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为探索运用跨学科融合手段进行文化遗产保护与研究的教学与研究模式,由北京大学考古文博学院主办、北京分中心(以下简称“我北京中心”)、山西大学历史文化学院、中山大学旅游学院和平遥自然资源局合作,北京大学研究生院“研究生教育创新计划”与平遥城乡文化遗产保护与发展国际工作坊联合资助、成立2019年文化遗产保护联合工作坊北京大学暑期课程,于2019年7月,在山西省晋中市平遥县东泉镇东、西戈山村开展实地调研。并于9月2日-8日,参加首届平遥文化遗产国际交流周,围绕实践成果,举办专题展览和论坛。我北京中心李光涵博士,也代表工作坊团队在国际古迹遗址理事会乡土建筑与土质建筑遗产科学委员会2019年度联合会议暨“面向地方发展的乡土与土质建筑保护”国际学术研讨会的工作坊专场交流会上做总结报告。
本次工作坊集结了来自全球27所高校的46名学员,和国内外知名高校及机构单位的数十位不同学科背景的老师专家。工作坊活动分两个阶段展开:
第一阶段
专题调研
期间工作坊成员们聆听专题讲座,制定调研计划,深入东、西戈山村落考察调研,聚焦传统村落文化遗产传承与保护。
村落特写:(东)戏台
东、西戈山航拍
学科视角涵盖文化遗产保护、建筑学、历史学、社会学、旅游研究等多个领域,工作内容包括村落历史格局调研,传统建筑考察,代表性民居和公共建筑测绘,村落重要节点设计,村民社会组织、生活习俗、经济概况的社会学调研,村落的发展要素提炼及价值评估,情景规划,村落旅游产业发展可行性分析及规划建议,以及文化遗产视角下的艺术创作和纪录片拍摄等。
小组讨论与现场勘测
第二阶段
学术交流
作为平遥国际文化遗产交流周活动组成部分,2019年文化遗产保护联合工作坊北京大学联合团队的调研成果,在首届“平遥文化遗产国际交流周”上以主题展览和论坛形式亮相。
展览现场
展览主题为《平遥东、西戈山村调查与保护性发展指引暨2019年文化遗产保护联合工作坊北京大学暑期课程成果展》,分为:初见平遥、无问东西、触摸乡愁、平遥纪实四个板块,通过成果展板、VR全景、国画、雕塑作品、纪录片和摄影作品多种表现形式对本次工作坊调研成果向公众进行全方位的阐释。
舞者
论坛主题为《乡村文化遗产的跨学科实验研究与阐释》,由我北京中心张剑葳常务副主任主持。首先,由工作坊指导师生代表对平遥文化遗产保护联合工作坊的背景、理念、概况和调研成果进行了汇报,然后邀请了中央美术学院的姚璐教授、常民建筑负责人谢英俊建筑师、同济大学的邵甬教授进行主题发言,最后由杭侃教授主持主题研讨会,李耕、邵甬、王秋凡 、谢英俊、姚璐、王思渝等在场嘉宾就村落研究问题进行充分讨论。交流周活动当天还有东、西戈山的十余名村民代表莅临现场参加活动,表达了对工作坊成果的肯定。
汇报与讲座
大合影
本次工作坊是一次以跨学科联合文化遗产教学与调研为基础的探索,同时也是一次以乡村文化遗产保护为触发点的跨艺术门类创作实验,最后以“从分析到融合”的展览呈现为成果,实现对乡村文化遗产的跨学科、跨艺术实验研究与阐释。作为首届联合工作坊,在尝试跨学科交融的过程中,也遇到了一些困难,通过学员们的反馈,组织团队也就如专业融合程度、实践沟通成本、时间安排等问题上进行了反思和总结。在运用跨学科的手段来进行文化遗产保护的重要性已逐步被人们意识到,本次工作坊的探索是具有开创和引导价值的。在此基础上,文化遗产保护联合工作坊今后将在如何实现学科间一加一大于二的效果继续努力探索。
Aiming to explore an interdisciplinary integration approach to teaching and researching cultural heritage protection, the Peking University 2019 Summer Course “Cultural Heritage Conservation Collaborative Workshop” was organized and sponsored by the Peking University School of Archaeology and Museology in cooperation with Beijing, Shanxi University School of History, the Sun Yat-Sen University Tourism College and the Natural Resources Bureau of Pingyao, with joint funding from the “Graduate Education Innovation Plan” by the Graduate School of Peking University and the Pingyao International Workshop on Urban and Rural Cultural Heritage Protection and Development.
The workshop took place in July 2019 in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, with field research conducted in the East and West Geshan villages of Dongquan Town, Pingyao County.
The results of the Collaborative Workshop were showcased at the first Pingyao Cultural Heritage International Exchange Week, held from 2-8 September, through a themed forum and exhibition. Dr. Li Guanghan, Beijing, also presented its main outcome at the International Conference on “Vernacular & Earthen Architecture towards Local Development” organized by ICOMOS International Committees CIAV and ISCEAH (Cf.p.x).
The workshop brought together 46 students from 27 universities from all around the world, and dozens of teachers and experts from well-known universities and institutions from China and abroad.
The workshop activities were carried out in two phases:
First Phase
Stage in Village
Participants attended lectures, formulated research plans, and conducted investigations and surveys at East and West Geshan villages, focusing on the inheritance and protection of traditional rural cultural heritage in a multidisciplinary perspective encompassing cultural heritage conservation, architecture, history, sociology, tourism studies and other disciplines. The work included diverse aspects: surveys of the historical layout of the villages, investigation of traditional architecture, mapping of representative residential and public buildings and important village nodes; sociological surveys on villagers' social organizations, living customs, and economic profiles; value assessment, and identification of development factors; scenario planning, a feasibility analysis and planning suggestions for the development of the villages’ tourism feasibility study, as well as artistic creations and documentary filming from the perspective of cultural heritage.
Bird-eye View of East and West Geshan Villages
Group Discussion and Onsite Investigation
Second Phase
The second phase focused on academic exchanges and on the Exhibition and Forum. The theme of the exhibition was "Guidelines for the Investigation and Protective Development of Pingyao East and West Geshan Villages and Achievements of the Peking University 2019 Summer Course", and was divided into 4 sections: Encountering Pingyao, East-West Regardless, Touching Nostalgia, Documenting Pingyao; presented in the form of exhibition panels, VR panoramas, Chinese paintings, sculptures, documentaries and photographic works.
Exhibition
Dancer
The theme of the forum, hosted by Zhang Jianwei, Executive Deputy Director of Beijing, was “Interdisciplinary Experimental Research and Interpretation of Rural Cultural Heritage”. Teachers’ and students’ representatives reported on the background, concept, general situation, and research results of the 2019 Collaborative Workshop. Then, Professor Yao Wei from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, architect Xie Yingjun, head of Changmin Building Atelier, and Professor Shao Yong from Tongji University gave keynote speeches. The forum was concluded by the seminar hosted by Professor Hang Kan, where Li Geng, Shao Yong, Wang Qiufan, Xie Yingjun, Yao Wei and Wang Siwei discussed the theme of rural studies. Dozens of East and West Geshan villagers attended the event to express their support for the results achieved.
Lecture
This workshop was an exploration based on interdisciplinary teaching and research of cultural heritage; it was also a cross-genre artistic creative experiment inspired by rural cultural heritage conservation. The final exhibition presented the whole process aiming, “from analysis to integration", to realize interdisciplinary and inter-artistic experimental research and interpretation of Rural Cultural Heritage.
There is increasing attention to the application of interdisciplinary approach to protect cultural heritage, and this workshop has been a valid pioneering effort. In the future, new editions of the Workshop will continue to explore how to better achieve the multiplier effect of interdisciplinary approach.
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中文: 张剑葳、马青龙
英文:李光涵、Antonio Roberto Quiroz Soto、Simone Ricca
图片:北京分中心
编辑:叶湲原
审校:王天翔
联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心()是联合国教科文组织的二类国际机构(Category 2 Centre),是第一个在发展中国家建立的遗产保护领域的专业机构。它服务于亚太地区《世界遗产公约》缔约国及其他联合国教科文组织成员国,致力于亚太地区世界遗产的保护与发展。
联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心由北京、上海、苏州三个中心构成。上海中心(同济大学承办)主要负责文化遗产保护相关项目,包括城镇、村落保护与可持续发展、建筑/建筑群/建筑遗址保护以及文化景观保护等;北京中心(北京大学承办)主要负责自然遗产保护、考古发掘与遗址管理以及文化景观管理;苏州中心(苏州市政府承办)主要负责传统建筑技术和修复、保护材料分析以及历史园林的修复与维护。
中心轮值秘书处现设于上海,主要负责根据中心理事会确定的计划和指示,协调和指导中心工作。