribpIa0mibjEWGtvPicxnPXRaJfw6yhEKMrSOtpyoY40sqno2iay9wQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="917" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">交通基础设施网络在区域中的分布基本是均衡的，但实际的交通流量却明显向广深、广佛等关键轴带汇集。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7582846003898636" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcNicLs9VzdrZq8ic4uuzP2E2IMMXibic6KYKcm3FB1CKvTbxNZP2rpib2bag/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="513" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">广、深都市圈向心性特征突出，呈现高频次特征。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6989117291414753" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHc7nIq8GiaptSvgknASQ7hu3bOpQ3CeCaS4RPAf2vq5z5mzpUIRoKudFg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="827" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">显然，区域发展是不均衡的，区域发展的未来也依然是不均衡的。过去出现的区域扁平化格局，曾经激活了基层的活力，</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">但如今已开始面临粗放、无序发展所带来的种种发展掣肘，越能整合资源的区域越有竞争力与吸引力，从而促使区域向更</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">加层级化和集聚化的方向演化。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">于是，当城镇规模和范围集聚到一定程度，都市圈形态就开始呈现出来。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、都市圈的崛起</strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">什么样的都市形态可以被成为都市圈？</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">我认为都市圈至少应具备以下三个特征：</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">一是空间高度连绵</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">不少研究认为，都市圈是城市发展的高级阶段，但我本人并不完全认同。并不是任何城市都可以或必然发展成为都市圈，都市圈更不是所有城市都值得努力成为的样子。在我看来，都市圈首先是“摊大饼”的高级阶段。“摊大饼”一词曾被污名化，似乎谈“饼”色变，但不可否认，世界上所有超大规模城市都是“摊大饼”形态，因为“摊大饼”这种高度连绵的形态，本就是一个低成本高效能的均衡态。从东京都市圈的形态中，可以很明显看到这种“摊大饼”形态。因此，“摊大饼”是一个描述客观状态的中性词，它体现的是超大规模城市的用地空间连绵特征。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">二是跨越行政边界</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">。都市圈一定是跨行政边界的，没有跨越行政边界的“大饼”不能算都市圈，只能算大城市，只有跨越行政边界，涉及跨市协调议题，才称为“都市圈”。如纽约都市圈，跨越四个州，涉及的协调问题非常复杂。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">三是通勤时间限定。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">都市圈范围不可能无限增大，通常受到一小时的通勤距离限定。在当前的交通技术条件下，目前全世界所有的都市圈最大范围不超过五十公里。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.1659125188536954" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcZQ8jRhgnvB7iaXVia5dIprkI3zO4CJa5ibmGHEF10zxYk2GaSUxFvudIg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="663" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13.3333px;letter-spacing: 1px;">东京都市圈</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13.3333px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9758203799654577" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcKL8P7ibd4Df5nt5aMrhIXicCvD6uLBnNaaAyKicKqWejNdFuO4HM8KRwA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1158" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13.3333px;letter-spacing: 1px;">纽约都市圈</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">基于以上考虑，我们从人口、交通以及用地连绵三个角度，尝试界定出珠三角的广佛和深莞惠两大都市圈。其中，将就业人口密度为750-2000人/公顷、都市连绵面积大于3平方公里、日均人口流入规模80-100万人口的地区划分为核心圈；流入核心圈人口空间单元流出人口的5%以上，且流动人数绝对值大于5000人，或者与广深中心区30分钟等时圈较为接近地区划分为紧密圈；流入核心圈人口空间单元流出人口的1.5%以上，且流动人数绝对值大于1000人，或者与广深中心区60分钟等时圈较为接近地区划分为松散圈。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6861167002012073" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcxKAlrSMLdoTHo2nWbIQuXtfSlmt4dKy3cSVdHgdy7UcX6kOwI4R0NA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="497" style="text-align: center;"  /></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7402862985685071" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcPqWJ0JqTOawoFiaIzfp0uGq5nQFLibR5IZvuQrw0icNlnHsaKnf65jGuA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="489" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、都市圈关键词：</strong><strong style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">培育，或是妥协？</strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在很多关于都市圈的政策文件或规划文件中，我们常常能看到的关键词是“打造”、“培育”之类的具有主动构建意味的词。可是，当今世界上成熟的都市圈并不是谁“打造”出来的，而是自己形成的。我们更应当关注的，是在城市地区在走向都市圈的过程中，呈现出来的种种城际间不协调的问题。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">比如在广佛地区，广州和佛山历来的城市功能拓展都朝向相反方向，广州以“东进”“南拓”为主，而佛山的重点平台多位于西侧。两市之间的地带长期缺乏有效协调与整合。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">又比如在深莞惠地区，东莞很多较为低端的厂房难以承接深圳的高端产业转移，制约了产业转型升级进程；许多深圳人在惠州购房，但深惠两地间的通勤人数却要少很多，暴露出两地交通接驳的瓶颈。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">我们也可以看到，无论广佛还是深莞惠，都已经开始推动一系列城市间的协调动作。比如广佛之间划定“1+4”融合地区，有望将同城化推上一个新的台阶；深莞惠不再遵循过去依托公路的“蔓延式”产业转移模式，而是更多依托轨道交通对接，以龙头企业为引领，推动“飞地式”拓展，深汕合作区是一次综合性的先导尝试，而华为松山湖园区则在产业转移模式方面具有标杆意义。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8352941176470589" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHcI7QfwtOMiaJvlwYfv4usonqQH1sYDF7ly9m0Rjbf9ACKZibO32bXEl1A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="510" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">这些城市在过往的发展历程中，多更加重视自身的竞争力，对周边地区也仅仅简单视其为“腹地”，而一旦城市地区成长到都市圈阶段，城市间才真正开始重视城际协调问题。某种程度上说，这是不得已而为之，是“倒逼”出来的战略，但从积极角度看，这也是区域内各城市在新阶段达成的新共识。因此，我觉得都市圈的关键词不是“打造”或“培育”，而是更多体现出“妥协”。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.7877629063097514" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaYoRqhJEKKI6QRAKR3waHc8iclB0jLPANJcibWw5KdM0dRqOKJsJgwGlkZ6br2nVRcyExDmsIsBWRw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="523" style=""  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><em><strong><span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">03.</span></strong></em></span><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">大湾区的规划趋势</strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">区域规划应与区域发展态势相适配，过去的区域规划以问题为导向，以政府为主导，多基于城市群逻辑编制，但这样的区域规划正面临转型。<strong>未来大湾区的区域规划，在都市圈的发展逻辑下，要求更多的妥协与融合，要求更多采取自上而下与自下而上相结合的方式，面向共同愿景，开展“有限规划”，即聚焦于具体的城际协调问题，开展针对性协调规划。</strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">从珠三角各市已经编制的城市规划中的空间结构拼合图来看，城市间的协调并不明显，而我们在全省国土空间规划专题研究之一的粤港澳大湾区国土空间保护与优化规划中所绘制的空间结构图，有意弱化了刚性的点轴，而是强调更为柔性和网络化的轴线，有意弱化了对称均衡的格局，而是强调两大都市圈的影响，从而更加尊重现实世界的发展逻辑。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">总之,都市圈的发展需要更多的城市之间的妥协，而妥协在某种程度上意味着适应和共识。所谓适应，我们认为都市圈是超大规模城市在不断聚集和扩展中演化而成，对于珠三角来说，两个逐渐崛起的都市圈可谓新的物种，它们的出现，标志着区域发展的规模、多元化水平、组织方式等都进入新的阶段，那么，<strong>在关心都市圈的竞争力议题之外，我们需要更多地关心在不断壮大的都市圈形态中，如何促进都市圈内部及其与周边周边地区的适应和协调。</strong><strong>所谓共识，我们认为</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">都市圈和城市群最大区别在于，城市群更加关注产业合作议题，而都市圈更加关注人的生活议题，更加要求在“以人为本”的层面达成区域性共识。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">借用梁鹤年先生的“城市人”概念，自我保存、与人共存，这是人的两大根本需求，而对都市圈而言也一样，区域中的城市，同样要在自我保存（竞争）和与人共存（协调）之间寻求平衡与共识。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 8px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.345" 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