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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgDckVZstibvzEYvXfXjg2OfIkDgv0xVOVxyGFb0TVl5dkHcu1y9XDic1gKzHWKjUUbkmvibj8kGA1Cw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgDckVZstibvzEYvXfXjg2OfIkDgv0xVOVxyGFb0TVl5dkHcu1y9XDic1gKzHWKjUUbkmvibj8kGA1Cw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者南京理工大学交通工程系硕士研究生钱思名，南京理工大学交通工程系副教授、硕士生导师叶茂，南京理工大学交通工程系本科生吕天泽，南京理工大学交通工程系硕士研究生陆子侯，南京理工大学交通工程系硕士研究生韩振鑫在《规划师》2019年第14期撰文，关注弱势群体是以人为本的重要内容，保障盲人等残障人士的出行环境是关爱弱势群体、体现服务均等化的重要举措。文章以盲人为研究对象，针对我国现行城市无障碍设施的规划、设计、建设、管理与盲人的实际需求不相匹配的现状，通过实地调查和盲人座谈等方式，分析城市无障碍设施设置与使用中存在的问题，结合盲人出行行为特征的分析，明确了无障碍设施规范化、精细化和智能化改善原则，提出了推行无障碍设施建设通用化与规范化、实施设计精细化与智能化、加强无障碍设施管理以及研发智能化助盲设施四个方面的改善策略和建议，为指导及完善城市无障碍设施的设计与管理提供了参考和借鉴。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 盲人；出行环境；出行特性；社区生活圈；精细化设计</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)14-0018-06</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]钱思名，叶茂，吕天泽，等．城市无障碍设施改善规划设计策略及建议[J]．规划师，2019(14)：18-23．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AhTFAj6HDBxT6K7Qb5ptvoDHzNkTYUVs8E9ktyhBQvpgptMVfQMRO10vJrnlOJt4JFOz5HPNw052812UDvXWdw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲人出行环境分析</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为掌握盲人的出行环境情况，研究<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选取南京市新街口地区和下马坊地区开</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展无障碍设施设置与使用情况调查，并</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于2018年4月份在南京市玄武区盲人协</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会的协助下，对50位盲人进行问卷调查。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调查内容包括调查区域内盲道的覆盖率、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设规范率、被占用率，以及盲道使用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">频率、盲道便利程度、是否支持盲道建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设的改进及不支持的原因等(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4212963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStlJNbobXdQRyhYt7lAckRB6uOqMPLVNImzMKU3cdwsyNAAUYWQ9YzqQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）盲道设置与利用特征</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.盲道建设规范性有待提高</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盲道设置的连续性、系统性是保障<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲人出行安全的重要因素。调查结果显</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">示，南京市新街口地区和下马坊地区盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道设置的连续性均并未达到标准要求；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调查区域内部分次干路、支路上的盲道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设未得到充分重视，盲道覆盖率不足</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">70%，盲人居住地或工作地周边道路主</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要为次干路和支路，出现了盲人无盲道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可走的现象(图2)；城市道路与公交车</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站之间的盲道设置衔接不畅，在设有盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道的公交车站中，站台盲道与城市道路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道的连通性仅为66.7%，无法有效满</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">足盲人的出行需求。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7579737" data-w="533" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStWWfaolOGpPDKWy9h0ibazZgnaDxgDW3VcmoibdIZjdSAIyK8Wn33ULCA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.盲道被占用情况严重</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据调查结果显示，盲道占用率与<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人行道宽度呈负相关，盲道被占用率与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">非机动车吸引量呈正相关，盲道处于人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行道中间时则很少被占用(图2，图3)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">盲道被占用已经成为目前盲道使用过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中最普遍、最严重的问题，主要表现为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">市政障碍与商业障碍，如路灯、报亭的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">阻挡；人为障碍物的阻挡，如自行车、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">汽车占用盲道等。盲道被占用已成为盲</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">人出行时的最大阻碍，盲人出行过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中存在安全隐患，该类问题亟待解决。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7001733" data-w="577" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStjEnfCudUEPlNfxRg2PhGiaugcp1oGlgk8KC9apKTUm5mIBGqmrqT6qg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.盲道利用率低下</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调查表明，经常使用盲道的盲人仅<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">占受访者的12%，盲道利用率很低，仅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有27% 的盲人对现有盲道建设情况表示</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">满意，大部分受访者认为盲道需要进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">改善。对于认为“盲道无用”的盲人，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当被问到如果当前盲道不存在被占用现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">象，建设连续且规范，盲道是否能够给</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行带来便利时，所有的盲人选择“盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道可以给出行带来便利”。由此可见目</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前盲道的建设与管理方面的不足，降低</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了盲道的利用率，而71%的盲道建设支</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">持率也表明了完善盲道的建设与管理已</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">经刻不容缓。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）其他无障碍导盲设施的设置特征</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无障碍设施的功能主要包括物质环<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境、信息和交流的无障碍。城市公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间导盲无障碍设施包括通行辅助类设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道、垂直电梯、扶梯等)及信号标识</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类设施(音响提示、盲文和警示信号等)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据调查，南京市新街口地区和下马</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">坊地区地铁站扶手、电梯处设置了相应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的盲文信息，但在道路交叉口、公交站</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">台处无音响提示以及警示信号等标识，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交车站未设置盲人站牌或语音提示服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务设施，导致盲人无法获取充足的出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息，阻碍了盲人出行。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AhTFAj6HDBxT6K7Qb5ptvoDHzNkTYUVs8E9ktyhBQvpgptMVfQMRO10vJrnlOJt4JFOz5HPNw052812UDvXWdw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲人出行特征分析</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调查小组于2018年4月对南京市玄<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">武区50 位盲人进行出行特征问卷调查，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问卷内容包括日均出行次数、出行距离、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行目的和出行方式，共得到了31份</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">完整的出行数据。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 盲人日均出行次数。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盲人受各方面因素的限制，难以解<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">决出行中的困难，日均出行次数均较低。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在调查中，37%的盲人日均出行次数在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1次及以下，日均出行次数为2次和3次</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的盲人分别占受访者的36% 和27%，只</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有8%的盲人日均出行次数在4次及以上。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)盲人出行范围及出行方式。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据对盲人次均出行范围的调查发<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现，单次出行距离在1km以内的出行频</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率最大，占出行总量的53%。单次出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离在1～3km 和3～5km的出行分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">别占出行总量的23% 和17%，单次出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">距离在5km以上的出行仅占出行总量的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">5%。单次出行距离为1～3km 时，盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人一般选择乘坐小汽车或者公交车；单</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">次出行距离在3km以上时，盲人主要乘</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">坐小汽车、公交或地铁。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 盲人出行目的。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据统计结果及与盲人协会的交流<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发现，盲人活动中心是盲人群体主要的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行目的地，公园、医院及工作场所也</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是盲人群体较常到达的地方。因此，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行盲道规划、布设时，需重点考虑盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人主要的出行目的地。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上可知，盲人目前的出行以近距<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">离出行为主。在盲道系统的建设中，还</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要考虑盲道与公交车站、地铁站的衔接，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站台盲道与地面盲道的位置衔接，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">引导盲人进出站的信息提示设施等。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AhTFAj6HDBxT6K7Qb5ptvoDHzNkTYUVs8E9ktyhBQvpgptMVfQMRO10vJrnlOJt4JFOz5HPNw052812UDvXWdw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">无障碍设施改善原则与规划策略</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）改善原则</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究从规划、设计和管理三方面提<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出改善原则，以提高盲人出行的连续性、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便利性和安全性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 保证无障碍设施规划的系统化。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区生活圈内的盲道应依托人行道、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交车站和地铁站进行建设，将盲道与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人行道、公交车站和地铁站等盲人出行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施作为一个系统进行考虑，同时要加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强各社区生活圈之间的衔接。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 推进无障碍设施设计的规范化、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">精细化、智能化。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在设计盲道设施时，重点考虑盲道<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的连续性、安全性、独立性和便捷性。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行业主管部门或协会等权威部门研究制</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">订无障碍导盲设施国内通用标准，全面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">实现盲道设施设计规范化。同时，为满</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">足盲人的实际需求和辅助盲人及时获取</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行信息，需对盲道及辅助设施进行精</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">细化、智能化设计。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 加强对盲人出行环境的管理，鼓<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">励盲人参与盲道等无障碍设施的规划、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计、建设与管理的全过程，提高使用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者参与无障碍设计的程度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在对盲人出行环境进行管理时，应<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高无障碍导盲设施的认可度和利用度，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时将盲人的意见反馈到无障碍设施的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划与设计中，以保证无障碍导盲设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能够切实地服务于所有使用者。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）规划策略</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.盲道建设通用化和规范化</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在进行以人为本的城市交通规划与<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计时，应重点关注去障碍化。对无障</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">碍导盲设施进行通用化和规范化建设，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应在《无障碍设计规范》(GB50763—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2012) 等既有规范提出的城市盲道设计与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">铺装规定的基础上，结合盲人的出行特</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">征与行动特性，对盲道的规划设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规范提出指引性要求。本次研究主要从</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道类型、盲道宽度与布设位置，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市道路盲道与公交站、地铁站盲道间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的衔接三方面提出盲道通用化和规范化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计要点。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在盲道类型方面，《无障碍设计规范》<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(GB50763—2012) 等规范将盲道分为行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进盲道和提示盲道两类。为更好地反馈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位置信息，建议在规范的基础上，增设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道北向砖、十字路口指示砖和人行横</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道盲道。当盲道北向砖周围铺设提示盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道时，说明在盲道北向砖右侧布设了盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路牌，盲道触感条的规格如表1所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2916667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStvuQePHoqBPibFK4eljJs18Xic50Fk6NRk5FOicvDp33ibYnc6npDx8gJicw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在盲道宽度和布设位置方面，由于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道的宽度随人行道的宽度而定，应根</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据不同等级城市不同区域人行道的宽度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对盲道宽度提出建议。大城市应根据地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">段的不同性质，规定人行道最小的宽度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为3～6m，盲道的宽度可定为400～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">600mm；中小城市人行道最小的宽度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为2～5m，盲道的宽度可定为300～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">500mm，其中社区生活圈内的盲道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宽度应适当增加(表2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.587037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStN9iawo02rxDEibntY12hyPQwq7xMH22AzxticJTDqx81WD60qY13QlL6A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市道路盲道与公交、地铁站换乘<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方面，《无障碍设计规范》(GB50763—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2012) 等规范对公交车站的盲道设施的位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置、连续性和盲文站牌的设置提出了要求，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但未对地铁站盲道提出建设标准。研究认</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为地铁站盲道布置应符合以下规定：地铁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站出入口、无障碍电梯出入口处应设置提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">示盲道；扶梯处以及距每段台阶与坡道的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">起点与终点250～500mm处应设提示</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道，提示盲道长度应与坡道、梯道相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对应；当人行道中设有盲道系统时，人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行道盲道应与地铁站的盲道相连接；地铁</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">站与地铁站之间的盲道应相互连接。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.音响交通信号设置与盲文说明</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 音响交通信号的设置。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">常规的可视信号在盲人通行时起不<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到应有的作用，因此必须采用音响提示装</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置或信号来完成导向。例如，可在社区生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活圈行人繁忙的路口、盲人集中区域的路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">口设置过街音响或可提示信号灯，提示盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人过街；在公交车站设置语音提示设施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 盲文说明的建设。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在现实生活中，盲人大多通过触摸<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">来获取指引。因此，可在公交车站设导盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路牌，导盲路牌建议布设在公交站台中间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高度宜距地面1.4～1.5m，以方便盲人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的使用；地铁站扶手、无障碍电梯等处应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设盲文说明。此外，还可在医院、厕所等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地点以及盲人活动聚集区的路边设置导盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路牌与指示砖，以便盲人获取周边环境、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道路坡度等方面的提示信息。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）盲道精细化设计指引</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.感知盲道设计</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盲人对方向、位置及周边环境的感<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">知能力较弱，对盲道的感知性要求较高。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为明确方向、告知盲人其所处方位及提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高盲人对周边环境的感知能力，研究根</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">据现有盲道路砖以其表面现有条形和圆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点形的特征来反映不同信息的特点，提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出了“感知盲道”的优化设计思路。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盲人利用脚感无法分辨太多图形，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此研究在现有的条形盲道砖和圆点形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道砖的基础上，提出增加十字形盲道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">砖和三角形盲道砖(表3)。当指北特征</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标记盲道砖周围铺设有圆点形盲道砖时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">说明有指北特征标记的盲道右侧有“导</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲路牌”，可以获取盲人所处方位、周</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边环境和道路坡度等提示信息。感知盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道改善了现有导盲设施的不足，能较好</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地为盲人导盲，且极易实施普及，使用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">简单，是一种理想的新型盲道(图4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3555556" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStOJIZIdgjJAicdxXjD6a2icc5yAjoq46L2gIXAeC6w6fJqWvyx7yNYRZQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8811881" data-w="505" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStIFHPAnydZQs0SnyaO53Nrt7MjsbUWb2oleiaoYuXhp7f0pIGou2WtAg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.道路开口及交叉口盲道设计</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针对目前盲道在市政道路开口以及<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">交叉口处中断而失去引导的问题，研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">借鉴日本设置盲人过街设施的经验，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提出了人行横道盲道的优化设计思路。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">即在社区生活圈内沿街街坊、单位出入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">口的人行横道中间位置设置盲道，既可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以提高室外盲道的连续性，也能促使汽</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">车减速让行，提高盲人过街的安全性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人行横道上盲道的设置综合人行横</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道和盲道的特点及要求，为保证非机动车</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辆的正常行驶，应将盲道设置在人行横道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中间区域。人行横道上盲道宽度与城市道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路盲道的宽度建议保持一致，人行横道盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道上圆点的高度为2mm(提示盲道圆点</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的高度一般为4mm，为减少对行驶车辆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的影响，人行横道上盲道圆点的高度应相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对较低)(图5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7516779" data-w="596" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStuQEAX3QutbQ5BoTDyFSugRZEgDynZZeOIMd7qdlM768jgckt4nYxCA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.公交车站盲道衔接改善</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针对目前公交车站盲道与城市道路<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道之间连续性不高的问题，研究认为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以通过沿侧分带设置公交站台、沿人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行横道设置公交站台(站台高于人行横</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道)两种设置形式将盲道引入公交站台区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域(图6，图7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0415879" data-w="529" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStouq8eFrqNst0DVk2sBCia7iarpSogQMnxIvz51Op4ykicXCCjvZldcLgw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.5181058" data-w="359" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStxGokEJcDR8BqZNmXz1oCh5ftHxRmagocI9vdlVE8XwusCE6wAnmdvQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">沿人行道设置的公交站台除设置行<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进盲道、候车区提示盲道和缘石坡道等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外，还增加了导盲路牌指示砖与导盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路牌。沿侧分带设置的公交站台增加了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导盲路牌指示砖与导盲路牌、人行横道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道，为盲人提供换乘信息并加强公交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">车站盲道与人行道盲道之间的衔接。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）盲道设施管理改善</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.盲道设施管理维护</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盲道设施的管理维护对于盲道的后<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">续使用至关重要。为更好地保障盲道等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">无障碍设施的使用，应成立专门的组织</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机构，全过程参与盲道的规划设计、建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设与日常管理维护。该组织机构可由残</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疾人管理部门、盲人协会及公众代表等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">组成。同时，还应配备专业的管理人员</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和技术人员，指导无障碍环境建设，加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">强对无障碍设施的管理和维护。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除组建专门的组织机构外，应制定<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">严格的盲道设施管理规定，并强化惩戒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">措施。对于不按照相关要求进行盲道设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计与施工的组织或个体，破坏、占用盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道的组织或个体，应在规定的时间内进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行整改，如整改不达标，则可以对其进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行处罚。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.增加盲道系统标识</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为给盲人之外的其他行人提供警示，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可增加盲道系统标识。例如，在社区生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活圈行进盲道上像在车行道上一样，每</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">隔一处标注“盲道不可侵占”的字样，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提醒行人不侵占盲道；增加标识系统的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应用，使标识系统更好地在“形、色、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">质”方面提高其他行人对盲道的认知度；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于人行道宽度较窄，不适宜设置行进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲道的区域，建议设置关爱标识，鼓励</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行人帮助盲人通行。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.加强社会服务与公众参与</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以盲人为主体的无障碍设施规划、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计、建设与管理，是提高无障碍导盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施建设科学性与人文关怀的重要体现，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有助于提升盲人出行的愉悦感。收集盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人对设施建设的反馈意见是保障盲人更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方便地使用设施的关键。因此，在设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">无障碍公共交通设施之前，可以让设计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">者扮演成盲人来体会他们的日常生活，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以便更好地理解盲人，更加细致地进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计。同时，也可以邀请盲人全程参与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导盲无障碍设施的规划、设计、建设和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">验收等环节，及时提供反馈意见，以提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">升导盲无障碍设施的服务能力。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）助盲设施智能化设计</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着信息化与智能化的发展，盲人<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行的智能化辅助设施得到关注与研究，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相继出现了智能盲杖、带有导盲功能的智</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能手机等多样化的智能化助盲设施，在一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定程度上提升了盲人出行的便捷性和安全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性。研究对助盲设施进行了改进，并提出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了一些新的思路。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以盲人地铁出行为例，研究提出了<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于盲道电子标签的智能化助盲系统。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盲人使用智能盲杖及智能手机，与盲道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提示点处的电子标签互动，根据手机播</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">放的语音提示引导，可独立完成地铁出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行。基于盲道电子标签的助盲设施系统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分为盲道电子标签(RFID标签)、智能盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">杖装置及智能手机APP三个部分(图8)。<span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">该系统通过在盲道的提示盲砖处设置盲</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">道电子标签（RFID 标签），构建盲道提</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">示信息网，利用安装在智能盲杖装置上</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">的适配器读取电子标签信息，并通过蓝</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">牙传送标签信息给手机APP；手机APP</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">及时处理收到的标签信息，解析数据帧</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">后查找数据库，并利用TTS语音合成系</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">统生成并播放语音提示，从而为盲人在</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;">地铁出行中提供导航服务。</span></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4751958" data-w="383" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgaib6Do5J0s0KcRlibCvDYStcGoWA4egX6X8WEGYk4Mha7CGKfX937nSUdW9tdicic5FKYaF5ic6ic1ictg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">另外，为实时提供出行信息，改善</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">盲人出行环境，研究人员还设计了智能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化的导盲眼镜。智能导盲眼镜包括双目</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">采集、GPS定位、语音播报、GSM短信、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">语音通话和无线传输六大核心功能模块。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">该智能导盲眼镜不仅能对盲人的独立出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行进行实时语音导航，在特殊情况下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">盲人还可以通过智能眼镜上的触发按键，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">使用导盲眼镜的GPS、GSM短信和语音</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">通话等功能及时向亲朋好友获取帮助。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">智能导盲眼镜还具有图像识别能力，能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">帮助盲人进行简易物品归类，在一定程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">度上也使盲人的生活自理能力得以提升。</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AhTFAj6HDBxT6K7Qb5ptvoDHzNkTYUVs8E9ktyhBQvpgptMVfQMRO10vJrnlOJt4JFOz5HPNw052812UDvXWdw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在以人为本、关注弱势群体发展的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要求下，城市盲人等残障人士的出行环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">已经引起不同层面的关注。在当前城市盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道等无障碍设施规划、设计、建设与管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理各个阶段都存在不同程度的问题的背景</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">下，研究结合实地调查，以盲人出行环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与出行行为特性分析为基础，引入社区生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活圈的概念，提出规范化、精细化和智能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化的无障碍设施设计原则，从无障碍导盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施建设通用化和规范化、无障碍导盲设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施设计精细化和智能化、加强无障碍导盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施管理、研发智能化助盲设施四个方面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对盲人出行提出了相应的改善策略与建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">议。通过研究，希望为我国城市盲道等无</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">障碍设施规划、设计、建设与管理提供参</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">考和借鉴，以期为盲人提供更为安全、连</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">续、便捷和可靠的人性化出行环境，让盲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人不再在出行时感到困惑与不安，真正体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现以人为本。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AhTFAj6HDBxT6K7Qb5ptvoDHzNkTYUVs8E9ktyhBQvpgptMVfQMRO10vJrnlOJt4JFOz5HPNw052812UDvXWdw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年14期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市无障碍设施改善规划设计策略及建议</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年14期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: 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style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" 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middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3037037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgDckVZstibvzEYvXfXjg2Ofnbpcgkwib9ol1UiaofibFkF2esAcHPjlsAMO6hFrUzKIn5jbWxaWlNlOw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgDckVZstibvzEYvXfXjg2Of8RJC6xGZxTAf5HswIJ9NicTCVL5TEXvxHEmNjOZf5Hxb5MKPiatic1ib4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 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