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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4444444" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rR8aJWwPmTG359YQHQuibN9kp0cdzpqgN6PAkV81RCNMGZWlXms7xE6sg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(239, 70, 70);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-53202-1534475045474" style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(239, 175, 17);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 31分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(239, 70, 70);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(232, 21, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(239, 175, 17);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(239, 175, 17);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 10</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月21日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rRTW4cYX9DwySHrFmJCdjv6cviaqQWmUOBjcFvNkrPFh17SLGxVWn9hbw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rResQ7G58uEsS0iapdE9SJAvicSd8Q4e7MKCpA2oRJiatLZTE4MsIgvamtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 202, 0);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rResQ7G58uEsS0iapdE9SJAvicSd8Q4e7MKCpA2oRJiatLZTE4MsIgvamtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rResQ7G58uEsS0iapdE9SJAvicSd8Q4e7MKCpA2oRJiatLZTE4MsIgvamtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 4%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(7deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(7deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 3.2px 3.2px 8px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rR7hQaiasweX9UAzadxFq2YJh0dVGzLARPYhmKqx52K2AwiaWrCRsZNTiaw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(350deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(350deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(350deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(350deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 0.3em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rREiaNyrfelaP32VQfoOZSFOhjOBhk4unVYxFapkR3ss1K3S6Mr2IsHgA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(343deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(343deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(343deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(343deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 0.3em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="0.9962406" data-w="266" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rRFUI4SsdF8urTJn9Awc9BmWXVh8DTcPP9oAHBg4pzMqicxYhzoibBtXxQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(7deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(7deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 0.3em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rRPXGhEXicgGeib2ustwF14ibEDjOqM0pFcpU2mgV4iaCqq0fP4qwwjHpq7w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(345deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(345deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(345deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(345deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rRg64FzCbWSkHId1Qh9rTNkvb45nSMVYUbrmbLa9BtPma8IF8ptqDxRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rResQ7G58uEsS0iapdE9SJAvicSd8Q4e7MKCpA2oRJiatLZTE4MsIgvamtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 原文 |</strong> Christopher Marcinkoski  <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译 |</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;">季钧一、林中朴、王红杰、戚心怡</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;">   编辑 | </strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;">众山小</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;">     校核 |</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;">季钧一</span><span style="font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;">         </span><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;">文献 </strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;">|</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;">季钧一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;">    </span><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;">排版 |</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 张书婧        </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/     </span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rResQ7G58uEsS0iapdE9SJAvicSd8Q4e7MKCpA2oRJiatLZTE4MsIgvamtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rResQ7G58uEsS0iapdE9SJAvicSd8Q4e7MKCpA2oRJiatLZTE4MsIgvamtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rRseAPakhKIxib3V1CUTf5po3beJEevO4qvZwMfcAzTuIYncKV4wpzN8A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% -30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U4C3z9fXPswSqegqRGYHGOGUhDeANOHz3nsasZdDYYGiaSVtKTvNYGs7ty376PUoicO95NwpTLKV38DmyQu4ibwaA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 18px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(187, 68, 64);font-size: 22px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid none none;border-top-width: 1px;border-radius: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(187, 68, 64);background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/8FfFF9wtoVqObFb7dhpZzLvafX69AhQeDppVaibibOTgcdsLL47UsY2YFNdj4xQuavSCORUXMw9lERJibORTdQfNg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 1.83066%;background-attachment: scroll;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -3px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(187, 68, 64);overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(187, 68, 64);letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(187, 68, 64);letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">《经济学人》杂志近日关注了自动驾驶交通的发展，指出自动驾驶交通，道阻且长。高新技术产业界对宏大承诺的偏爱，强化了人们对自动驾驶的期待。背后支撑自动驾驶技术的机器学习算法，当下存在一定的局限性，包括驾驶技术场景迁移能力弱、无法处理未遇到过的“边缘事件”。对新鲜技术的追求，不应演化成为过分吹嘘。当下热火朝天的人工智能产业也应该冷静下来，思考自动驾驶发展带来的宝贵经验教训。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而在西方国家眼里，自动驾驶技术或许只是少数科技精英眼里的明日之星，他们万万没有想到在中国，智能网联驾驶产业已经变成了囊括汽车，交通，通信，互联网，半导体等产业在内的一个庞然大物。当欧美的头部公司近年逐渐陷入研发瓶颈时，他们一脸懵逼地看着中国各地方政府主导的智能网联测试示范区正遍地开花，惊呼中国正在此领域对欧美实现超车。但他人的吹捧并不代表我们的技术已经得到认可。从原先追赶欧美，实现弯道超车，变成如今另辟蹊径，实现变轨超车，我国智能网联驾驶所选取的技术路线背后，是对我国各相关产业技术和社会经济制度的深刻理解和认识。如何通过智能网联驾驶技术带动相关产业和经济发展，同时通过车、路、网、云等相关产业的协同智能化，加速智能网联驾驶的商业落地，是包括政府部门在内的各行各业，在今后很长时间的奋斗目标。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% -40px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-left: 10px none rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(121, 121, 121);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -80px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-left: 10px solid rgba(255, 202, 0, 0.75);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0357698" data-w="643" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3icib9QG41HQvzibtge2Gh34v9vqbJOdWzwgfcUjFm5gWIYLUEU4sfjWE5Dp7JZ7fcfcj7oDibKutUArYiaMhJTzo2w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9215938" data-w="778" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9OlHk5PFDoAKSj4NTj60rRqYkYHqzHoLfu1hvSEA7DAANNOCKhEmdoFFH751csJsB0d9aweqdUGg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 48px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1;padding: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#ffca00;box-sizing: border-box;">.</span></span><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">////// ..</span></strong></span></em></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.696" data-w="500" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YLUdVEQ8FZQiaDXF2K7FwINictxDSCGVCiaGCo2DLLVSB8V0EEUicsYUXoDaunHcdYEESpex30Cl3Lb2XPjQoEQDeA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-55599-1571578940115" style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(82, 103, 139);line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;font-family: HappyZcool;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自动驾驶，道阻且长…</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">几乎没有其他想法能像自动驾驶汽车一样激起技术专家的热情。人工智能的一个分支——机器学习技术的进步，可以让车辆利用来自现实的海量数据进行驾驶的自我学习。自动驾驶车辆驾驶得越多，收集的数据就越多，就能更好地驾驶。无人出租车——轻轻点击一个APP就可以召唤来车辆服务出行，将让买车成为过去。最重要的是，飞速运行的反应系统能极高地提升行驶安全性。车企和技术企业的老板总是说，这将是一个没有事故的世界。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自动驾驶技术即将到来。2015年，Elon Mask，特斯拉的老板，预言他的车可以在2017年前实现“完全自动驾驶”。Mask先生爱“放鸽子”是出了名的，他总是赶不上自己定的期限。但并不是他一个人拖拉。通用汽车2018年宣称，他们将在2019年推出没有方向盘的汽车。在今年9月，他们改变了主意。Waymo，谷歌旗下被视作是行业领军的企业，致力于在2018年底在凤凰城，一个他们一直在测试自动驾驶的城市，推出无人驾驶出租车服务。但这个计划最终以失败告终。这项服务仅覆盖了城市的部分区域，只有被批准的用户才能参加。凤凰城宽敞、开阔的街道是世界上最容易驾驶的环境，即使如此，Waymo仍然在方向盘前保留了安全员，以防万一。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Jim Hackett，福特公司的老板，承认工业界“高估了自动驾驶车辆的到来”。Chris Urmson，谷歌自动驾驶项目的关键人物（他在2016年离开了谷歌），曾经希望他的儿子再也不需要驾驶证。但Urmson先生现在认为自动驾驶将会在接下来30到50年内，才能姗姗来迟。工业级现在逐渐向更加渐进式的方案转变，致力于构建自动巡航技术或自动泊车技术。大批制造自动驾驶车辆的工厂，已经放弃了“零事故世界近在咫尺”的念头。市场开始变得理智。今年九月，摩根大通银行，因为Waymo技术实现的推迟，将其对Waymo的估值削减了40%，削减到了1050亿美元。换句话说，未来交通陷入了阻塞。这一定程度上也反映了高新技术产业界对宏大承诺的偏爱。但是自动驾驶依旧将注定成为人工智能的旗帜。人们在自动驾驶领域所付出的努力为世界上最先进的技术提供了宝贵的经验教训。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0390625" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ghYZwMvSDNXxLribzlw77JjrSlMQbqAfp5osBp6fXQce5XyD0EeWgGazIjkib1bq0thhEdAbXta0mqgqAyibgNNCQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 48px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1;padding: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#ffca00;box-sizing: border-box;">.</span></span><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">////// ..</span></strong></span></em></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.696" data-w="500" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YLUdVEQ8FZQiaDXF2K7FwINictxDSCGVCiaGCo2DLLVSB8V0EEUicsYUXoDaunHcdYEESpex30Cl3Lb2XPjQoEQDeA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-55599-1571578940115" style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(82, 103, 139);line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;font-family: HappyZcool;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">踩刹车</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有一点需要注意的是，尽管所有的有机器学习技术都有了长足的进步，但机器仍然不是很擅长学习。很多人类只需要几小时就可以掌握驾驶技术。Waymo的汽车已经进行了超过千万英里的测试，却依旧不够用。同时，人类一旦学会了驾驶，即使是在类似于凤凰城这样最简单的驾驶环境，只要稍微努力一下，就能将知识应用到任何地方，快速将他们的技能适应到曼谷的高峰或希腊郊区的碎石路。计算机在灵活性方面就不如人类了。AI的研究者已经开始拓展，努力寻找技术来帮助他们匹配人类这种快速学习的能力。但迄今为止，他们还没有成功。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另一个教训是机器学习系统是脆弱的。仅仅从已有的数据学习，意味着他们在从未遇到的情况下会表现得很挣扎。人类可以利用常识和快速推理来对新鲜事物进行反应。打个比方，今年八月，华盛顿州有一驾轻型飞机降落在一条繁忙的道路上，多亏了人类认知的灵活，没有人在此事件中受伤。自动驾驶车辆研究者把这类异常情形称作“边缘事件”。驾驶中充满了“边缘事件”，当然大部分“边缘事件”没有上述案例那么夸张。机器错误处理的“边缘事件”似乎已经成了部分自动驾驶死亡事故的一大原因。这个问题非常棘手，以至于一些企业（尤其是在中国），认为通过对整个城市进行改造来支持部分自动的自动驾驶车辆，可能要比制造全自动的自动驾驶车辆要容易得多。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前已形成的共识是，像大部分技术一样，当下“人工智能”的功能既强大又有限。机器学习领域最新的进展已经带来了革命性的转变。但与此同时，通过机器创造灵活、普适、类人智能的终极目标，依旧长路漫漫。我们需要区分开对新生技术的正当的兴奋和机会主义式的夸张。毫无疑问，理论上实现自动驾驶是可行的。但目前越来越强化的共识是，自动驾驶交通，道阻且长。想要指望人工智能改变行业和生活，请铭记自动驾驶的教训。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在荣华南路上行驶着的无人车看起来就像他们的美国同行：一辆辆精壮的大轿车，车顶装了一整套传感器，车厢内还塞满了计算设备。北京市政府已经将位于西南边的这一片区划为北京亦庄（Beijing-e-Town）。这也是全国日益增多的智能网联测试区中的一个例子。电子道路标志可以根据需要，将部分路段变为智能网联汽车专用。标牌上写有“国家测试道路”。测试车辆上贴满了来自诸如百度，小马和文远知行等智能网联汽车头部公司的贴纸。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多年以来，西方的车厂声称会让自动驾驶车出现在世界的每一个角落，让道路更加安全且不再拥堵。但人们发现，从计算机和管理的角度，自动驾驶问题非常棘手，人们也渐渐发现如果自动驾驶车能够大规模落地，将会首先发生在中国而不是西方国家。一众中国的企业正准备在这一过程中豪赚一笔。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这看起来不合常理。技术上看，西方国家还遥遥领先。一位中国自动驾驶公司的高层承认“每个人都在追随Waymo和Cruise”，分别提到了Alphabet（Google的控股公司）和通用汽车的子公司。单单Waymo一家的自动驾驶行驶里程就超过了所有中国无人车行驶里程的总和。自从通用收购了Cruise，这家公司已经拿到了62亿美元的投资。据一家咨询公司Insight统计，自2014年来美国的无人车公司已经得到119亿美元的投资，而中国只有44亿。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0390625" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ghYZwMvSDNXxLribzlw77JjrSlMQbqAfp5osBp6fXQce5XyD0EeWgGazIjkib1bq0thhEdAbXta0mqgqAyibgNNCQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 48px;letter-spacing: 3px;line-height: 1;padding: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#ffca00;box-sizing: border-box;">.</span></span><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(248, 202, 44) 0px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 2px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 4.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.6px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 3px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 3px 0px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">////// ..</span></strong></span></em></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.696" data-w="500" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YLUdVEQ8FZQiaDXF2K7FwINictxDSCGVCiaGCo2DLLVSB8V0EEUicsYUXoDaunHcdYEESpex30Cl3Lb2XPjQoEQDeA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-55599-1571578940115" style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(82, 103, 139);line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;font-family: HappyZcool;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国特色的智能网联汽车</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.7em solid rgb(243, 212, 185);border-left: 0.45em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.45em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管缺少能够应对混乱城市街景场景的自动驾驶软件，一些中国公司正在尝试另一种策略。他们正在尝试将街道本身改造成自动驾驶软件能够处理的模样。这种方法包括加装路侧传感器引导车辆；制定法规约束行人的通行方式；重新设计市区的景观使其对智能网联汽车更为友好；以及有争议性的，在一些难以规避的事件中减轻科技公司的法律责任。所有这些在中国推行起来，要明显比倾向自由、又热衷诉讼的西方国家更加容易。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除了无人驾驶汽车制造商以外，这同样需要其他企业的投入。移动网络运营商（如中国移动）和电信设备制造商（如华为）正致力于运用他们的技术开发相关系统，以期在未来能及时地为行驶的汽车提供帮助。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">华为希望通过其高速的5G移动网络来承担无人驾驶所需的大部分处理工作，并从中获得一大笔利润。这样一来，无人驾驶汽车公司的市场份额就更小了。但与此同时，市场本身的增长速度会更快。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">德国工程集团博世（Bosch）的冯浩（Feng Hao）指出，降低每辆车的基础设施成本将加速自动驾驶的推广。该公司向中国汽车制造商提供高科技组件。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国工业和信息化部部长苗圩在最近的一次讲话中表示，到明年，车联网市场的规模预计将达到1000亿人民币(140亿美元)。麦肯锡(McKinsey)的咨询师估计，与其它任何行业一样，14亿中国人对自动驾驶的潜在需求是巨大的，到2040年其规模将达到2万亿美元。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在自动驾驶时代全面到来之前，中国公司可能就已经取得了成功。风投基金创世伙伴资本（China Creation Ventures）的老板周炜说，他们已经从“蛙跳效应”中受益了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">酷哇机器人公司（Cowa Robot）便是他们的投资项目之一，该公司的自动环卫机器人已经获得了长沙市相关部门的订单。而估值30亿美元的地平线公司（Horizon Robotics）则为酷哇这样的公司提供专门的自动驾驶计算平台。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些公司通过让简单工作自动化来赚钱，并得以与强大的老牌公司相抗衡（如市政服务公司），这是大多数美国竞争对手无法比拟的。与此同时，由于海外无人驾驶企业在中国企业主导的合资企业中的可持有股份受到约束，这些公司得以免受海外竞争。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相较于西方同行，中国自动驾驶汽车公司还有一大优势：中国政府的大力支持。一家中国公司的主管说，“我们从政府那里得到了很大的支持”。中国政府希望这样的公司能够获得成功，并愿意为此建设基础设施，推广新技术，重塑政策。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">据中国官方媒体报道，到2025年，中国在5G领域的投入高达2200亿美元，并计划在2020年到2030年期间建设、配置无人驾驶基础设施，包括从车辆及其周围环境获取数据的电信网络设施、处理这些数据的云计算设备，以及引导车辆行驶的地图服务等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，中国政府也在推动友好型自动驾驶的标准和规范的形成。他们可以将“国家测试道路”融合进城市结构中，而不用像西方政府一样担心当地居民对此大惊小怪。“在像中国这样的权威国家，政府可以实现很多事。”加州辅助自动驾驶的地图软件公司DEEP MAP的Amer Akhtar说到。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国自动驾驶产业的道路并非一马平川。集结了不少中国科学技术的自动驾驶产业卷入了中美贸易战。在五月份，美国政府怀疑华为公司涉嫌在美存在窃听行为，美国政府禁止了所有本国公司与华为交易。10月7日，其他八家中国企业被列入黑名单，其中就包括一些为自动驾驶提供服务的计算机视觉公司。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于中国的自动驾驶技术公司，失去美国技术支持的前景是令人十分担忧的。因为中国的汽车工业严重依赖于国外那些为车辆提供动力电子设备供应商。去年，中国进口了总计3120亿美元的集成电路，是进口汽车零部件的十倍。中国的企业家们眼睁睁地看着中国无人驾驶的市场已经出现的一些有潜力的初创企业，在硅谷，却被美国法律管制。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并非每个中国无人驾驶技术的开发者都不受国外竞争者的影响。小马智行、文远知行和其他的一些公司都在持续地亏损。这样的情况也许近期都不会改变。驾驶者想要拥有自动驾驶车辆的欲望仍有待调查。约车平台的商业模式是摇摇欲坠的。在某种程度上，其未来盈利的能力取决于是否取消高昂的人力驾驶员。投资者对于那些持续亏损的公司正变得越来越不耐烦。类似Uber,它从今年五月上市以来，已经蒸发了三分之一的市值。在劳动力相对廉价的中国，软件与人类的竞争可能需要更长的时间。正如一位国际汽车公司的高管所说：“如若驾驶员的数量多过道路所能承载的容量，那么首要解决的问题便与减少驾驶员数量无关。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国对待自动驾驶的方式反映了其想要追求更广阔发展的态度：更看重基础设施建设和政府监管在自动驾驶发展中的作用。也许有一天，它会战胜西方的自治之路。中国的无人驾驶企业是否能用他们自己的能力去实现高额利润，这仍待讨论。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6638889" data-w="1080" 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