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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhqibq8PrRm1AwLicZYRYhsP1tRicTduyfgbs3eHic7gd5yydz9YUA2ks7OJnw7RV4errpTxGtCV1Em9A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhqibq8PrRm1AwLicZYRYhsP1tRicTduyfgbs3eHic7gd5yydz9YUA2ks7OJnw7RV4errpTxGtCV1Em9A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室博士研究生郑舰，华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室教授、博士生导师王国光在《规划师》2019年第15期撰文，传统街区的微气候环境对城市生活品质起着不可忽视的作用。文章基于Envi-met软件技术和微气候评价方法的支撑，对肇庆包公府传统街区城市更新3 个备选方案的微气候环境进行数值模拟，分析比选出较优方案，针对该方案的局部空间改进提出优化方案，并再次进行优化方案微气候环境数值模拟，验证改善效果。在此基础上，文章初步构建起通过微气候环境模拟评价优化城市更新方案的技术路线，为设计初期方案推敲与评估、后期方案审核提供微气候环境指标借鉴。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 微气候；传统街区；热舒适性评价；城市更新；Envi-met 软件</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)15-0079-08</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984.16　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">郑舰，王国光．传统街区更新中微气候环境模拟应用与方案优化——以肇庆包公府街区为例[J]．规划师，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2019(15)：79-86．</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于微气候环境模拟与评价的</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统街区更新技术方案</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）模拟方法</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市微气候又称城市近地面的风热<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境，是发生在大气层下垫面至城市地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面以上垂直空间中的气象活动，通常限</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定于垂直高度为1.5～2.0m、水平尺度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为1000m范围内的近地气层。目前用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于城市微气候模拟的方法主要包括遥感</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影像反演和软件模拟分析两类，前者适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用于城市建成区现状微气候评价，后者</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">常用于城市设计方案量化评价。本文使</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用的软件Envi-met 4.0是一款比较成熟的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">三维非流体静力学模型软件，被广泛应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用于不同地区城市微气候环境的模拟研</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">究。该软件能够比较精准地建立街区尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度的建筑、土壤(下垫面覆盖)、水体和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">植被模型，将复杂的城市三维空间转化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为矩形模型，内部还可以模拟太阳辐射</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和风速。该软件在模型中分别放置若干</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个监控点来读取微气候数据，其在高温、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高湿、低风速气象条件下模拟结果的准</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">确性也被多项研究证实(图1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5462963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVyGv2LOFrFqyGyDI2umJPrfjc7C64T2UYuyV1NNeaaIEJKA7mAp9N1Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该软件主要由Area Input File Editor、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Configuration File Editor、计算核心及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Leonardo 四部分组成。Area Input File </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Editor 的主要功能是建立可靠的运算模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型，在实际操作中一般将研究对象的平</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面图导入其中，然后根据研究对象的尺</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度大小确定每个微矩形模型在X、Y、Z</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">轴上的单元长度，单个网格尺度分辨率</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设置为0.5～10m，将用地内的建筑形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态、植被形态与水体等要素输入模型中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生成完整的Envi-met 模型图。在实际建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模过程中，既要把握住影响研究对象微</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">气候环境的重要因素(如主要建筑物形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态上是否有架空处理，研究对象内部是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">否有高密度的树木或面积较大的水体)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">又要精简不必要的模型细节，否则模型</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形态过于复杂，会导致计算中途数据溢</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出等问题。该软件计算最大限制格网数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为250×250×30，如果研究对象的整体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">模型过大就要采取分区域模拟的方式。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Configuration File Editor的功能是将已经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生成的模型设置好相应的边界条件和计</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">算条件，使得模型的外部环境能反映其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所在地的气候。对于传统街区尺度的微</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">气候环境，大多选取典型气象日当天的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">逐时气象数据作为模拟参数，有些选取</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">极端气象日数据(如最高温度日) 作为模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">拟参数。计算核心的主要功能是将设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置好各种条件的模型文件进行模拟运算</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并输出结果数据文件，包括温度、风速、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湿度、辐射及污染物的系统计算和输出。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Leonardo是用来观察模型运算结果的可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">视化工具，主要功能是将抽象的数据结</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">论转化为方便观察与分析的二维图像或</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">三维模型。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）评估指标</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合夏季湿热地区的风热环境和人<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体舒适性的研究，本文选用的模拟评价</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指标包括最高风速、平均风速、静风区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面积占比、风速不均匀系数、高温区面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积占比、温度不均匀系数、预测平均投</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">票数PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) 极值区间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和平均值、热感级数、人体舒适度SSD</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等指标。平均风速越大，说明城市街</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区通风效能越高，风热环境效果较好。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风速不均匀系数反映各测点值在中心位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置的波动情况，风速不均匀系数越大，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">说明区域内风速或温度分布越不均匀。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">反之，风速不均匀系数越小，说明区域</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">内风速或分布越均匀。参考多地城市风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">热评估技术指南中相关条文规定：室外</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平均热岛强度高于1.5℃或温度大于30℃</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的区域称为高温区，风速低于0.6m/s的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域称为静风区。静风区面积占比越大，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高温区面积占比越高，说明街区通风效</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能越低，热舒适性就越差。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人体舒适度指数(SSD)是由气温(t)、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对湿度(f)和风速(v)3个气象要素集成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的非线性方程SSD=(1.818t+18.18)(0.88</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">+0.002f)+(t-32)/(45-t)-3.2v+18.2。人体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">舒适度指数在59～70(0 级) 范围内人体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">感觉最为舒适，最可接受。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">预测平均投票数(PMV) 是从气象角<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度来评价在不同气候条件下人体的舒适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">感，是根据人体与大气环境之间的热交</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">换而制定的生物气象指标，PMV 夏季热</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">舒适域是-0.5～0.5。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）优化框架</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文遵循传统街区更新方案优化的<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题识别性思路，优化框架从多方案比</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">选和初步方案局部调整两个层面对研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域进行两轮微气候环境模拟，得出温</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度、风速和相对湿度等数值分布情况，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">再进一步分析得出热舒适区域范围。优</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化框架包括五方面内容：①传统街区更</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新的多方案生成与比较，包括微气候环</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">境比较模拟评价( 对温度、风速和相对湿</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度等进行整体模拟评价)及各类公共空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心监测点舒适度分析评价两方面内容；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">②方案比选与初步方案局部分析；③初</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">步方案局部微气候环境优化；④局部优</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化效果验证，即优化前后微气候环境模</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">拟对比；⑤确定最终方案，提供决策实</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施的依据(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5527778" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVNsicFgCm2SpRrzEiaNlQZ4WNQZqO8r3NWjLBwPJDZ1ibHMyALbxG6BpxA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包公府传统街区城市更新方案</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）街区现状</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广东肇庆包公府发端于宋初康定元<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年(公元1040年)，包拯在此任端州知府，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">期间重视城市建设，大兴土木，建州衙</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包公府，筑土城墙等。明清时期在肇庆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设置两广总督府，城市建设向西扩展。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以“两府”为中心，肇庆府城进入鼎盛时期，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面积约为40hm2，西侧的包公府街区和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">东侧的两广总督府街区各20hm2，其中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包公府府衙遗址范围北至古城墙、南至</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城中路、西侧至清太里巷，街区内尚有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">省级文物保护单位丽谯楼、止戈亭等。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">街区现状主要用地是居住用地、公共管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理和公共服务设施用地及商住混合用地，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有历史街巷府前街，保留着传统商业、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住和生活习俗等多元化的场景环境，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑风格鲜明：有骑楼、竹筒屋、洋楼、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">古建筑和现代建筑等，极具发展旅游服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务、生活居住、特色商贸的潜力，是典</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型的传统街区。街区在总规中被定位为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市中心“宜居、宜游、宜商的传统风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">貌区和双府文化旅游核心区”。街区现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">状建筑密集，通风较差，近年来其原有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分散式小尺度城市肌理被局部大体量高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">层建筑模式取代，环境质量下降，居民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外迁，城市活力衰败，其功能和风貌与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">历史地段极不相称，亟待更新改造(图3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3925926" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVGLJibI0icUVmNey2sJibAEXZhicLeYjGpqrVEuPzBv8JfAYDX7ysY06Tlg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）城市更新方案生成</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与一般的旧城更新不同，传统街区<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新主要针对失去特色甚至没落的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市公共空间，对功能、文化和空间形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态三大属性进行更新改造，以实现街区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">复兴。包公府是古代府署建筑群布局的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">代表，文化价值极高。根据明、清时期</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《肇庆府志》关于标准署衙建筑平面的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文字描述，其建筑格局遵循中轴线对称、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前堂后宅、左文右武的传统礼制思想，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体上看是一个有主次轴线的建筑群落，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主体建筑包括大堂、二堂和三堂(知府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅)，居于中轴线上，中间甬道相连通。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中轴线从南往北布局6个院落空间：</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">照壁、大门、八字墙组成了府衙的第一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个院落空间，开敞的公共性前导空间；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大门与仪门之间是府衙的第二个院落空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间；通过仪门，由左右厢房与大堂构成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了第三个院落空间—大堂院落；大堂后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的寅恭门、二堂及其东西厢房围成了二</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">堂院落，是第四个院落空间；二堂与内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅门之间是第五个院落空间；穿过内宅</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">门，由三堂及其东西厢房围成了三堂院</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">落—第六个院落空间，形成完整的中轴</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">线形制——“三堂六院”。中轴线东西两</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">侧分别布置行政、文化和司法等职能，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">各类廨舍井然有序。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本次城市更新按照明清代《肇庆地<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方志》中的城池图和文字记述，依据中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国传统空间意象与空间经验理论，恢复</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府衙中轴线上的古建筑群，两侧留出维</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">护包公府尺度与核心关系的保护空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成“一主两次”的纵向轴线，即由南</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">往北形成“南薰门—府前广场—丽谯楼—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包公府衙—披云楼”的主轴线，东西两侧</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">辅以商业和园林两条次轴线，以此烘托</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主轴线，串联起周边的府前街、城中路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等历史街巷，恢复古城衙署的空间意象。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）更新方案比较</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包公府府衙遗址地段城市更新充分<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尊重原来建筑形制和建筑群体组合设计，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">按照基本模型，采用不同面宽进深比、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">改变中轴线上正堂建筑高度比、正堂与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">厢屋高度比及轴线布局方式，提出3个</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新方案。3个更新方案的庭院空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">面宽W与进深L的比都接近1，正堂H1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与前后堂H2 的建筑高度比分别为1.2、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.4、1.6，正房H1 与两侧厢房的高度比</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为1.2、1.3、1.4。这种合院建筑形式可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以同时满足我国北方夏季通风与冬季防</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风保暖的要求，但是否有利于肇庆府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城营造最佳风热环境，尚待模拟实验验</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">证。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据多种广场形态在不同尺度下对<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">人体舒适性的影响，广场面积在 5001～</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">50000m2之间舒适性最好的是正方形广</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场；广场面积在500～5000m2之间舒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适性最好的是长方形广场；一般圆形广场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与梯形广场的舒适性比三角形广场的舒适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性好。针对府前广场的更新改造，本</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文提出的3个广场设计方案的面积基本</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一致，大约为5000m2，但对广场形态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的设计各不相同：方案1是矩形广场、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方案2是向西南的椭圆形广场、方案3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是向东南的椭圆形广场。3个府前广场方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案的绿化率和铺装材料与面积基本相同，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是在植物配置与水体空间布置方面的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计方案不尽相同(图4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7580838" data-w="835" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVuEX7IsYe10WLKHhwASFFnN1eGq9QEqIbRHfDAFdrUXJx4uIgs2jjfA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包公府传统街区城市更新方案优化</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）传统街区建模与参数设置</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文根据包公府街区的面积(20hm2)、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现状建筑高度(2～17层) 和控规中建筑</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">限高(≤ 60m)，设置Envi-met 模型网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">格分辨率为dx=dy=dz=3m，最下层的垂</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">直网格拆分为5个相等大小的小网格，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">以保证人体高度层模拟精度，并在模型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中分别放置10个监控点( 传感器)。监</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">控点布置既兼顾街区边缘与中心，又兼</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">顾室外空间的不同类型，其中室外空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">类型分为公园绿地、公共广场、半公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间、滨水空间、步行空间和车行空间6</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">种互不交叉重叠的类型，监控点分别</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">布置在室外各类公共空间的中心。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">模拟参数设置是基于肇庆府城气象</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">站近30年观测资料统计分析得出的典型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">气象日数据，以夏季6～8月各气象参</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">数平均值作为参照，选定2015年6月</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">22日作为典型气象日。模拟开始时间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">为上午5：00，模拟总时长为24 小时，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">主导风向为135° ( 东南向)，10m 高空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的风速为3.0m/s，初始气温为20.5℃，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">2m高空的相对湿度为85%，2500m</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">高空的比湿为18.74g/kg，太阳能输入调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">整系数为1。根据上述参数，建立包公府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">传统街区现状和比选方案的Envi-met模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">型(图5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7717004" data-w="841" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVLs9xHj6o01r2SezCiaRsX1ORyY5uwGrW2nWnsPsL0Pkb1WgXTVFGjeA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）整体方案比选</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.基于风热场模拟的整体方案比选</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分别提取各方案行人高度处(1.5m<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">水平截面) 的温度、风速和相对湿度等在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">典型气象日不同时间点的数值模拟图进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行比较分析，限于篇幅本文只列出当天</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最热时间点14：00的温度、风速和相对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">湿度数值模拟图(图6)。①从风环境看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">3个比选方案的平均风速均达1.6 m/s，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与现状对比都有明显改善，对于府前广场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地段的平均风速，方案1明显高于方案</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、方案3。②从热环境看，下午14：00</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的高温区面积(大于30℃区域) 以方案3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最大，其次是方案2，方案1最小，说明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方案1 的热环境相对较好。③对微气候</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">进行综合评价，与现状相比3个方案的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">微气候都有明显改善，但方案1改善效</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">果最好，其次是方案2 和方案3。其原因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">可能是方案1包公府庭院空间大小适当，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">围合适度。基于整体风热场模拟与评价，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">说明传统街区更新方案1 的基本模型参</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">数W/L＝1、H1/H2＝1.4、H1/h=1.6 较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">合理，建筑外墙遮阳既降低了太阳辐射，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">又阻挡了南向热气流直接进入建筑群内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">部。虽然方案2、方案3中包公府的庭院</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间较大，建筑密度较小，但其城市更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">新基本模型参数W/L、H1/H2、H1/h组</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">合欠佳，南向入口过度开敞，建筑群庭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">院空间通风虽然得到改善，但外部热风</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">也更易进入建筑群庭院内部，反而导致</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方案2、方案3庭院内温度较高。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7278107" data-w="845" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVsLRGJIibiaTh0dzqvnx4b4CMtNNe5KRJm6ZFVLVEkstFRyYDwRFgJ0AA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.基于舒适度的整体方案比选</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分别提取3个方案中10个不同类<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型公共空间中心监控点的温度、风速和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对湿度等数值，计算各监控点的舒适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度指数SSD，其整体变化趋势如图7所</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">示：上午6：00各方案的舒适度指数值</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都较理想，所有监控点都在70以下，说</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明此时室外各类公共空间都是舒适(0级)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的；到上午10：00部分监测点的舒适度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指数高于75，说明街区微气候逐步变得</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">令人不舒适；随着这种变化趋势不断加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">剧，直到下午14：00 达到高峰，这时现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">状所有监控点的舒适度指数都高于75，3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">个方案所有监控点的舒适度指数都在70</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">～77，整体上都处于温暖(1级)，少数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">监控点偏热(2级)。14：00后舒适度指</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数开始逐步回落，舒适度趋好；到下午</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">18：00 只有少数监控点的舒适度指数高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">于75，大部分已在75 以下。进一步对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">14：00的3个方案所有监控点进行逐一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">比较发现，方案1 所有监控点的舒适度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">指数均低于方案2、方案3 中对应的监控</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">点，说明方案1 整体舒适度优于方案2、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方案3。综合整体风热场和舒适度比较，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方案1 的微气候环境优于方案2、方案3。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9138418" data-w="708" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVPqJvBG0BctM81pkPTv6qu4XO98cXUeFHVtJiaCqqcovJbnfKxnA4ibNw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）初步方案的局部调整</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.局部的风热环境问题</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然整体上看方案1的微气候环境<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优于其他两个方案，但方案1仍然存在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部分低风速区域(R2、R4)、高温区域(R5)</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和舒适度欠佳区域(R2、R7、R8、R10)，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部分监控点所在位置舒适度指数接近阈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值75，说明方案1作为拟推荐的初步方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">案，风热环境还存在优化潜力。主要原</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因可能是：R2、R4所在地段建筑密度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大，其临城中路沿街有大体量高层商业</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑直接阻挡东南方向来风，正面形成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风压区，背面形成静风区；临近府前街</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的R7、R8、R10所在地段，因为围合式</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑较多，且在府前街东北—西南向地段</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大部分是实体建筑，沿街界面连续封闭，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">加之受南部城墙阻挡，通透性较差；R5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所在的府前广场，3个方案中绿化树种选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">择、乔木布置欠妥，缺乏清凉铺装材质，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局部地段因此温度偏高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针对岭南老街线性延展、前市后居、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">街区内建筑群密集的特点，对初步方案</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的局部调整以公共空间改造为切入点，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适量抽空拥挤建筑群，对总计7 处单元场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地(R2、R3、R4、R5、R7、R8、R10) 进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局部微创式优化，打通通向府前街的出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风口（图8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5557143" data-w="700" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVe1AQJYCSJNBJqysQtVBY08QK9GRZibtlKibCCs7MxJ3ZTlaMPU7NtHRA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.针对风环境的局部调整</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">R7、R8地段呈围合式封闭的建筑群<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是具有历史价值的特色民居，场地中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">局部拆除破旧建筑形成内部公共空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对西北方向临府前街的建筑进行局部架</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空或拆除处理，打通与府前街联系的出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风口，形成长街短巷式通风格局。东南</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">方向(上风处) 在人民路上进行局部架空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">或拆除，打开一个进风口，引导风掠过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整个内庭院，增加R7、R8单元建筑群内</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部的通透性。R10地段因内部长期加建，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成连续成片的封闭式建筑群，根据该</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域的形状，调整设计尽可能保留界面</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">骑楼建筑，逐步拆除内部加建建筑，形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成内向U型空间，既提供停车、绿化、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区服务等高品质生活配套设施，又营</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">造风道缓存区。U型空间东西向两条长</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边作为街区风道，在U型空间顶部则形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成风道缓存区，改善周围建筑通风条件。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对R3围墙式样进行调整，在原有实体墙</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的基础上添加漏窗，部分墙段改造成通</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">透镂空式廊道，改善包公府内部的通风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效能。对R2周边高层建筑底层做架空处</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理，附近环城墙内侧绿化乔木改为高杆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">树种，提升环城墙内侧带状公园的通风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效能。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.针对热环境的局部调整</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于R5地段存在面积较大的公共露<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">天广场，地表温度较高，在开阔的府前</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">广场两侧增植高大乔木，提供林下空间，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时将原来树种换成叶密度指数更高的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">树种。增加R3绿地面积与乔木数量，将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">包公府庭院内外原树种换成叶密度指数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">更高的树种，提高郁闭度，可降温增湿。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时，在R5广场增加多孔透水性铺装，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">减少硬质铺装，保证雨水渗入土壤，补</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">充地下水以增加蒸发，实现热环境自我</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调节。R10在U 型风道空间的主风向入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">口处增加了一处面积较大的景观水体，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时在该区域的公共广场上增植叶密度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指数更高的树种，一方面改善公共空间的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体景观，另一方面改善街区内部热环境。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）优化效果验证</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了验证传统街区局部优化效果，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同样通过对优化前后的风热环境进行对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">比分析，在建立Envi-met模型时，采用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相同网格分辨率、相同模拟日期、相同</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">初始条件和计算模拟时间，得出优化以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">后微气候因素数值模拟图，对优化前后</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效果进行对比分析(图9，图10)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6095506" data-w="712" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBV7QPEoc2p5qjibDWsm8JPcmGwjUEKPVsB28lK6Gq3D8P5Ujr748zOeSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4590395" data-w="708" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjlsUcvtwIqbgdarrVxQnBVD8jxs1B2JyjIwBE4eXz8cU4iaKxplnIiawCdO1PrfcX6kKXQQD8RsmOA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，从提取的温度模拟分布图看，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">高温区范围有一定程度的收缩，特别是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对R2、R4、R5、R7、R8、R10 地段进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优化后，平均温度下降了0.5℃，府前广</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">场(R5) 局部温度下降了1.0℃。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，从风速对比分析看，整体范<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">围内风速有改善趋势，静风区面积减少，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优化后平均风速提升了0.15～0.45m/s，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">特别是在图9中4个圈内建筑组团的风</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">速明显提升，平均风速提升0.6 m/s，提</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">取监控点数据进行统计分析发现，温度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和风速不均衡系数变小。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">再次，提取监控点的预测平均投票<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数PMV，初步方案PMV 值为1.46～2.41，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平均值是1.93，即大部分地区处于偏热</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境；调整优化后PMV 值为0.95～1.97，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">平均值是1.49，即大部分地区处于温暖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境。对比现状、初步方案和优化方案</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中各监控点的数值，舒适度指数由2级</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">改善为1级，部分到达0级范围内，显</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">示热舒适度明显改善(表1)。进一步将预</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">测平均投票数PMV 和热舒适度指数SSD</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行叠加分析，发现相对较舒适范围(深</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿色区域) 明显扩大。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，对比A-A、B-B剖面数值图，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优化前后R2、R3、R5等地段垂直方向上</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的温度降低了0.5℃～0.7℃，近地面变</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化略大而冠层变化稍小；优化前后R4、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">R7、R8、R10地段垂直方向上风速提升0.2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">～ 0.4m/s，近地面变化略小而冠层变化</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">稍大。通过上述模拟数值对比显示，经</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过局部建筑和绿化景观优化，风热环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">呈现立体式改善效果。</span></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">肇庆府城是典型的岭南传统街区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现状人体舒适度普遍较差，存在较大改</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进空间。在包公府传统街区城市更新过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">程中引入风热环境模拟环节，一方面进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行多方案比选寻优，另一方面明确局部</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调整的重点地段和优化方向，从而减少</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新预期的不确定性。以公共空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为切入点，进行局部更新优化，对传统</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">街区改善人体热舒适度的效果显著，具</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体策略可以应用于岭南湿热地区乃至我</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国夏热冬暖地区的传统街区更新实践中。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">针对此类传统街区更新项目，可考虑将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">微气候模拟评估标准应用于方案的推敲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与评估阶段；在方案审核阶段，相应数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值模拟结果可以纳入传统街区更新的法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定图则、城市设计导则等法定文本中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便于决策者和设计师预先明确城市环境</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">改善可达到的指标参量。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年15期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>传统街区更新中微气候环境模拟应用与方案优化——以肇庆包公府街区为例<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年15期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】从“互联互通”到“直连直通”——新型城镇化背景下枢纽与城市空间的耦合关系研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】完整出行链视角下的“直连直通”城乡公交体系规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】城乡公交一体化建设的实施困境与应对策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】城乡公交一体化的衔接模式与规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛5】广州轨道交通站点公交一体化衔接规划设计实例</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/6A0lA7iaOcRNg3W9hQdRwdiaYBFbuv8n4ykichWFWT5dNEqp4G0FSV0crJGOLlM6CKHPupNQsvzibvzdJgCZpOr2cQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.605042" data-w="357" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miabP2tDO38HoHornnUwEroYPZTWcsMKalNhD3G5VrxLohlN6B2jLzCGiaUG327QAnOUXSfAX5Q1s1w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miabP2tDO38HoHornnUwEroYCaYIp7u6XibS8qP01TdwkO1miabPFoAXZJictOVJj4tCF1DXf5sjH7qhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section>
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