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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCWKib6ZjwRjhVOhD3cj10iaV6c3GmT6Rz46Q3Ge1tdbdcQLsw5nicKHEwQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCWKib6ZjwRjhVOhD3cj10iaV6c3GmT6Rz46Q3Ge1tdbdcQLsw5nicKHEwQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者云南大学建筑与规划学院硕士研究生田金欢，云南大学建筑与规划学院教授李志英，昆明市规划设计研究院周昕，云南大学建筑与规划学院硕士研究生李晨晨、陈宁歆在《规划师》2019年第16期撰文，文章以昆明市为例，基于空间结构导向的公共设施配置理念，通过空间句法与GIS 网络分析法挖掘昆明市空间结构由点状—块状—轴线—圈层—双中心的演变规律，并结合现状服务边界，以及居住用地、建成区与其的对比分析，得出昆明市公共设施存在的问题，进而分层、分类、分级地提出公共设施的优化建议，以及构建良好空间结构、与道路和产业规划协调、实施服务边界管理的策略。</p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 城市服务边界；公共设施；配置；昆明市</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)16-0011-06</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984.14　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">田金欢，李志英， 周昕，等．城市服务边界划定下的昆明市公共设施配置建议[J]．规划师，2019(16)：11-16，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">29．</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究范围与方法</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）研究范围</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究范围为昆明市中心城区，根据<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《昆明市总体规划修编(2011—2020年)》，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市中心城区范围包含五华区、盘龙</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区和官渡区的全部行政辖区范围；西山</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的主城二环路以内地区和福海、前卫、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">马街、碧鸡4个街道办事处；呈贡区的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">乌龙、洛羊、龙城、斗南、吴家营、雨花、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大渔、马金铺8 个街道办事处，总面积</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为1722km2。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）研究方法</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">①应用空间句法研究昆明市城市<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间结构与发展方向；②划定昆明现状</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">USB，得到现状公共设施的服务范围，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">找出公共设施存在的问题，结合城市空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间结构确定的城市建设重点，引导公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施的优化和新建，细化公共设施的配</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置类型、等级和规模等。本研究选取网</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">络分析法与空间句法结合的方法划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">USB，既考虑公共设施使用者的行为选择，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">又考虑公共设施的可达性。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市城市空间结构与发展方向</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间句法分析对于经由漫长的历史<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">演化过程发展起来的城市更为有效。昆</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">明市的城市发展经历了漫长的自组织演</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化过程，因此采用空间句法的特征值来</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">解析城市空间结构特征及其演变，并与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">不同年代的规划图进行对比，可实现找</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出城市空间结构发展的规律、预测城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展方向和指导公共设施建设的目的。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从表1可以看出：清末，围绕城墙</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的道路集成度值高，表明城墙边是市民</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最容易到达的地方，表达出市民强烈的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对外交流欲望，城墙成为城市内外交流</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的阻碍，而点状发展也到达极致；20世</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">纪30年代，正义路、武成路、光华街和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">威远街的集成度值大，可达性高，在其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">附近出现城市中心，城市将沿着这些道</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">路扩展为块状；20世纪60年代，南北</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向的北京路，东西向的大观路、金碧路</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和东风路构成了城市发展的主要脉络，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市有向外迅速扩张的潜质；20世纪80</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">年代，城市发展的脉络愈加明显，南北</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向的北京路、东西向的人民路和东风路、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">东北向的穿金路、引领城市轴向发展；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在20世纪90年代后期的局部集成度图</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中，轴向的发展仍然在局部进行，而在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全局集成度图中，环状的圈层趋势已十</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分明显，且东部偏东南方向是城市建设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的重点方向；21世纪初，局部集成度图</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">显示在中心城区的东南方向，呈贡新区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成为另一个城市中心，其建设强度高于</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心城区。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1587302" data-w="630" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCE4SS5wh4Gapic0wPicjiam3MwJMKe04VDvufeEbWsULJx0OqrU34yKNnw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上，空间句法很好地拟合了昆明<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市各个历史时期空间结构的发展特征，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">较为准确地预测了城市的发展方向。因</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此，可以通过2012年昆明市现状道路的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">句法全局集成度值预测昆明市公共设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设的方向。从多中心扩展期的全局集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成度图中可以看出，昆明市城市建设的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重点方向在主城东向，因此新建公共设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施的投入重点在此区域。整体上，公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施配置应在优化主城服务设施分布的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">前提下，使城市公共服务向主城外扩散，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重点建设主城东南与呈贡新区连接的区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">域及南北市区，最终实现分层完善。局</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">部范围内应深入推进呈贡新区的公共设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施建设，围绕呈贡新区教育、经济、国</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">际行政、商贸、生物产业和物流等功能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">定位完善服务设施，同时做好居住配套</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施的建设，使作为城市副中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心的呈贡新区尽快形成双中心空间结构。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市城市服务边界与问题分析</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）昆明市USB 划定</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文以昆明市中心城区为研究对象，<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以教育、医疗、商业、文体、公园、行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政、社会保障和市政八大类公共设施为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究内容，共调研幼儿园、小学、初高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中、社区卫生所(站)、社区医院、综合</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">医院、专科医院、大型超市、购物商场、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">百货中心、农贸市场、文化站、展览馆、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图书馆、体育馆、运动场、市级公园、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居住区公园、广场、街道办、居委会、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">派出所、邮局、邮政支局、垃圾中转站</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和敬老院26 小类、4134个公共设施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究利用空间句法和网络分析法相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合的方法，综合各类规范中公共设施的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务半径(表2)，建立昆明各类公共设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的服务边界及综合设施服务边界图(图1，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.1175858" data-w="961" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCmToIibXNdx9xy55uArr022CPk1D9MqrtiavwaiaKcEB6yanEIYw5axPqA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.745283" data-w="636" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrC9orLuZRJdel13mU3qRibUVgdb8wkhmEibnOTJBY8tso3YKmMkpadfTJQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4433962" data-w="318" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCH8mA8hbH8e0YnRz6FIwHGMo2mo1mYPaRnJibBHapC6LvQxvQrKW23dw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）问题分析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.设施数量不足</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在GIS中统计各类服务设施边界优<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化前后的面积、覆盖居住用地的面积及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖建成区的面积，将服务边界的服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效能数字化(表3)，从表中可知在研究</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的众多公共设施中，对居住区和建成区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖率在60%以上的仅有高中、超市、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">医院和文化类设施4 种，且覆盖率最高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的文化类设施也不过73%，公厕、居委</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会、派出所、幼儿园和菜市场的居住服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务率更是低于40%，公厕、居委会、派</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出所、菜市场及幼儿园的建成区服务率低</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于45%。由此可见，昆明市公共设施的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设速度严重滞后于居住区和建成区的拓</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展速度。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5475444" data-w="957" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCmU8Pw8mLib9aoUhecM7QNxdv8wQCibk9hWsVW4EYfboOqu6qSTIqMw5Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.服务效能差</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从融合后的服务面积与优化后的服<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务面积两列数据(图3) 可以看出，除了</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化、体育、初中和高中在经过服务半</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">径优化后，服务面积有较大的增加，其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他公共设施服务面积均小于网络分析法</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">计算出的服务区融合面积，表明昆明市公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共设施的实际服务半径小于规范规定的服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务半径，即公共设施的服务能力弱。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5293185" data-w="631" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCd6FiaSEWXuIcDr6YiaEtm90F0IZ6S3jUkAVicalWz6E4AlViajvDzy6pwQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.布局不均匀</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从图4看，中心城区的公共设施服<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务等级最高，自中心城区向新城向周边</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务的等级逐渐降低。如果将2 种及以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">下的服务设施覆盖的范围确定为现状公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共服务的缺乏区，3～4种服务设施覆盖</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的范围确定为低效服务区，5～7种服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施覆盖的范围确定为规划引导服务区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全部服务设施覆盖的范围确定为高效服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务区。如此，则可以将图4服务范围数</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">字化如表4所示。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.45625" data-w="320" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCGOicLwzuoRP6bAlP1zCzglktSjHGYQhdQkC0icvQDymkCMTgtMUCaFpQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.2323391" data-w="637" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCdaRCWbwAM6qY2hXaf0fSia8p0HLJSxL9zH7W59noFl43mpPoCNmHNdA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市USB内的高效服务区面积比<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">率仅为35.81%，而低效服务区和缺乏区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的面积比率高达54.4%。高效服务区在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心城区的三环范围内及官渡区世纪城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">集中分布，缺乏区和低效服务区围绕高</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效服务区及中心城区东南方向连绵分布，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时在中心城区外围零星分布，由此可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">见昆明市公共设施的空间布局存在严重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的不均匀现象。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.发展不均衡</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市各区的相关数据统计如表5<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所示，从设施数量与居住面积的比值可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以看出昆明市服务设施的投入、建设力</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度及相对重视程度。昆明市各区发展不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均衡，且大体被分为三类：西山区、五</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">华区、盘龙区及官渡区属于高投入、早</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展、高度重视的第一类，经开区、呈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">贡区及海埂片区属于正在大力投入和发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">展、已经高度重视的第二类，航空新城、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大渔片区及晋宁片区属于正在规划投入</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和发展、相对重视不足的第三类。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5274725" data-w="637" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCGmYyBfg87YthX4nQO7biaO4zzaYibrKWE17KGP9DfmPOXz9HR3JpeNyQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5.分布不均质</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以教育类中的初高中为例，昆明市<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优质的初高中资源主要集中在五华区、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">盘龙区、西山区和官渡区相接的地方，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">且呈较为集中的分布状态。虽然教育类</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施的居住区覆盖率达到65%以上，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是优质资源对居民的吸引力更强，其服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的公平性不再体现在服务设施的覆盖上，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而是体现在选择等质量资源的公平上。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）昆明服务设施总体评价</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从各类公共设施服务范围覆盖建成<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区和居住区的面积及重叠率(表6) 看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市仅少数公共设施的发展较为合理，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大多数公共设施的发展不合理。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3154671" data-w="653" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrC5BEAewnic3ACyT0DlRibRmGtKfrXdrWTBdY3HuKDv9A054MFu4Lfflew/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">昆明市公共设施优化配置建议</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）分层配置</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分层原则重在配置的时序，因为公<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共设施的配置不可能做到全方位、全类</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型的均等化，尤其是在政府的公共资源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供给能力有限的情况下。另外，也不是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">将公共资源无限度地投入到各种公共设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施的建设中，就能获得最大的社会效益。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因此，本着提高公共设施使用效率和充</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分发挥设施社会效益的原则，应顺应整</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体空间结构发展方向配置新建公共设施，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时顺应局部空间发展方向优化现状公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共设施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从USB 服务等级图(图4) 中可以看<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">出，主城的公共设施服务等级最高，自</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">主城向新城、自主城向周边服务等级逐</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">渐降低。因此，新建公共设施应该从服</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">务等级低的区域向高的区域配置，而优</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化公共设施应当从服务等级高的区域向</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">低的区域发展。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）分类配置</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究将八类公共设施按照服务范围<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的分布状态分为四类：文体类，公园类，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市政与商业类，行政、社会保障、医疗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和教育类。文体类公共设施的服务范围</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">呈连续状，且基本覆盖建成区；公园类</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设施连续程度低，在中心城区和新城之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间呈跳跃状；市政和商业类设施分布连</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">续，但是仅在主城内布局完善；行政、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会保障、医疗、教育类设施的服务范</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">围覆盖了中心城区和呈贡新区核心地带。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">文体类公共设施中的文化类设施分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">布位置较为合理，但服务重叠率高，其</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务半径可适当减小；体育类设施与文</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化类设施有很大的互补性，为改善中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城区东南部连片的体育设施缺乏区，应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">加强对新亚洲体育城、大渔片区及海埂</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体育训练基地优质体育资源的优化；对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于中心城区周边的片状缺乏区，可通过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高附近大学的体育类设施综合利用、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">开放程度来改善，而对于北市区和航空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">新城及两区域外点状体育设施缺乏区，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应新增体育类设施(图5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.460815" data-w="319" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrC67Jr0MlTTVPd9iaLFIDHvpOcicdMglRiaibD5wmDEv9lAVoabPkiadmXohg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公园类公共设施的服务范围在连接<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中心城区与新城的世纪城和南市区处断</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裂，因此在该处完善公园类公共设施成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为当务之急。但公园类设施需要独特的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资源禀赋，对于缺乏大面积绿化和生态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">资源的城市建设用地而言，可通过完善</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社区公园，建设区域生态廊道—组团生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态廊道—城市绿道串联起区域绿地，形</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成网络化的公园空间布局，提高公园的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共性、可达性及可选择性，满足城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">居民多样性的绿地使用需求；对于中心</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城区北部和中心城区与航空新城连接处，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可以结合丰富的自然景观资源，建设郊</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">野公园、森林公园和城郊生态旅游休闲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公园等，以满足附近居民的休闲需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市政和商业类设施在中心城区外的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展较为落后，因为市政设施与城市建</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">设的时序密切相关，商业设施在市场的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">作用下，与区域活力和城市要素集聚程</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度有关，所以在市政和商业设施发展中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应顺应城市空间结构发展需求，推行城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市多中心建设，政府首先应增大对新区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的道路、给排水、燃气、通讯和垃圾处</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理等设施的投入，增加新区吸引力，促</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进城乡要素的合理流动，其次在市场作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用下逐步完善新区的商业设施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">医疗、教育、行政及社会保障类设<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施边界都基本覆盖主要建成区，但是在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">具体的建设中还应区别对待：医疗设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的服务重叠率高，可见优质医疗资源的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分布较为集中，这必然会造成就医困难、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成本增加等问题。因此，在基本保持医</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疗设施总量的情况下，增加对中心城区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">周边医疗设施的投入，促进优秀医生之</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的交流，提高医疗设施的完善度、知</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">名度和吸引力。教育类设施中的初中在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">布局上较为合理，但是总量上稍有不足，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应在呈贡、经开区和三环东部设立新的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">初中；高中从生均占地指标看，远超过</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">国家平均指标，而其主要问题为分布不</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">均，故今后应重在对现有高中教育资源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行重新分配；幼儿园和小学存在服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">半径较小、规模小的问题，且主要分布</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在中心城区外，今后应加强新建居住区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和居住小区的教育配套建设，并不断完</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">善局部道路，提高教育设施的可达性。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行政和社会保障类设施中的公厕、居委</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">会和派出所都属于实质性缺乏的公共设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施，因此今后应围绕居住区、社区和街</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">道办不断完善该类设施的供给。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）分级配置</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分级原则旨在通过公共设施的配置<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等级来确定公共设施的建设，虽然配置</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等级的分类多有不同，但是整体上可分</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为三级，即全域—市级—村镇，市级又可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">细化为区级—居住地区级—居住区级—居</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">住小区级，村镇级可细化为镇级—办事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">处级—村级。公共设施三级结构的划分，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">分别在整体和局部影响公共设施的配置。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）USB引导公共设施建设要点</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.构建良好的空间结构</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构建合理的城市空间结构，能够使<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市从长期发展中受益，如哥本哈根的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">指状结构、新加坡的环形结构及斯德哥</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尔摩的组团状结构等。稳定的城市空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">结构能够减少公共设施配置的浪费，明</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">确公共设施的建设方向就明确了城市的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设重点和发展次序。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另外，良好的空间结构对公共设施<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的可达性影响较大，可达性的大小同时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">影响着公共设施的服务半径和服务范围，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">优质的公共设施容易在中心城区集中，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">正是因为其明显的中心地位，而村镇地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区分散的空间结构特点影响了公共设</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施的便捷性，进而造成设施规模不足，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从而影响服务水平。因此，构建良好的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间结构是实现公共设施均等化的重要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">途径。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共设施规划与道路规划、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">产业规划协调</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明确了公共设施的发展方向，继而<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">就需要在确定公共设施类型、规模和等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">级的基础上确保公共设施的服务质量，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">也就是可达性。可达性与设施所处的位</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">置(如距离较近道路的等级、所处位置的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能分区等方面) 有关，因此在总体规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中公共设施规划应该与道路规划和产业</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划协调考虑，使公共设施的布局更加</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">科学合理。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）USB管理建议</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 赋予USB 法律地位。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市增长边界研究在我国已经提到<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了法律层面，但是并未明确相应的技术</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划和管理方法保障，故造成规划、行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政等相关人员缺乏对USB的认识，其地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">位难以得到保障。所以为了避免USB管</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">理出现同样的问题，需要将USB纳入现</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">行规划管理体系中，确保巩固USB在总</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体规划中的地位，并明确USB的作用，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">制定USB专项规划，用以指导公共设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">布局，并在控制性详细规划中实施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 注重USB 的动态性。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市总体规划纲要阶段，结合<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划区范围、城市建成区范围、人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">口规模增长趋势、自然生态条件、资源</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">禀赋和城市经济基础等诸多因素，划定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">USB，并作为中心城区规划的依据，将</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其作为一条不可突破的“刚性”边界；</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在中心城区规划阶段，USB是城市总体</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划20年内所确立的中心城区公共服务</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">边界线，是城市管理的依据，并将此作</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为一条可依据城市发展背景变化而适当</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">调整的“弹性”边界。</span></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究结合我国公共设施存在的诸多</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题，顺应公共设施均等化、公平发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的要求，提出通过空间结构和公共设施</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">服务边界引导公共设施建设的理念，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现状理论研究的基础上，通过量化、可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">视化的研究方法提出公共设施建设的新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">思路。USB“弹性”属性强调的是城市空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间调控的过程，社会的发展并不是静止的，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">它总是随着时间的不断推移而产生经济、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">技术和环境等方面的变化，所以USB的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范围并不是一个静态的产物，它也随着</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会的不断发展趋于完善，不变的只有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务均等化的目标，体现USB的动态可变性。而最终决定权不应完全放任给市场机制，应由政府、企业和公众三者协调商定。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年16期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市服务边界划定下的昆明市公共设施配置建议</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年16期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: 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rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】从“互联互通”到“直连直通”——新型城镇化背景下枢纽与城市空间的耦合关系研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】完整出行链视角下的“直连直通”城乡公交体系规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】城乡公交一体化建设的实施困境与应对策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】城乡公交一体化的衔接模式与规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛5】广州轨道交通站点公交一体化衔接规划设计实例</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/a7CFXDtAqmcRxX8rdku3y6J2zHIa6Lf50yIkxiaICSZZlX4PZibSSPO008W0cLU3vC1HDN5R2NNMggibeHtBb17pQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.605042" data-w="357" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCHflVicTkpsV3dnBKx48mJyqOvwS4dicHpgL2L0ICLiaPXmnM0C6oFP9gg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhkp5hHLvSUrqb9yg7bwUrCRWvqOSMWSAGqcNECsX3fib1ZPosvdRMCWicicr3y8PoENaMg4pefE8GLw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section>
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