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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4453704" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhs0oIKT57L86abmTKL58CL8WN9gq284SVhtk6NnDhCdsjkyCrrMuTN6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(239, 70, 70);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-53202-1534475045474" style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(239, 175, 17);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 31 分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(170, 168, 168);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(239, 175, 17);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(239, 175, 17);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 9</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月26日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsIB0cTjPgdLFfWf0Lq1QHI0ZdprSmhWcxTZT41nQDRSqaDg61TBiabYg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhstEib7lQiclhjGH9CibfQic3MUViaiaYjjo3g2WT6EGoru67icYfvUaRtHL98w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(94, 164, 178);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhstEib7lQiclhjGH9CibfQic3MUViaiaYjjo3g2WT6EGoru67icYfvUaRtHL98w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhstEib7lQiclhjGH9CibfQic3MUViaiaYjjo3g2WT6EGoru67icYfvUaRtHL98w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;font-size: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 48px;margin: 10px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -5px;width: 3em;height: 3em;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;border-radius: 100%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsNqHelNackMcZKY2sibQHKREJkoQQUCU4XynS1MjFIztcwhYGKlibw38g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsNqHelNackMcZKY2sibQHKREJkoQQUCU4XynS1MjFIztcwhYGKlibw38g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -2px;margin-left: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: right;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -3px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 3em;height: 1.5em;margin-top: -5px;border-radius: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em;border-left: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-right: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(232, 76, 32);border-top-color: rgb(232, 76, 32);box-sizing: 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data-w="271" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhszicmNKMJ5QfJfqk4OmJ5YF2YxL590ib2IqPOyUY2GIW8tOq5sZm3ITibg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: 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style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">众山小 </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">   校核 |</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">众山小</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献 | </strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">刘希宇    </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">排版 |</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 苗雪琪</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/     </span></span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhstEib7lQiclhjGH9CibfQic3MUViaiaYjjo3g2WT6EGoru67icYfvUaRtHL98w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhstEib7lQiclhjGH9CibfQic3MUViaiaYjjo3g2WT6EGoru67icYfvUaRtHL98w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsegiaCCIZmvwnEZLibQibhexkqT9u7Jo9h9nBBLkpr8X3x3ld8EJ4Xya3g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px 30px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;color: rgb(94, 164, 178);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">导读</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% -40px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-left: 10px none rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(121, 121, 121);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当人们的交通方式从地面转向空中，航空对城市的经济发展有着“重塑性”的影响。一个城市的地理位置决定了它与其他城市的距离，而航空在其中扮演着城市之间的连接者，那些处于连接网络中心的城市有着得天独厚的优势。这些城市间的航空联系，最重要的并非是货物运送，人作为最有活力和创造力的个体才是航空运送中最为重要的部分。想法与创新的共享、面对面的商业沟通、文化与艺术的创意，随着航空与城市经济发展有着密切的联系。机场的功能是一个新的航空城市经济发展模式，就像20世纪的高铁、19世纪的铁路和18世纪的海港那样，21世纪的机场在城市发展的旅途中会给我们带来更多的惊喜。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -40px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-left: 10px solid rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rQCQ3p7GFD8ibBIeFHoXfZLr1nvLx1iajpvibicYsg5l7VShaS9ibzhIO5Hu4ATUPlliaSeBCibiba9wKgRrs8sLiaYTib5g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 48px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1;padding: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0);font-size: 28px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 202, 0);text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、</strong></span></em></span><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;">直达航班对城市财富的塑造</span></strong></span></em></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;border-top: 1.2em solid rgb(255, 223, 0);border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6670213" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsYkJVYWrv1aL893VXPhJ3swchbz1SeowM2Gk6icWCd09UA6HFRzuhqzw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、</strong></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">在成都机场候机的一位女士。图：John Ruwitch/Reuters</em></strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市之间的直达航班与增加机场输送能力相比是增加城市间投资的更有效方式。</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不久前，人们还以为飞机会把世界颠覆，使我们比之前的铁路时代和汽车时代的崛起一样，令城市地理更加扁平化。但是事实却恰恰相反，飞机、机场和航空出行促成了我们的地理偏好集约性，人口和经济活动日益集中于那些少数的、大型的、生产力发达和交通连接性很好的超级城市中。城市之间的直达航班与增加机场输送能力相比是增加城市间投资的更有效方式。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这是近期一项关于国际化机场和航空连接对经济及城市发展的影响研究<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献一，请后台联系我们索取）</span></strong>的重要发现。这项研究出自于哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院和苏黎世大学的经济学家们，他们研究了航空旅行在来自200个不同国家的超过819个城市和城市区经济表现中的作用。通过借用国际民用航空组织的详细数据，来寻找直达航班对财政业务以及这些城市之间投资的关联，同时借助全球超过50万的商务人员和超过30000的主要商业活动进行分析。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了区分城际直达航班的重要性，这项研究使用了一个全球航空法规的有趣的怪现象。由于机组人员轮班的限制，超过12小时或6000英里的航班运营成本总是明显偏高，因此也并不多见。这意味着一些城市单纯因为他们的地理位置，更容易有更多大量的直达线路连接，反过来又促进更多的商业联系。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4865447" data-w="929" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhscPgYmFpGHSnVBmmfLAuLnGPpzFg086acZ9Kt52J9v8nOklrj3LzWZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、来自全球超过819个机场中，在5500-6500英里范围内的机场连接度分布。</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">上述这幅地图全球高、低、中水平城市之间在5500-6500英里范围内的机场连接：“高连接度”意味着绝大部分城市到达这座城市的距离低于6000英里。机场连接度的各种级别看似随机的在全球范围内进行连接。一条线路从旧金山向西南延伸，横跨美国中部和南美洲北部。另一条线路从中国中部出发，跨越印度南部。一条低连接度的线路从中亚向南延伸，横跨阿拉伯半岛以及东非和中非的部分地区等等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5265957" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhs9uCQiaT8Imj4w13br1r8liaibvDCiasdc1JZxM7X5wBPMNk4K5RZ0j9Wrw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、从旧金山出发，在5500-6500英里范围内的全球机场分布。红线表示6000英里的界限。</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">但看旧金山，我们可以看到它在5500-6000英里的范围内，绝大部分的城市航线连接在6000英里一下。正如上述地图所示，旧金山的优势在于它恰好在Santiago和Valparaiso之间穿越南美和大西洋，然后它在马德里到莫斯科之间有着一大片西欧和中欧土地，在这之后穿越亚洲北部和朝鲜半岛。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">但是，这些地理问题的经济意义是什么？机场和航空连接在加强或减弱这些影响方面的作用又是什么？</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">这项研究表明，平均每增加一个城市的“网络中心性”或者它的5500-6000英里范围的优质机场，将会使其GDP增加0.8个百分点。另外，城市之间距离低于6000英里上限，也就是那些更倾向于开设直达航班的城市，也更倾向于去建立更有意义的商业联系。比如，米兰与上海之间是5650英里，而马德里与上海之间是6350英里，前者的商业所有权联系是后者的三倍。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">或者说，从上海和雅加达的不同来看。上海5500-6500英里范围的主要机场有四分之三的是在6000英里以下，这让上海成为一个有很高连接度的城市。然而雅加达，只有三分之一的主要机场是在6000英里以下。尽管这种地理问题并不能充分说明雅加达的经济发展速度确实慢于上海，但这仍然是一个虽小却重要的影响因素。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然城市对于它的地理位置没有任何可以改进的作为，但它们可以有策略地建立它们的航空连接。也许这项研究最重要的实用结论就是直达航班对特定城市之间的连接相比机场的输送能力有着更重要的意义。这项研究肯定了大部分人的直觉:中转航班是一件痛苦的事情，确确实实在影响着城市之间的投资模式。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">平均而言，每周至少一次的直达航空连接水平远高于那些没有直达航班的连接水平。正如研究所说“那些在获得更多远程航空连接方面处于有利地位的城市最终会与更多的远方城市建立更多商业联系”。比如，像新加坡和迪拜这样被称赞为投入巨资建设最先进的全球机场的城市，但是机场的大小、规模和设施与拥有正确的全球航线连接相比似乎没那么重要。换句话说，真正重要的不仅仅是国际化机场，而是通过空中更加无缝地连接远距离的人口和经济活动中心的能力。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">这其中的关键在于全球空中连接在一起的方式和缩短远距离人和想法之间的有效距离。本文第二部分表明机场最重要的作用在于传递人和想法，而不是货物。人的移动预示着资本的移动：在人和人之间获得面对面交流的本领，是提升商业洽谈能力的重要因素。飞机、机场和航空旅行让这种关键联系成为可能，而且当人们不再需要中转航班时又为人们带来了更大的方便。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">但是当全球机场和航空联系能够使一些地区聚集起来，其他地区由于它们的缺席将会更加分散，从而导致全球范围内地理不平等日益加剧。主要是更先进和富裕的城市相互连接，而缺乏连接度则使较不利的地区隔离开来。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">即使在技术先进的世界中我们可以通过Facebook，Twitter或Skype无缝连接，地理位置和连接度仍然很重要。在建立真实的经济联系和实现城市之间人员和思想的真实沟通时，地理位置和航空连接的结合是关键<span style="font-family: line-through;box-sizing: border-box;">。虽然全球化机场很重要，但这并不意味着每个城市都需要花费数十亿美元来建造一个最先进的新机场。从成本效益的基础上，一个城市仅仅通过与那些他们想分享想法和开展业务的城市推行直达航班连接，它将会能够提供良好甚至更好的服务。</span></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0390625" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Ox9ufQUcUj7AtBX9kK6PNQTkuGmphT9MonFewYDYE8tQedgz1S68jJwFOxxsCsXKc7hlkNJXcVVWAIOoicScT0g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 48px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1;padding: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 28px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">二、</span></strong></span></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></em></span><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机场与城市财富</span></strong></span></em></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;border-top: 1.2em solid rgb(255, 223, 0);border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6446809" data-w="940" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhs5TC6sMPuzFH5TMgtQKLJxUwZWGObymYTQjrowGTuxwd5Rs1GYgU9LQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、Reuters</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">机场在经济发展中扮演了一个至关重要的角色，其中<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最重要</span>的运送物品是人。</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机场不仅仅是一个乘飞机、参加一个在途商业会议或者购买免税商品的地方，它们是城市和地区最大的投资之一。上篇我绘制了美国城市的机场活动地理图。今天我近距离探究机场是如何影响一个城市或地区的经济增长和发展的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据John Kasarda（http://aerotropolis.com/）对机场的总结“实时性的制造和分销；酒店、娱乐、零售、会议、商贸和展览的综合体；航空旅行密集型管理人员和专业人士的办公场地”。机场和地区发展之间的密切联系已经被许多研究指出过。一个由经济学家Richard Green所做的严谨的数据研究<span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献二，请后台联系我们索取）</strong></span>发现当控制其他因素时，机场乘客会对城市客流和就业有着塑造性的增长。第二份报告<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献三，请联系我们索取）</span></strong>由经济学家Jan Bruekner所做也指出在航空旅行乘客和地区就业增长之间有紧密的联系，他们发现每增加10%的乘客在城市出行中，将会增加1%的地区就业。然而，研究还发现，机场和航班服务对知识和服务型商业的贡献比工业制造业要高。这项研究总结：“这些证据证明了一个大众观点，好的航线服务是城市经济发展的一项重要的因素”。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="color: rgb(232, 76, 32);line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">机场运送乘客比运送货物对经济发展影响更大。</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据John Kasarda和Greg Lindsay的说法，机场功能是一个新的航空城市经济发展模式，它许诺 “21世纪的航空在塑造商业区位和城市发展中的起到的作用就像20世纪的高铁、19世纪的铁路和18世纪的海港那样。”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: line-through;box-sizing: border-box;">航空运送着两类物品，货物和人。事实上，一场激烈的争辩关于机场和经济发展聚焦于运送货物中和围绕它们增长的商业和工业。但是在如今经济情况下，对那些产生和共享知识的人的运送能力更为重要。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在我Martin Prosperity研究所的同事Charlotta Mellander的帮助下，我对航空和经济之间联系有了新的认识。Mellander得出了一个基本相关分析，对比机场活动与关键地区发展指标——经济产出、收入和工资、高科技产业和创新水平、人力资本水平和知识集中、专业和创造性劳动队伍（这些多变量分析的结果只是这项大型研究<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献四、请联系我们索取）</span></strong>的一部分）。一如既往，重要的是要记住我们发现的关联不能证明因果关系，我们未考虑的其他因素可能起到同等或更大的作用。但是，他们确实为进一步的调查指明了方向。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">机场运送人比运送货物对经济发展影响更大。乘客和航班的数量与经济产出、工资和收入存在着相关。然而，我们发现货物与它们少有相关。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">航空与知识型或后工业型经济的关键特征也有着密切相关。乘客和航班的数量与大学学历的成人占比，在知识型、专业型和创意型工作岗位上工作的员工占比，尤其是高科技行业集中度相关。再次，我们发现通过城市机场运送的货物这些要素少有相关。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">当我们按人均计算衡量机场活动时，航空在人员的运送中的地位更加明晰。人均机场乘客数量与更高的城市经济产出、工资、收入以及大学毕业生比例甚至是高科技产业集中度有着密切关系。相反，人均航班数量与收入、工资或经济产出没有显著关联，与高科技产业，人力资本和创意阶层负相关。人均货运量只与人均经济产出的一个变量显着相关。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">然后，Mellander使用多变量分析来试图理清机场活动的影响以及其他关键因素对区域经济发展的影响。她首先考察了有哪些因素与有机场的城市相关。当然，人口规模是一个关键因素，但其他两个也很重要——城市的平均温度，以及其艺术和文化创意区的范围。换句话说，机场更有可能存在于更大、更温暖和更具创造性的都市中。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">接下来，她转向了机场对区域经济发展的影响。她将人均经济产出（区域生产率的标准衡量指标）作为因变量，包括机场活动以及人力资本（大学毕业生的比例）、失业率、高科技产业以及艺术和文化创意的比例、以及她分析中的其他因素。她利用人均乘客作为衡量机场活动的标准来检验以人为本的机场活动对区域生产力的影响。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">她发现这种机场活动与地区财富和生产力密切相关。她还发现人力资本水平，失业率以及艺术和文化创意水平与地区生产力显着相关，而城市规模和高科技产业则没有。看起来影响地区生产力的不是规模本身，而是规模可能有助于城市得到的东西——如机场，更高水平的人力资本以及艺术和文化创意。它真正重要的不是运送货物，而是它的运送人员的能力。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们的研究结果为Kasarda和Lindsay的航空城经济发展模式提供了更多支持。机场对城市和地区的经济增长和发展起着重要作用。在如今的知识经济中，甚至更远未来，航空运送中最宝贵的“货物”就是人。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0390625" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Ox9ufQUcUj7AtBX9kK6PNQTkuGmphT9MonFewYDYE8tQedgz1S68jJwFOxxsCsXKc7hlkNJXcVVWAIOoicScT0g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: 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class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-53202-1534475045474" style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">免费下载一览众山小提供的原文资料：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">微信公众号 后台留言<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮 Daizongliu@qq.com </p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(31, 163, 196);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、《长距离增长：全球空中链接网络的经济发展机遇》</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2930514" data-w="662" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhs1GFZ3JCnRt0ZuehKDkB48Ivgmf4rOAD7n0DN3ClKO3VN8Cr8OicUxdw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3941842" data-w="619" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhs5Qoo6IicnjqEibEK8iakjyHAT85BceAwouIEsxeLAJ7zamy5OiaBEtUpzQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1877863" data-w="655" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhscSIytYIRT5Q7LrerZgGYCkQd68Cd83NXNmZgqP1m7AeiciaHibOiayphcg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3174603" data-w="693" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsbZvDGIRkFdxMrZayia7skjc0mWqicuQmmLS1XOFibOgjyJKfuickGlgL2g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2213855" data-w="664" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhs6Wibv7feib41HicIMPN0Uvic6qKOiadpNjH6GuLpF6fAvib2kPkSJOZNunAQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(31, 163, 196);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、《机场与经济发展》</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4634551" data-w="602" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsN4NnDqEEiaTZnzr3eb4mjbULGtKgZ7Ocdk2n3FLNGenU9d1Fja51ySg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.6534091" data-w="528" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsdjVpzsicN3Md1ibykoRnCqTMy45esdOtibpCvJvWSDATPvdRB74NOiagzw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5909091" data-w="528" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsPiaRx1rZNUWavqlEkjhlyNzRxAOwy1HJJicvp7iaZbKIr0ico9aF7YDArQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.7005988" data-w="501" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsKlO5nqzBKeiamyicAnNdBNmTIjZGcx4LwjmdZdDtKIbv7vTRUnVObRXA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(31, 163, 196);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、《航线交通与城市经济发展》</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5201342" data-w="596" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsxUY6TJuK3R7BA5SbnDjPTDqwJv0FYza3u55scxgutVeGfIXROHicJtA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5400697" data-w="574" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95Bhsmyrv1ia8yiaAARuWUF4lybjZfHS2ybl7tfIibdyxNwU1k5z3N5sZQs20w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5237288" data-w="590" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhskjlHq5viahd1Cr6s1ibPJLjN0zBia86Ou8wicH7okVAVaXFYO4Aiaia8Wfiag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section 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100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.6473881" data-w="536" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsmYgJibia54XHteWyC8w62QRf6Roo3SvdycG5wEyZqfpTdNEtcajI1G9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5476603" data-w="577" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9YCvibiam0jXwQz3ibdR95BhsiaOibyOh1ExOYf0DcFqbNnxl7CfPUc5ENkMy393ckibhBqZPU9FsIibMSQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 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