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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section><p style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages __bg_gif" data-backh="96" data-backw="400" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbOMAS9G0uAeibrAmbQmLT6pLTdBiaJiadER0KB145KfWP3d5xLy0fGs94sZAHqDJhfZNDtnvCamcjfA/?wx_fmt=gif" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="654" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="157" data-ratio="0.2378716744913928" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbOMAS9G0uAeibrAmbQmLT6p67KeOpamoyOeKsZQRNSArXfjlGVicJ2eX96Ye7ibjNAHCet3T09u9HvQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="639" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 654px !important;height: auto !important;"  /><br  /></p><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93662" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 5px 5px 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(151, 228, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;margin-left: -3px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(175, 178, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-width="100%" style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 667px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(13, 10, 10);border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 1em 0.8em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">全文共</span><strong style="font-size: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">5890</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">字，阅读大约需要<span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>15</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">分钟</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">“十三五”时期是我国实现控制温室气体排放行动目标的关键时期。党的十九大报告要求推进绿色发展，建立健全绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式。《“十三五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》提出要开展近零碳城镇示范项目建设，零碳发展由此成为新时期生态文明建设的核心目标之一。</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohYUeFchQXMHCib4jnVofZic0u1VSF2ibloxE8KHRBwCreiaAS6w9OKrPibibzo2l863t0twTpBT2jHfxuaA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="360" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">“近零碳排放”是介于低碳排放和零碳排放之间的低碳发展阶段，而“近零碳城镇”则是综合利用各种低碳技术、方法和手段，最大限度地减少温室气体排放的环保型城镇，是升级版的低碳城市。</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">本文重点探讨近零碳城镇的理论内涵、规划设计方法和建设路径，探索形成一套全领域、全要素、全过程的低碳规划设计优化技术，为近零碳城镇的设计、建设与运营提供技术支撑。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 10px;max-width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -20px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(151, 228, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;margin-left: -3px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(175, 178, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: right;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> | 城市发展研究中心 </span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">郑泽爽 丁俊</span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">一</strong><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">近零碳城镇的理论探讨</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></span></strong></section><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">近零碳城镇的概念</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">城市（镇）是一个复杂的巨系统，城市系统内部的碳过程与自然生态系统大不相同。据研究，人类排放碳总量的78%～97%来自城市。城市的碳排和碳汇涉及空间布局、产业发展、交通发展、建筑布局、能源利用、绿色市政、碳汇建设等多方面的内容。近零碳排放和近零碳城镇是近些年出现的新兴理念，是低碳的升级版，指城镇温室气体的输入、转化和输出达到平衡。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">目前，国内外学者对于近零碳排放和近零碳城镇均没有形成统一规范的定义，但也形成了一定的共识。低碳排放是零碳排放的过程，零碳排放是低碳排放的目标，而近零碳排放则是处在两者之间且更加接近零碳排放的一种状态。近零碳城镇是最大限度地减少温室气体排放的环保型城镇，是低碳城市的一种理想状态，城市碳排放量与自身碳吸收能力之间的平衡状态成为“零碳”或碳中和。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.4416403785488959" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohZvTs3HNxBOZSmbALc2DzRU8ibAnVSL61Dk7JxVHvKKrB9Yck0CWeDdNGzTp2wFrxmKfUHYVfmedqg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1268" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">注：图片来源于广东省低碳生态和绿色城区规划编制指引</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图1 城市碳排放系统模型</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">近零碳城镇的建设路径</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">近零碳城镇建设是低碳城市建设的高层次目标，关于如何打造低碳乃至近零碳城镇，不同学者强调的出发点略有不同。Jenny Crawford、顾朝林等强调城市规划作用，认为低碳城市规划将成为碳减排的关键技术，并可以从产业、居民生活和交通三个部分来减少碳排放。冯会会等循环经济学者认为低碳城市减少的路径主要包括提高产业能效、开发可再生能源、生活垃圾资源化等。付允等认为近零碳排放的实施路径可以概括为减源、增汇、贡献零碳能源三种途径。减源，即减少源头排放的温室气体，通过优化产业结构加快技术引进力度，促进落后产能淘汰进程，在低碳转型的基础上完成近零碳排放升级。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">增汇与减源相对应，主要采取固碳技术，包括生物固碳和物理固碳。贡献零碳能源路径是指可再生能源禀赋优越的地区，利用区域内的风能、太阳能等资源发电，为国家提供接近甚至多于化石能源消费的零碳能源供给量。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">总体来看，近零碳城镇是指基于现有低碳试点工作基础、涵盖多领域低碳技术成果，在工业、建筑、交通、能源、农业、林业、废弃物处理等领域综合利用各种低碳技术、方法和手段，以及增加森林碳汇、购买自愿减排量等碳中和机制减少碳排放，使得在指定评价范围内的温室气体排放量逐步趋近于零并最终实现绿色低碳发展的综合性示范工程。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"><strong>二</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">国内外近零碳城镇建设经验</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">当前，低碳生态城市规划和建设已逐渐成为城市发展的主流，我国也广泛开展了大量低碳城市建设试点，如国家住房和城乡建设部开展了绿色生态示范城区、绿色低碳重点小城镇建设，国家发改委开展了低碳城市试点、国家循环经济示范城市（县）建设，国家环保部开展了国家生态市、国家生态文明建设示范区建设等，但是国内外开展近零碳城镇建设探索的为数不多。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">国外近零碳城镇建设的探索以丹麦哥本哈根市和阿联酋马斯达尔市为代表，国内则以上海崇明东滩生态城为代表。丹麦哥本哈根是全球低碳经济的领先者，其出台的《哥本哈根2025年气候规划》提出将哥本哈根建设成为世界上第一个二氧化碳零排放城市和全球气候之都。阿联酋为减少对化石燃料的严重依赖，提出了建设马斯达尔城的设想，目标是建成全球首个“零碳城”和世界级清洁技术研发基地。上海崇明东滩生态城位于我国第三大岛屿崇明岛，建设目标是真正零碳和可持续的城市，将生态足迹降到最低（表1）。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">从国内外相关研究及实践来看，城镇近零碳发展趋势可归为以下四点：<strong>一是</strong>可再生能源的使用对于实现城镇近零碳目标至关重要，近零碳城镇需要加大对太阳能、风能以及生物质能等可再生能源的运用；<strong>二是</strong>规划设计对后续建设运营阶段的碳排放起决定作用，近零碳城镇在规划设计阶段要充分考虑项目所在地的环境、气候、光照以及风向等自然因素，用多种低碳技术来减少项目的能源消耗，如被动式设计及主动式系统的应用；<strong>三是</strong>在城镇领域开展试点建设对近零碳排放推广起到试金石的作用，以试点项目的建设效果为借鉴，充分考虑各类“零碳”技术的经济性与可推广性；<strong>四是</strong>政府引导和政策措施对推广近零碳城镇起到重要作用，如对“零碳”技术的推广、示范项目的资金支持等。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表1 国内外近零碳城镇的建设经验总结</span><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.2373540856031129" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYRAnFTtV0Chiam81jjric5kJjqcPDEdwEaKIv0XibWZOrQe0xjtsTNb6iaUkXoib8HlsVRdILC0NF60FQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="514" style="height: auto !important;"  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">三</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">未来近零碳城镇的发展趋势</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">从“零碳城镇”的内涵及定义可以看出，零碳城镇建设是由组成城镇功能的各个系统的节能化、环保化实现的，是通过零碳交通、零碳建筑、零碳能源、零碳产业、零碳设施的建设最终造就的。另外，零碳城镇建设也是一个复杂的系统工程，但也更有条件通过碳中和机制实现近零碳排放。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">城镇空间布局</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">城镇空间布局的系统性强，涉及面广，未来的近零碳发展主要是在现有的低碳城镇技术基础上，以形态结构、土地利用为重点，塑造近零碳城镇的系统格局和框架。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">一是控制与保护区域型结构性绿地廊道，划定生态控制线，约束城市建设总体规模，在技术和政策上相对成熟，减碳成效也较为显著；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">二是强化城市的结构框架和中心体系，塑造整体结构与紧凑形态；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">三是结合TOD（公共交通导向）理念，促进土地与交通一体化发展；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">四是促进土地使用功能的有效混合，确保就业与居住之间的相对平衡。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">目前这些技术已基本成熟，其系统性也都较强，虽然直接减碳成效一般，但是通过其作用于城镇其他方面的间接减碳成效显著。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">能源供应体系</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">自工业革命以来，日益增长的能源消费给地球资源和环境带来越来越大的威胁，也引发了气候变化的全球生态危机。传统的以化石能源为支柱的能源体系和经济发展模式已难以为继，能源技术的低碳化转型是大势所趋。一方面要大力发展新能源和可再生能源，改善能源结构，降低化石能源的比例，促进可再生能源成为新增能源供应的主力能源。另一方面应构建高效、清洁、低碳的智慧能源互联网，通过优化能源供给网络推动能源消费的绿色低碳发展，最终建立起以新能源和可再生能源为主体的新型能源体系，取代当前以化石能源为主体的高排放和高碳能源体系，从而实现经济社会与资源环境的协调和可持续发展。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">产业低碳发展</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">随着产业发展的不断升级以及市场机制的逐步健全，未来近零碳产业发展有了新的趋势。一是加大创新投入，加强产学研的协同创新，推动低碳技术的进一步升级；二是充分利用核能、太阳能等新能源，发展新材料、新医药等战略性新兴产业，构建更为完善的低碳产业体系；三是优化产业空间布局，推动产城融合发展，建设第四代产业园；四是发展低碳金融，推广碳排放交易机制，健全低碳发展市场体系。通过发展低碳经济，倡导低碳生产，建立以近零碳排放为特征的产业体系。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">绿色交通体系</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">未来绿色交通领域的低碳技术，主要体现在优化道路布局、改善出行方式，实现车辆和交通低碳化、智慧化管理三大方面。在道路布局方面，主要采用“交通走廊+小街区”的道路网格模式，形成以公交和慢行为导向的路网结构。在出行方式方面，通过大力发展城市轨道交通，构建快速公交、常规公交、特色公交为一体的公共交通网络，以及完善城市绿道和换乘设施系统等，提高公交和慢行交通分担率。在车辆和交通管理方面，通过推广新能源汽车，推进加气站、充电设施、智能交通网络建设，实现车辆设备及交通调度的低碳化、智慧化。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">绿色建筑技术</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">零能耗建筑已逐渐成为绿色建筑发展的重要趋势，在未来一段时期内，绿色建筑领域将会对现代绿色建筑技术进行规模化推广，更注重对可持续建筑材料的使用，更加关注空气对流设计以及水重复利用技术。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">将采取更加有力的措施推动绿色生态城区建设，并广泛采用地源热泵、中央空调、太阳能热水、建筑节能材料推进既有建筑的节能改造。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">此外，建立绿色金融、争取信贷支持、推动绿色建设立法也成为推广绿色建筑的重要政策手段。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">设施支撑体系</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">市政设施领域及低碳市政技术的系统性较强，涉及面也较广。未来主要通过进一步推广低碳市政技术、完善市政基础设施来提高能源和资源利用效率，进而推动城镇近零碳建设。一是优化水资源供应体系，使污水管网、泵站等基础设施进一步完善，非常规水资源充分利用，水污染得到有效治理；二是完善固体废弃物处理设施，实现固体废弃物的无害化、减量化、资源化利用；三是加强大气环境污染防治，提高废气排放控制水平，提升环境空气质量。总体来看，市政设施领域的近零碳技术已基本成熟，系统性较强，虽然经济性较弱，但在水资源供应领域和固体废弃物处理领域的减碳成效较为明显。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><br  /></span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">生态碳汇建设</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">生态碳汇建设对于促进城镇近零碳发展具有重要的作用。未来主要通过加强碳汇建设和管理，控制碳排放和助推近零碳城镇建设。通过推进重点碳汇建设工程，提高碳汇能力，引导碳汇技术革新。通过推进城市增绿工作，优化城市绿地系统，提升城市碳汇能力。通过完善碳汇监测体系、建立碳汇交易平台和加强碳汇技术研发，实现碳汇提升。总体来看，生态碳汇领域的技术与政策基本成熟，系统性较强，虽然经济性较弱，但直接减碳成效较为显著。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbibbUqkrQCulwOfjeDS0HKWpqI5MmmRXwu2hMwSgSqPHmFIfxCnxfd6UHDjcfByFtv3yRiacJkj84Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;"><strong>四</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">近零碳城镇的规划设计优化技术</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">近零碳城镇的规划设计是合理配置城市资源、指导城市低碳化转型、控制温室气体排放、保障可持续发展的重要手段，其不仅可以改变城市粗放的规划建设方式，更可以从全域空间资源保护利用的角度加强全要素的技术集成，进行全过程地有效管控，整体性研究、推动城镇的近零碳发展。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于智慧城市模型引导城镇空间集约紧凑发展</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">基于多源城市时空数据构建智慧城市模型，建立集山水林田湖海自然资源数据、社会经济数据、各部门空间规划、城市时空大数据的城市规划基础信息数据库和低碳运行动态监测数据库平台，构建“土地利用—碳排放”关联框架，自动提取和监测城镇各类用地和功能区的碳排放数据，将计算结果反馈至规划空间设计方案中。通过评估比较各类用地的碳排放效益，引导土地混合利用，推进居住、商业、办公、文化以及都市型产业等多功能的混合型开发和立体城市建设，创造城市活力与多样性，促进居住、就业的平衡，引导城镇发展空间集约紧凑发展。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于“互联网+”构建低碳清洁的能源供应体系</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">以“互联网+”智慧能源为规划设计技术手段，打破传统能源规划体系的技术、市场和管理三层壁垒，形成城市能源系统自持续、自循环、自优化、自规避、自适应的“五自”低碳管控体系，为城市绿色低碳发展提供高质量的能源系统支撑。结合能源技术革命、城市能源系统转型升级需求，从终端入手、环节控制、源头优化建立城镇能源负荷需求、传输通道、生产供应和储备调峰互联共享的规划流程，将化石能源与可再生能源、集中生产供应与分布式能源技术、生产生活低碳需求与碳排放管控等能源系统模块集成优化，建立城市能源规划框架优化技术及其操作步骤，推动城镇低碳乃至零碳发展。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于产业关联度模型构建绿色循环的低碳产业体系</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">建立产业关联度模型和“效益—能耗—污染”综合模型，用以反映产业之间联系程度的紧密，评估产业的能耗和污染，促进产业低碳循环发展。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">基于各类产业的碳排放评估，优化城市产业结构，大力提高第三产业比重，调整二次产业内部结构，逐步降低电力、水泥等传统高碳排产业的比重。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">在此基础上，进一步健全低碳发展市场体系，实行工业企业低碳发展准入制度，从源头杜绝高能耗、高排放企业建设，探索碳排放交易机制，推行低碳发展企业和低碳产品认证。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于交通土地一体化模型构建智能高效的绿色交通体系</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">建立城市交通与土地利用一体化模型，将公交导向开发模式、小街区密路网等与土地利用进一步匹配模拟，减少城市机动化交通碳排。推行“窄街区、密路网”的路网结构，提高城市空间紧凑度和路网可达性。优先发展公共交通，完善城镇慢行系统增加步行、非机动车和公共交通的使用机率。推广低碳化的交通运输设备，推广新能源汽车应用。建设智能化交通管理系统，合理制定改善交通组织管理设施，优化路口信号控制，通过实时信息发布组织交通等方面的具体措施。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于绿色建筑评估模型大力发展节能环保的绿色建筑</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">建立基于人工智能的绿色建筑评估模型，开发选用当地特色的自然建材、旧物利用和废弃物再生的建材，积极稳妥推广装配式、可循环利用的建筑方式，全面推动绿色建筑设计、施工和运行。加大绿色建材推广力度，结合本地气候特点和资源条件，发展安全耐久、节能环保、施工便利的绿色建材。促进绿色建筑规模化发展，注重建筑空间布局，综合考虑建筑物的朝向、间距、体量、组合形式、绿化配置等因素对节能的影响，合理进行空间布局。</span></section><p style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于生态服务评价构建系统完善的绿色市政设施</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">基于德尔菲法、层次分析法和不准确定性的综合评价模型等技术手段对城市各类环保市政设施进行评价。从实现城市人工环境水质、水生态目标角度提出关键控制环节及控制参数，构建城市人工环境—地区水系水文水质水生态耦合基础模型。基于数字高程模型的城市自然及人工下垫面格块径流路径，实现人工建筑排水管网系统和人工环境降雨径流的源汇统计，形成从源头开始的全过程径流管理体系。积极发展综合利用技术，推进对生活垃圾、建筑废弃物、工业固体废物等进行资源化利用，并健全再生资源回收利用体系。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(2, 30, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">基于“源—流—汇”理论构建城乡一体的生态碳汇网络</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">建立基于“源—流—汇”理论和“生态足迹”的生态系统模型，对城市进行生态适宜性评价，全面评价城市生态环境现状，为构建科学合理的碳汇生态格局奠定基础。重点推进重点林业、湿地、大公园等碳汇工程建设，提高碳汇能力。开展城市增绿工作，积极探索立体绿化和垂直绿化的新方法、新品种，提高城市绿化指数，完善城市公园绿地系统。加强碳汇综合管理，实现碳汇提升，完善碳汇监测体系，设立森林碳汇计量、监测评估专业机构，负责造林、森林管理等森林碳汇的计量、监测评估工作。建立森林碳汇基金与碳汇交易平台，实现碳汇与实体资本的有效对接。加大对碳汇研究的科技投入，提升碳汇农林业科技水平。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.72" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYRAnFTtV0Chiam81jjric5kJLSexpia4CkicHfWPIeuGalKE9zZQf8olNzxI6eSicNCJE644niaFMic9TkA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="800" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">近期阅读：</span></strong></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: 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