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<p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWATnFricicjicHtvE9ibHP4jYfC3bsWs9HVUj2Is0bddiaiazL2tf7nEQL15MvTHZ7oEWdjfIZibUthqzicMg/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(253, 130, 81);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-shadow: white 1px 1px, white 1px -1px, white -1px 1px, white -1px -1px, white 0px 1px, white 0px -1px, white 1px 0px, white -1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;padding: 5px;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(255, 212, 186) 0%, rgb(255, 171, 118) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);line-height: 2.2;letter-spacing: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">项目背景</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p>“二元社会结构”的背景条件与“以
市场为导向”的快速经济发展引发了跨区域的人口流动大潮；大规模的人口流动改变了基本公共服务对象的空间分布，同时具有非制度性和往返流动的特征，造成了基本公共服务需求的周期性和不稳定性特
征。这使得计划经济时期下逐步形成的、
相对稳定的基本公共服务供给制度难以满足当前快速变化和不断增长的基本公共服务需求。在乡村地区基本公共服务的供需矛盾尤为显现 : 大规模的农村人口转移使得许多农村聚居点出现了“空心化”现象，
“留守老人”、“留守儿童”等问题十分突出。公共服务筹资渠道的减少和人口结构变化使得农村地区、尤其是偏远贫困地区的一些公共服务项目的供给严重不足，甚至难以为继。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWATnFricicjicHtvE9ibHP4jYfC3bsWs9HVUj2Is0bddiaiazL2tf7nEQL15MvTHZ7oEWdjfIZibUthqzicMg/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(253, 130, 81);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-shadow: white 1px 1px, white 1px -1px, white -1px 1px, white -1px -1px, white 0px 1px, white 0px -1px, white 1px 0px, white -1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;padding: 5px;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(255, 212, 186) 0%, rgb(255, 171, 118) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);line-height: 2.2;letter-spacing: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究思路与内容</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p>城乡基本公共服务和设施配置状况是由供给制度与现实需求共同决定的，经济社会的快速发展和大规模的人口流动，深刻改变了我国城乡的人口分布状况及既有的公共服务格局；长期以来逐步形成的、相对稳定的基本公共服务供给制度尤其难以满足当前快速变化的社会需求。因此研究以“人口流动”为切入点来探讨当前城乡基本公共服务和设施配置中的供需矛盾及其形成机制。研究沿着“制度梳理－宏观数据分析－案例研究”的路线，对新时期城乡基本公共服务和设施配置进行了“由宏观至微观”、由“一般至典型”的实证研究，并基于实证研究结论提出基本公共服务政策调整的思路和设施配置优化的空间路径。</p><p><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.48515625" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWACxlfvPEBnuFXOREickgnXsBkUlPW1ibcMTkZneSKPsSCTKhRP25OXSa4AvuDdicHXMs7BVJCfTic1Dg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">研究框架设计</span></p><p><br  /></p><p>首先, 对公共服务理论渊源进行梳理，从供给目标、供给规模、供给的政府间关系、空间布局和供给模式上对公共服务供给理论进行全面分析。同时基于对我国户籍制度和人口流动特征分析、人口流动与公共服务的国际经验、国内研究，归纳人口流动对基本公共服务需求的影响。</p><p><br  /></p><p>其次，在公共服务供需理论分析的基础上，对建国以后基本公共服务的制度安排与发展演进进行了梳理，并运用宏观统计数据对2000-2012 年城市和乡村基本公共服务供需的总体特征进行分析。分析着重于回答在人口大规模流动的作用下，基本公共服务供需在总量层面、城乡结构层面、尤其在人口流动高比例地区存在什么样的演变历程和显著特征。</p><p><br  /></p><p>然后，基于全国层面统计数据分析，选择具有典型特征的人口流出／流入地区，进行深入案例研究。以人口流动为线索，考察在人口流动的两端所呈现出的人口和社会经济特征、基本公共服务财政责任关系和基本公共服务设施供给和利用特征; 以案例研究来深入考察并阐述现阶段我国城乡基本公共服务设施配置中的实际运行机制与逻辑。</p><p><br  /></p><p>最后，在宏观分析与案例深入研究的基础上，对人口流动作用下基本公共服务和设施配置的供需矛盾进行剖析，“自上而下”的供给决策与“自下而上”的选择导致的需求转变是供需矛盾的根源，进而系统探讨和提出新时期城乡基本公共服务制度的改革思路和设施优化配置的空间路径。</p><p><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E4LhH9HickWATnFricicjicHtvE9ibHP4jYfC3bsWs9HVUj2Is0bddiaiazL2tf7nEQL15MvTHZ7oEWdjfIZibUthqzicMg/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 24px;color: rgb(253, 130, 81);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-shadow: white 1px 1px, white 1px -1px, white -1px 1px, white -1px -1px, white 0px 1px, white 0px -1px, white 1px 0px, white -1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;padding: 5px;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(255, 212, 186) 0%, rgb(255, 171, 118) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);line-height: 2.2;letter-spacing: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究创新</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p><br  /></p><p>1、以人口流动为线索，将人口流出地区和流入地区联系起来，在统一、连续的研究框架下调研和辨析公共服务设施供需关系所发生的变化与矛盾，从而获得较为完整和全面的认识。关于人口流动对于公共服务设施配置的影响，已有研究主要集中在人口流入地区或者人口流出地区，缺乏对于两类地区公共服务供需关联性的研究。本文将人口流出／流入地区公共服务供需视为城乡基本公共服务链的两端，全面了解人口流动过程对城乡基本公共服务体系产生的连续性影响，并综合分析人口流动各环节公共服务供给政策与最终设施利用行为的互动关系。</p><p><br  /></p><p>2、 以全国宏观数据分析和典型案例地区实证研究相结合。全面展现了当前我国城乡基本公共服务和设施配置的供需整体状况，并深入探究和揭示了城乡基本公共服务和设施配置中的运行机制与逻辑。详实的数据分析和深入的个案分析揭示了“自上而下”的基本公共服务供给决策过程和“自下而上”的选择所导致的需求转变是我国新时期城乡基本公共服务供需矛盾的根源，供需矛盾集中体现在规模及品质、空间分布、供需弹性三个方面。</p><p><br  /></p><p>3、提出新时期城乡基本公共服务的制度亟待改革的观点。研究指出权衡公平与效率、清晰界定政府与市场的角色分工是制度改革的核心，并且将制度改革落实到空间规划上，对基本公共服务设施配置优化的空间路径提出了若干新见解。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">编制单位</p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">同济大学建筑与城市规划学院、上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">编制人员</p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">赵民、邵琳、张捷、黎威</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">编制时间</p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">2014 年 01 月 -  2016 年 10 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