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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section></section><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages __bg_gif" data-backh="96" data-backw="400" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbOMAS9G0uAeibrAmbQmLT6pLTdBiaJiadER0KB145KfWP3d5xLy0fGs94sZAHqDJhfZNDtnvCamcjfA/?wx_fmt=gif" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="654" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="157" data-ratio="0.2378716744913928" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbOMAS9G0uAeibrAmbQmLT6p67KeOpamoyOeKsZQRNSArXfjlGVicJ2eX96Ye7ibjNAHCet3T09u9HvQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="639" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 654px !important;"><br  /></section><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><audio style="width:100%" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/voice/getvoice?mediaid=MzU2MzAwODQ4N18yMjQ3NDg4NjQ0" controls="controls"></audio></section><section style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br  /></section><section style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.353395061728395" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYUeFchQXMHCib4jnVofZic0uBAHKiam3GIvlDZTrGyPIzajiaBkKjeC2b8MpbajEJv9GuDdr6ChR4mVw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="648"></section><section style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">作者：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">【法】弗雷德里克·赫兰</span></section><section style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">出版社：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">中国社会科学出版社</span></section><section style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">译者：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">乔溪</span></section><section style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">出版年：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">2018年4月</span></section><section class="" data-tools="gulangu" data-id="93662" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 5px 5px 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(151, 228, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;margin-left: -3px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(175, 178, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section data-width="100%" style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 667px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(13, 10, 10);border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 1em 0.8em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">全文共</span><strong style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3465</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">字，阅读大约需要</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分钟</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">弗雷德里克·赫兰是法国著名经济学家、城市规划学家，同时也是里尔大学经济学副教授和里尔社会与经济研究中心学者，近年来在法国期刊杂志上发表多篇关于城市自行车的文章。</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">曾几何时，红橙蓝绿的共享单车一夜之间出现在城市的大街小巷，仿佛我国“自行车王国”的地位重返江湖。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">稍短距离的出行可以不再依靠拥挤不堪的地铁、不再等待到达时间未知的公交、不再乘坐堵塞在路上的小汽车，亦不用担心自家的自行车超出家周边距离就再无用武之地。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">不管在哪个城市哪个角落，我只需拿着手机，便可扫上一辆共享单车，自由出行。</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.5628571428571428" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbMcZdPmibwDP0iag2ticibp6gkJ3LJEqmXuzgRZ7KzU5czLbqHxPDN2jAF58r0KTKjYkgiaqPAdNrJic5w/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="350"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">危险动作请勿模仿</span></section><p style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">私以为，自行车是现代化城市急剧膨胀和发展的降温剂，亦是慢生活的必然选择。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">在繁杂纷芜的城市生存环境中，若有如此一般可供选择的舒适环保出行方式，在城市规划与交通规划中可多考虑慢行交通之权利，我们也能在钢铁组成的马路上寻得容身之处。</span><br  /></section><p style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br  /></p><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">现代城市不断为小汽车腾出空间，步行者与骑行者逐渐变得无路可走。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">但也有一群人，他们热爱城市慢行交通，推崇自行车出行。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">弗雷德里克·赫兰用一本自行车欧洲史《自行车的回归：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">1815-2050》述说了此种情感。</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">书中作者写道，“使用自行车远不止是选择一种出行方式，它同时也选择了均衡交通的政策、更易管控的财政、平衡舒适的生活与和谐共生的艺术。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">因此，自行车是一个社会的选择。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">”</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.36462093862815886" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYUeFchQXMHCib4jnVofZic0uibgxwYwZ4eibulIM2Dd2VSsaVEVej3X4NgvUEBVib2TaeF5KwQBGKuPuw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="554"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图1                                            图2</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图1：“自行车王国”时代                                    </span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图2：汽车时代</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">               </span></section><p style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br  /></p><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">文章主要厘清了自行车欧洲发展史，19世纪自行车的出现代替了马的使用，成为现代化进步的标志。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">20世纪上半叶，自行车广泛传播，不再是中产阶级的专属物；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">二战之后的30年间，欧洲迎来了交通机动化时代，汽车以迅雷之速占据城市，自行车逐渐没落褪去色彩；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">20世纪70年代，在年复一年的噪声和拥堵中，环保安全的自行车归来；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">20世纪八九十年代，欧洲各国政府推行自行车新政，逐渐复活久被遗忘的自行车；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">2000年，自行车华丽回归，迎来共享单车；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">最后，作者大胆展望了未来“自行车城市”不是梦。</span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbMcZdPmibwDP0iag2ticibp6gku2zoibKwqia5bnF8gZ6xGwEFypCfu313huvMLzeBhmWo7kic7Lofc5TxA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="400" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></section><p style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">纵观我国，自行车的历史也与欧洲相差无几，从其出现在大众面前、发展、壮大，到逐渐被机动化替代、被遗弃，直至再次被需要，迎来共享单车时代，自行车一路面临诸多挑战。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">甚至在共享单车甚嚣尘上的今天，自行车的命运仍然跌跌撞撞。</span></section><p style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><br  /></p><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">作者按照时间线将自行车的命运写在纸上，其中不乏许多新颖的观点，亦可总结一二。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><br  /></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 10px;max-width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -20px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(151, 228, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: -20px;margin-left: -3px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgba(175, 178, 249, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: right;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿 | <span style="font-size: 15px;">重点实验室二室 冉林娜</span></span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: right;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑 | 冯雪琪</span></strong></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohal1zZOTW3Bmjb3CaXxAvotYNjLndIstYNGRSViaDAZibnN2OVtiaMqhIvPOx438uTeuYPmfoEticsfMg/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">自行车的困惑与误会</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">交规的出现规范了道路行驶行为，然而交规的制定仿佛只为汽车司机而设，从“道路交通规则”这个词语中就能看出事情发展的趋势：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">“街道”已被看作是“道路”，目的显然是为了更好地约束行人。</span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">譬如法国出现于1922年的第一套交规中，第55条明确指出：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">“任何汽车司机都有责任在靠近行人时鸣笛以警示后者。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">受到警示的行人须自觉避让汽车，使其顺利通过……”在人们眼中，交通乃致富之本，而行人与自行车在汽车当道的时代则被视为障碍。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">城市规划与建设朝着适应汽车发展的方向而去，在城市中心地带修建足量的地下或垂直停车场、通达的高速公路网和城市快速干线……步行者与骑行者大多被忘得一干二净，交通规划与设计中鲜少考虑行人与自行车的一席之地。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">自行车缺少专用车道和必要的路权，变成无处安放的弱势群体。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">到处停放的汽车蚕食鲸吞着公共空间，政府对非法泊车的宽容让汽车明目张胆地占用自行车道，造成了更严重的拥堵。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.49375" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbMcZdPmibwDP0iag2ticibp6gkrvrfjk9n3MtUk9hicYIFqR668jvh3AfAzRtE0a9o5mKpzfCiaWcuCuag/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="480"></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">高速路、快速路以及它们的交叉点数不胜数，严重割裂了城市，一个个街区因此变得孤立起来，道路愈加曲折迂回，随处可见密集的车流和停停走走的红绿灯。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">为了摆脱这些束缚，一些冒失的骑行者选择了某种大胆的尝试：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">闯红灯、逆行，甚至骑上人行道、闯入公园等。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">这些问题的根源并不是他们天性顽劣，而是城市规划过于以汽车为中心造成的，无路可走的骑行者只能以一些不文明的行为来跳出条条框框，毕竟以汽车为本的交通规则硬套用在骑行者身上并不完全合适。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">汽车质量大、速度快，使之具有一定的危险性。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">城市中交通事故愈加频繁，过去的行政与交通规划人员却并不将这一切归咎于汽车——毕竟它是现代社会的象征，不容阻碍，因此他们怪罪那些不开车的人阻碍了汽车的正常行驶，这种错误的观点使行人成为了事故的罪魁祸首。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">曾有研究表明，骑行者或步行者数量越多，他们遭受事故的可能性越小，如果骑行者的数量翻倍，那么每千米发生危险的概率将降低34%；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">相反，如果骑行者数量减半，危险性则会增加52%。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">减少自行车交通事故的要诀不在于限制它的使用，而在于大力倡导人们使用自行车。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">电力助动车与自行车同划分于非机动车，电力助动车速度快，车型不够结实，刹车能力低，造成交通事故频繁发生，甚至比汽车的交通事故死亡数还多，人们渐渐意识到它的危险性。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">非机动车行列中的自行车却背了锅，人们开始相信自行车和电力助动车一样，是个马路不和谐因素</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">，危害交通安全。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">私以为，自行车与电力助动车同属非机动车行列，使用同样的路权和交通规则本身就是城市交通规划的弊病，电力助动车与自行车大有不同，电力助动车具有很大的机动性，其速度、行驶摆动性和自由度远超自行车。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">每种交通方式都需要交通工具、车道网络、相应的交通规则和服务（泊车、修理、租赁……），在宏观层面上，各种交通方式形成现今的公路、铁路、航运、飞机、管道综合交通系统。然而，自行车却游离在外，在各种规划中总是缺少它的身影，和谐统一的交通系统还有待完善。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohal1zZOTW3Bmjb3CaXxAvotYNjLndIstYNGRSViaDAZibnN2OVtiaMqhIvPOx438uTeuYPmfoEticsfMg/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">自行车的优势</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">除了熟知的安全、环保、低碳、健康，作者从不同角度表述了自行车的一些优点。</span><br  /></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">曾有人在1973年做出论断，一个普通美国人每年有超过1600小时都花在汽车上，包括用车的时间和挣钱养车的时间。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">驾车者的“全局速度”不仅考虑出行时间和负担该次出行所需的必要劳动时间，还应算上由于缺乏锻炼而减少的寿命，或是为弥补寿命损失而专门进行锻炼的时间，自行车的全局速度远超汽车。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.4" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbMcZdPmibwDP0iag2ticibp6gkHDGLyibRgsPbleutOIaw6H4SnaRD2xQPkTufiaE3ic7oibnBG69kNgj48g/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="500" style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;"></section><p style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">危险动作请勿模仿</span><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">不过，从经济理念上看，经济学家弗朗西斯·帕蓬在经过一番复杂计算之后得出，2010年，自行车每公里使用成本为0.13欧元，汽车出行每公里成本为0.25欧元，公交车每公里成本是0.12欧元。因此，自行车没有我们预想的那样经济，汽车也没有预想的那么昂贵，</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">但修建汽车停车场、专用道路的费用依旧很高。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-bottom: 30px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: -55px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohal1zZOTW3Bmjb3CaXxAvotYNjLndIstYNGRSViaDAZibnN2OVtiaMqhIvPOx438uTeuYPmfoEticsfMg/640?wx_fmt=gif");overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">03<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">共享单车时代</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">如今，共享单车在城市里随处可见，摩拜单车创始人胡玮炜也曾推荐这本书。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">众所周知，共享单车拥有许多优势：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">第一，租用形式比传统自行车拥有更多的价格优势；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">第二，人们可以随地取用单车且不必放回原位，租用起来毫无压力；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">第三，租用没有时间限制，到了晚上公交系统停摆的时候尤其显得方便而人性化。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">自行车已经从以前公交出行竞争者的身份转变，成为了现如今“公交接驳”的完美工具。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">资本青睐共享单车，“互联网+出行”、共享经济的模式迅速火遍大江南北，随之而来的乱停乱放、单车损毁、私占单车现象频发，成为城市管理者头疼的问题。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">一线城市施行“禁投”条例，打压其发展，但巨大的市场需求和共享单车带来的好处绝不能因此否认，打压绝不是优化其发展的根本方法，科学的管理和政府因地制宜的支持政策才是王道。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.5622222222222222" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyohbMcZdPmibwDP0iag2ticibp6gkVr8ALJ4AfF6cDXM7HDoUWVjqsZk1d44Hzxspic1CCYyl6ZDU8wlvFkg/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="450" style=""></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span><br  /></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">作为一名普通民众的切身感受来说，广州共享单车的投放供小于求，需要共享单车的时候，总是需要步行较长距离寻找，且乱停乱放现象比较严重。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">让人头疼的是，找到的共享单车或许是被破坏了二维码，或是被私人锁住，或是陈旧损坏，不得已只好放弃。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">上海共享单车的投放基本能满足需求，某些地段或禁停区寻找起来可能有些困难，但是基本没有不可骑的单车。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">二线城市中，我接触到的昆明，共享单车供给充足，随时都能单车出行，基本省去步行时间和距离，且昆明的共享单车停放整齐，市民自觉遵守规则，包括人流密集的市中心商业街。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">此外，厦门的许多共享单车专为旅游服务，拥有环岛自行车道，可满足人们自驾环岛的浪漫情怀。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.26895306859205775" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYUeFchQXMHCib4jnVofZic0uD2jGJNeTCP8ibTWMtl4npKWic2sH5IqXFMicJm6JvHf4VvUwAT3YzuYDg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="554" style=""></section><section style="text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">图3</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">              </span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">               </span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">图4</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">                                   图5</span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;"></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;"></span></section><section style="text-align: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;"><br  /></span></section><section style="text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">图3：昆明街边停放整齐的共享单车    </span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图4：共享单车二维码被破坏               </span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">图5：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">被私人锁住的共享单车</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">城市有不同的性格与特色，各类产业在其中发展必然会遭遇不同的待遇，较大型城市在管理上也会遇到更多的难题，一味的打压和限制并不会改善现状。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">共享单车对人们短途出行的帮助和对环境的保护不可否认，只有在正确引导、制定规范和加强监管的推动下，共享单车才能健康发展。</span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 2em;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">文章的最后，作者大胆畅想：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">未来交通“鸡尾酒”，自行车作主料。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">在人群密集度较高的地区，自行车越来越多作为汽车的替代品，同时它能补充公共交通的空白部分。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">但对于人口较分散的城郊，我们仍不确定它是否真的具备巨大的开发潜力。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">目前自行车道的发展状况相当于汽车公路系统几十年前的程度，相比起现在四通八达、平稳舒适的公路来说，自行车还有很长的路要走。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: 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