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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section><section style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages __bg_gif" data-backh="96" data-backw="400" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbOMAS9G0uAeibrAmbQmLT6pLTdBiaJiadER0KB145KfWP3d5xLy0fGs94sZAHqDJhfZNDtnvCamcjfA/?wx_fmt=gif" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="574" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="137" data-ratio="0.25" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbkrRriar4jQaUTmdlCR4VVHcHatgWfiakretMhkdrfsef8vvEjgUrhV1LibBcgWb8WcvGcXmGprogPQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="640" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 574px !important;height: auto !important;"  /><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">来源 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿 | 城市设计所 陈治金</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>特别感谢 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 米庆志</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>深圳市城市规划设计研究院 骆梁笑</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.7;font-size: 14.4px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">全文共</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">6885</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">字，阅读大约需要</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">19</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">分钟</span></section><section><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">随着我国生态文明建设的持续推进，控制城市增长边界、坚守生态底线等发展理念已被广泛肯定。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">新常态下城乡治理将持续关注城乡发展空间，寻找更深层次、更科学的方法解决当前生态、基本农田保护与城乡发展中存在的突出问题。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">基于遥感影像的土地利用变化监测，为掌握建设用地时空演变规律、城乡发展空间的景观格局特征变化提供了科学有效的量化基础，有助于对城市区域潜在生态问题的判断分析，对协调城市区域的“生产、生活、生态”空间发展有重要意义。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">本文以罗定市为例，基于遥感影像数据，探究罗定市城市规划区范围内近10年土地利用变化，梳理该区域土地利用变化对景观格局及生态环境质量的影响，为城市空间与生态环境协调发展提供决策依据。</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.7;font-size: 14.4px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: right;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 22px;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.3em;height: 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span title="" class="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.col1:2.txt1" style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1.2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</p></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.9;color: rgb(94, 94, 94);letter-spacing: 1px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;">     研究区概况</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">罗定市位于广东省西部，地处北纬22°25′～22°57′，东经111°03′～111°52′之间，东邻云安区，东南接阳春市，西南靠广东信宜市，东北连广东郁南县，西部与广西岑溪市交界，全市总面积2327.5平方公里。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">罗定市西部、西北部和南部一部分为云开大山山地，东面为云雾山山地，中部、东北部和南部为盆地、丘陵地带。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">境内主要河流有罗定江和金充河、加益河。</span><span style="text-align: justify;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">本文选择《罗定市城市总体规划（2016-2035年）》中所划定的城市规划区作为空间范围，选择2008-2018年近十年作为演变研究的时间范围，空间范围面积约295.08平方公里。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: right;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 22px;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.3em;height: 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span title="" class="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.col1:2.txt1" style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1.2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</p></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;">  </strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;">研究方法</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="text-align: justify;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;">2.1 </strong></span></strong><strong style="text-align: justify;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;">土地利用变化分析</strong></span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">（1）遥感土地利用分类</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">遥感数据来源于中科院计算机网络信息中心，包括涵盖罗定市城市规划区的2008年Landsat TM5和2013年、2018年的Landsat-8 OLI_TIRSW遥感数据。利用基于ENVI的监督分类方法对规划区范围内的土地利用类型进行解译，采用人机交互目视解译法，并结合实地调查及经验判定地物类型特征。分别得到2008年、2013年和2018年三个时间窗口的土地利用数据。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">参考国土用地分类标准以及研究实际需要，本次用地类型共划分了四类，分别是建设用地、林地、水域、耕地（见图1）。建设用地主要包含城乡建设用地、区域交通设施用地、区域公用设施用地等；林地包含有林地、疏林地、灌木林地、生产林地等；水域主要涵盖河流、湖泊、鱼塘以及农村中临时性的坑塘水面等；耕地包含基本农田和一般农田，如水田、水浇地、旱地等。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.41292356185973206" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbV9vs8SojmGpyTsmkCuryLulhMQedlxL4XYYDeh0x0TRgBjKcfXrtBJ0O9dZN4BH8qWqHNn9GKAA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1269" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图1 罗定市城市规划区土地利用分类图</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（2）土地利用转移矩阵</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">土地利用转移矩阵能够直观地反应出各类土地利用类型之间的转换情况，同时也可以反映出研究期末各土地利用类型的来源与结构，或不同时间段内同一区域内土地利用类型的相互转换关系。一般用二维表来表达各个地类间相互转化的具体情况，描述了前后两幅土地分类图之间的地类发生转变的位置和类别。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">2.2 景观格局指数</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">景观格局具体是指由景观外部因素影响下形成的一系列大小、形状各异，排列不同的景观镶嵌体在空间上的排列形式，是景观异质性的具体表现[1]。景观格局指数是景观生态学中用于测度景观异质性特征的方法，常用于辅助解释景观斑块的类型、形状、大小、数量和空间组合各种因素相互作用下的景观格局演化过程。并能有效揭示各类型用地形状和空间格局变化在内的空间分异特征（表1）。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表1 部分景观格局指数及其含义</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8828828828828829" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZuc2ZvxdADT7n0PEyXvh8bBXeicpLJSLsOpj1sick1BlxoTTKnH6AxkSlWw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="555" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><p style="text-align: left;"><br  /></p><section style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">2.3 土地利用变化的生态环境效应评价</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">不同的土地利用类型具有差异化的生态环境质量，前人根据各土地利用类型的相对生态价值，建立区域内土地利用类型与生态环境质量的关联。并通过分析土地利用变化特征，定量分析区域生态环境变化特征[2]。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">本研究在于对比一定时空范围内同一区域内土地利用变化对生态环境质量的影响，因此以一级用地分类为基础测算区域生态环境质量，虽然精度上难以全面准确，但对于对比分析一定时段的生态环境质量变化仍具有一定的对比分析意义。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">一级土地利用类型的相对生态服务价值的确定，根据谢高地等对中国不同陆生系统单位面积生态服务价值评估结果[3]，对不同土地利用类型能的生态环境质量进行赋值，定义为不同土地利用类型的相对生态服务价值（表2）。本研究根据土地利用类型的具体情况，在前人研究基础上，对土地利用类型进行赋值，详见（表3）：</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表2 土地利用类型的相对生态服务价值</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.24545454545454545" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucVaicZsdnYxoeMD6FOzg8qL3BOO8lkmUgjqRFXYTsj8BI6smYdic9ZFzA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="550" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表3 本研究不同土地利用类型的相对服务价值</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.12839059674502712" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZuc2DVZNAEXhHlTDqxCRtEPX1YKFwkUt0I3VPxHrmeiaFHc4QibUYznKORw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="553" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（1）区域生态环境质量指数</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">区域生态环境质量指数是指综合考虑区域内各土地利用类型所具有的生态环境质量及面积比例，用以定量表征某一区域内生态环境质量的总体状况[4]。其表达式为：</span></section><p><img data-ratio="0.4264706" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohYrmdVeHJIpPu9c2DNp7iaX5lBDSbaPMIJql7JNqwDRCFmFcOwTIZYLAgcgs9H136k2I9XJHR3RQ3g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="408"  /></p><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;"></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">式中：EVt-t表示该区域t时期生态环境质量指数；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">LUi-该区域第i种土地利用类型的面积；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Ci-该区域第i种土地利用类型的生态环境质量指数；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">TA-该区域土地总面积；</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">n-区域内所具有的土地利用类型数量。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（2）土地利用转型的生态贡献率</span></strong></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">区域土地利用变化类型生态贡献率是指某一种土地利用变化类型所导致的区域生态环境质量的改变[5][6]，其表达式为：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.15813953488372093" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbV9vs8SojmGpyTsmkCuryLEUR29C1YMhGZnsNRyuqeYpEV8Py0VbCHq7H6x5To3JLib332STUfXbw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="645" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">式中：LEt+1,LEt-某一土地利用变化类型所反映的变化末期和初期土地利用类型所具有的生态环境质量指数；LA-该变化类型的面积，TA-该区域总面积。</span></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 22px;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.3em;height: 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span title="" class="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.col1:2.txt1" style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1.2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</p></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;"></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;">   </strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;">结果与分析</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br  /></strong></span></section><section style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">3.1 罗定市城市规划区土地利用变化特征</span></strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（1）各年份土地利用类型构成分析</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">基于遥感影像对各年份土地利用分类结果统计，得到各年份罗定市城市规划区内土地利用构成信息，见（表4）：</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表4 罗定市城市规划区各年份土地利用统计表</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.40707964601769914" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucND6ia1QrVmg47g6vIBMoXPUDJbdFTRKTY5icdX2Ephp3oItSGD4K6Pzw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="565" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表4）可知， 2008-2018年，研究区内耕地和林地为所占比重合计达到77%-80%，建设用地所占比重不超过22%，水域面积所占比重不超过3%。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">从各类用地面积所占比重的增长变化情况来看：耕地面积呈先增后减阶段特征，2008年耕地占研究区面积比重为33.38%，至2013年，面积所占比重增至43.42%，至2018年面积比重降至38.65%；建设用地在2008-2018年间处于稳定持续增长阶段， 2008年占研究区面积比重为14.45%，至2018年面积比重增至21.57%%；林地面积呈现先减少后增加的阶段特征，在2008年面积所占比重49.76%，至2013年面积比重降至35.37%，到2018年面积所占比重略有回升，增至38.03%；水域在2008年所占面积占比相对最高，为2.41%，至2013年，其用地面积进一步减少，为1.73%，至2018年，面积少量回升，升至1.75%。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">整体而言，土地利用面积变化特点呈现为建设用地的规模稳定增长，耕地先增加后减少，林地先减少后增加，水域的面积减少并趋于稳定的阶段特征。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（2）各用地类型矩阵转移分析</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">为掌握各土地利用类型的转换关系，利用GIS的空间叠加分析计算得出土地利用转移矩阵。结果见（表5）、（表6）、（表7）：</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表5 2008-2013年土地利用类型面积转移矩阵（<span style="font-size: 15px;">h</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>）</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5813953488372093" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucwgxMSkPbjREibCsJeSaBVMibxia4xrISicsYnUjSRg0G1v1HbpjGfSy7cA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="559" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表5）可知，2008至2013年，耕地的转出率26.08%，建设用地转出率20.57%，林地的转出率38.47%，水域转出率44.1%。耕地和建设用地以转入为主，林地和水域以转出为主。其中耕地转移至建设用地的面积达1362h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>，林地转入建设用地面积达974  h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>；林地转移至耕地面积达4596h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>。结果表明建设用地扩张的土地来源以耕地转入为主，耕地的扩张主要由林地转化而来。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表6 2013-2018年土地利用类型面积转移矩阵（<span style="font-size: 15px;">h</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>）</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.574468085106383" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucsZfcOCxVhEzibICogWW1za4lsJP4zibgjgVhdOfjhxQJNM1aSvgZ2qXw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="564" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表6）可知：2013至2018年，耕地转出率33.01%，建设用地转出率20.22%，林地转出率22.52%，水域转出率37.25%。耕地和水域以转出为主，建设用地和林地以转入为主，且均主要来源于耕地转化，其中耕地转入建设用地面积1353h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>，转入林地面积2672h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>。表明该时期内建设用地的扩张仍以耕地为主要来源，由于弃耕、休耕等原因，农作物植被面积向林地植被转变。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表7 2008-2018年土地利用类型面积转移矩阵（<span style="font-size: 15px;">h</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>）</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5833333333333334" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucnzPzl9iaicztWBpMjVickQKhP2SDQ2SVCfN5cU55GaCFw3o3CoQJUXePw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="564" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表7）可知，2008年至2018年，耕地累计转出率28.05%，建设用地累计转出率18.39%，林地累计转出率30.69%，水域转出率42.98%。建设用地和耕地以转入为主，林地和水域以转出为主。总体而言，建设用地面积增长来源于耕地和林地的转入，其中耕地转入建设用地面积总计1770h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>，林地转入建设用地面积1035 h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>；耕地的面积增长来源于林地的转入，耕地转入林地面积总计3411h<span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">㎡</span>，水域的转出面积主要转变为耕地。结果反映了城市生活空间向农业生产空间扩张，农业生产空间向生态空间扩张的土地利用变化特点。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);">3.2 景观格局变化与生态响应</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（1） 景观格局变化</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">借用景观水平和类型水平的景观格局指数表征景观格局特征，以量化指数对比分析罗定市2008-2018年城市规划区景观格局变化。通过解读各项指数的景观生态学意义，判断土地利用变化对区域景观格局的影响。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">①整体景观格局变化</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">利用2008、2013、2018三年时期的土地利用类型分类结果，计算得到各时期景观水平的景观格局指数，结果见（表8）：</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表8 2008-2018年罗定市城市规划区景观格局指数（景观水平）一览表</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.3498233215547703" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucMsppBXC6mL17JLZYke9yOj4krZibibBUicLLqk22Lqz56PlZHh7HE8sBQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="566" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表8）可知：2008至2013年，研究区斑块密度（PD）、斑块个数（NP）上升，最大斑块指数（LPI）与斑块聚合指数（AI）显著降低，表明整体景观格局的破碎化程度增加；研究区内景观优势度下降，各斑块面积趋于均质且更加破碎；景观形状指数（LSI）和Shannon多样性指数上升明显，形状更加复杂化，景观中各斑块的复杂性和变异性增加，景观在人为或气候因素作用下易发生变化。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2013至2018年，斑块密度（PD）、斑块个数（NP）降低，最大斑块指数（LPI）与斑块聚合指数（AI）显著上升，说明整体景观格局的破碎化程度减弱，各斑块趋于聚合，景观优势度上升，整体性的大面积斑块增多；景观形状指数（LSI）和Shannon多样性指数下降，斑块形状更加简单，景观中各斑块的复杂性和变异性减弱。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">总体而言，2008-2018年，研究区内随着土地利用类型不断变化，整体景观格局呈现了由破碎到集聚空间变化的特征，从斑块面积上呈现了先趋于均质，再趋于差异化的特点，在形状上呈现先复杂、后简单变化过程。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">②类型水平下的景观格局变化</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">利用2008、2013、2018三年时期的土地利用类型分类结果，得到各时期类型水平下的景观格局指数，结果见（表9）：</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表9 2008-2018年罗定市城市规划区景观格局指数（类型水平）一览表</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8689407540394973" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZuc5ia2Miatfkv18JnsjzJaicqN5mp1TzIiaPWluh6oM3cfuHDxtht4WrAiaUg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="557" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表9）可知，耕地景观的面积占比、斑块数量、斑块密度、最大斑块指数及景观形状指数经历了先升高、后降低的变化过程，结合同一时期的土地利用转移矩阵分析，表明2008至2013年间，在林地向耕地转移时，耕地优势景观增强，斑块数量显著上升，景观斑块趋于均质，且同类型斑块聚合度上升，耕地与其他用地类型的边界邻接度增加，边界的形态趋于复杂。在2013-2018年间，耕地向建设用地转变时，耕地斑块的聚合度下降，耕地斑块数量减少，斑块密度增加，整体性减弱，斑块边界的复杂性增强。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">建设用地在2008-2013年间，景观面积占比、最大斑块指数和斑块聚合度显著上升，斑块数量和斑块密度小幅增加，说明该时期内的集中建设活动密集，建设用地空间上呈现连续增长。景观形状指数的下降说明，外围的村庄建成区斑块由明显的减少,建设用地的减少受人为干预影响，呈现出规整土地布局的趋势。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">林地在2008-2013年间，景观面积占比、斑块数量、斑块密度和景观形状指数显著下降，聚合指数降低，说明该时期内林地增长较为破碎，空间分布趋于广泛，与其他土地利用类型邻接度较高，边界形状复杂。2013-2018年间，林地面积小幅增长，斑块数量、密度、景观形状指数显著上升，而最大斑块指数和斑块聚合度下降。结合同时期内土地利用转移分析，表明林地面积虽有小幅增长，主要来自与耕地斑块的转入，空间分布相对趋于分散，整体变化较为稳定，整体性趋好。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">水域在2008-2013年间，面积减少，各项景观格局指数均有所下降，表明随着农村地区的坑塘水面数量减少；水域景观整体面积减少；2013-2018年，水域面积有所增加，斑块数量和斑块密度上升，外围的坑塘水面数量有一定增加，水域景观整体趋于破碎，且与其他用地类型邻接度较高，边界形状更加复杂。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">（2）土地利用变化的生态响应</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">①区域生态环境质量变化</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">根据区域环境生态质量指数模型，计算得到罗定市城市规划区范围内2008年、2013年、2018年的区域生态环境质量指数，详见（表10），由表可知，2008-2018年间，区域生态环境质量指数共上升2.31%。其中，2008-2013年区域环境质量指数由0.4683下降至0.3964；2013-2018年由0.3964增长至0.4032。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">总体而言，2008-2018年，罗定市城市规划区区域生态环境质量指数先下降，后增加的变化特征。在各类土地利用类型中，林地的生态环境质量最高，对区域的生态环境的贡献率最大，其次为耕地，建设用地和水域的生态环境质量最低，对区域生态环境的贡献最小。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表10 罗定市城市规划区区域生态环境质量指数</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.3595706618962433" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucZnNlnP6B06gqggzy7wBfp3qIwuvNHftFmHKX2Zv6VJUVOywXia5DnjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="559" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">②区域土地利用类型生态贡献率变化</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">区域生态环境质量同时存在着改善和恶化两种相反的趋势。生态环境改善和恶化趋势可以依据土地利用转移矩阵的土地利用类型生态贡献率分析得出。（表11）给出了2008-2018年罗定市城市规划区内导致生态环境改善和生态环境恶化的主要土地利用变化类型和贡献率。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">表11 影响生态环境质量的主要土地利用类型及生态贡献率</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="559" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="201" data-ratio="0.935251798561151" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYF2TuMrr9nEHlIxJqEwZucZMxuZBdtPhdvfibwxMrrH0ZRGP5O7N2qgReeP4SVtUL5E4pTnBNGS2g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="556" style="width: 559px;height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">由（表11）可知。2008-2013年，促进研究区生态环境质量改善的主要土地利用变化因子为耕地向林地、建设用地向耕地的转化，前者贡献率达66.47%，后者贡献率达20.68%。致使生态环境质量恶化的主要土地利用变化因子为林地向耕地、建设用地的转化。其中，林地向耕地转化的生态贡献率达到66.46%，向建设用地转化的生态贡献率达到21.04%。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2013-2018年，促进罗定市城市规划区生态环境至改善的主要土地利用变化因子为耕地向林地的转化，其生态贡献率达71.98%。致使生态环境质量恶化的主要土地利用变化因子为林地向耕地、建设用地和耕地向建设用地的转换，其中林地转耕地的生态贡献率达57.57%，林地转建设用地的生态贡献率达11.71%，耕地转建设用地的生态贡献率20.50%。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;text-align: right;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;font-size: 22px;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 4px;margin-left: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.3em;height: 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="margin: auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 2.5em;text-align: right;line-height: 0;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span title="" class="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:3.col1:2.txt1" style="margin-right: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;line-height: 1.2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</p></span><span style="margin-left: 2px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(8, 90, 81);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;"> 结论</strong></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> （1）研究区土地利用以耕地和林地为主，耕地农作物植被显著增长后，呈现小幅下降趋势，而同期建设用地的过程表现为持续增长，耕地为建设用地扩展的主要来源；林地为耕地面积增加的主要来源；水域的面积变化趋势较为稳定，变化波动较小。研究区整体反映了城市空间向农业空间扩张，农业空间向生态空间扩张的土地利用变化特点。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">（2）随着土地利用类型不断变化，研究区整体景观格局呈现了由破碎到集聚的空间变化特征，从斑块面积上呈现了先趋于均质，再趋于差异化的特点，在形状上呈现了先复杂、后简单变化过程。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在类型水平上，当耕地向其他用地类型转移时，优势景观趋于破碎，边界的形态趋于复杂；其他用地类型向耕地转移时，整体性增强，斑块边界的复杂性减弱；建设用地受人为影响，空间增长呈现连续性，空间分布从分散向集聚变化；林地增长空间分布呈现自然随机性，在与其他土地利用类型的相互转变过程中，面积变化较为稳定，但空间分布逐步趋于集聚，整体性趋好。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">（3）研究区的区域生态环境质量指数在2008-2013年呈下降变化，在2013-2018年呈上升变化，在2008年达到最高。在各类土地利用类型中，林地的生态环境质量最高，对区域的生态环境的贡献率最大，其次为耕地和水域，建设用地的生态环境质量最低，对区域生态环境的贡献最小。研究区内存在生态质量改善和恶化两种的趋势。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2008-2013年，致使研究区内生态环境质量恶化的主要土地利用变化因子为林地向耕地的转化以及林地向建设用地的转化，促进生态环境质量改善的主要土地利用变化因子为耕地向林地、建设用地向耕地的转化。2013-2018年，促进研究区生态环境改善的主要土地利用变化因子为耕地向林地的转化，致使生态环境质量恶化的主要土地利用变化因子为林地向耕地和建设用地的转化。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.7;font-size: 14.4px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">参考文献：</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", 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!important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: 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