国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

标题

分类

（编号：1116）

链接

作者

时间

政策

省

市

年

月

直播

主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;font-size: 15px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.75" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCFEACnibPOBU2z4hibZK8vtibHliaFGa2D5qHY0tlLSy6ibldCpOp1SL7RJg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style=""></p><section style="line-height: 2;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(31, 63, 115, 0.94);box-sizing: border-box;">绿地评价指标作为有效反映城市绿地空间布局合理性和绿地规划建设水平的重要衡量标准，是城市绿地系统规划中的重中之重。</span></strong>因此，很有必要对我国现行城市绿地系统规划评价指标及其评价方法所存在的主要问题进行分析和梳理，厘清绿地评价与规划的实际需求和未来发展转型趋势，以建立一套科学、合理的城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系。</p><br  /></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -55px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;padding-left: 11px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCs3nGZKrouOlJZ4bzJzFc2jpCKaephe0ial15g0oXQ8ic6ZLCUh0pCI9A/640?wx_fmt=gif");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系存在问题与发展方向</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  1、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">传统评价指标内容相对简单，难以全面反映绿地建设水平</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">目前国内城市绿地系统规划多以传统的绿地评价指标为主，如人均绿地面积、人均公共绿地面积、绿地率和绿化覆盖率等。这些指标反映的绿地信息相对较少，主要关注于绿地的“数量”和“规模”，而忽视绿地的“质量”和“效应”，难以体现城市绿地的真实价值和实际效应，使城市绿地系统规划在整个规划体系中难以受到应有的重视，很多时候流于形式或让位于其他专项规划。然而，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在新时代生态文明思想和绿色发展观背景下，城市绿地是“三生”空间协调发展的重要组成部分，且与人们日常生活联系紧密，与公共健康息息相关。</strong>因此，在传统评价指标的基础上，应充分考虑绿地的生态功能、景观价值和人的需求等，构建涵盖生态效益、景观格局、绿地可达性和人本效益等方面的“多元化”评价指标体系，以全面、综合地反映城市绿地建设水平，推动城市绿地系统规划评价指标由重“量”轻“质”向“质”“效”并重转变。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  2、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">评价维度较为单一，空间分析视角过于局限</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">传统绿地评价指标大多以单一数值反映规划区域内的绿地建设水平，评价维度多局限于一维，难以反映城市绿地空间分布的合理性。然而，绿地是城市土地利用性质中的一种用地类型，具有“空间”属性。位于不同空间的绿地，所发挥的功能效益也会有所差异，尤其是对于绿地景观价值和满足人们使用需求等方面。因此，很<span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">有必要倡导城市绿地系统规划评价指标的“多维化”转向。</strong></span>引入二维的绿地评价指标，基于空间分析编制和优化城市绿地系统规划方案。同时，通过三维指标(人的感官层面)更好地反映城市绿地建设的质量和景观效果，如基于可见绿(Visible Greenery)衡量居民绿化感受的绿视率指标。对于土地资源稀缺的大城市，尤其是高密度城市，更应促使其从增加平面绿地面积向丰富立体绿化转变。因此，通过构建“多维”的评价指标体系能够更加全面地反映城市绿地空间分布差异和整体绿地建设水平，提高城市绿地系统规划方案的合理性和践行规划“以人为本”的理念。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  3、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9);box-sizing: border-box;">忽视全域绿地协调发展，无法反映整体绿化效应</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(31, 63, 115, 0.94);box-sizing: border-box;">国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020年)》将“城市建成区绿地率”作为新型城镇化建设的重要指标，体现对建成区绿化建设的重视</span></strong>。但现行城市绿地系统规划大多“重城区”而“轻市域”，缺乏“全域”“系统”“多尺度”的战略思想，既不能体现绿地分布在城市内部空间中的差异，又不利于构建完整的城市绿地生态网络系统，无法使绿地发挥最大效益。《城市绿地系统规划编制纲要(试行)》(2002年)提出要“构筑以中心城区为核心，覆盖整个市域，城乡一体化的绿地系统”，因此应跳出侧重建成区绿地建设的现有思路框架，充分利用建成区外围的绿地资源，在我国全域发展规划目标的指导下，加强宏观、中观和微观层面的绿地规划实践，基于“多尺度”绿地建设视角，构建以“市域—城区—社区—人”为框架结构的全域、多尺度绿地评价指标体系。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 4、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9);box-sizing: border-box;">偏重绿地空间与生态，难以满足人的感受和需求</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现行城市绿地系统规划过于侧重绿地的空间布局和生态效应，对居民的使用感受缺乏深入的思考，导致即使绿地指标达标，也难以满足城市居民的实际需求。在“以人为本”的发展理念下，强调居民日常生活与绿地的联系尤为重要，如引入绿地可达性指标衡量居民到达绿地的便捷程度，以反映绿地空间布局的合理性。因此，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">有必要构建与绿地服务及人本效益相关的评价指标，重视城市居民的绿地体验和服务享用情况，以实现由“城市本位”向“人本位”规划思路的转变，促进和谐宜居的绿色城市发展。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  5、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9);box-sizing: border-box;">局限于定性评价方法，缺乏对GIS和空间数据的充分利用</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">由于缺乏有效的数据分析工具，传统城市绿地系统规划多以定性为主(如“几轴几带多中心”的空间规划结构),且面对繁杂并不断更新的绿地空间数据及属性，需要借助GIS技术进行科学有效的分析。虽然已有学者对GIS空间分析技术应用于城市绿地系统规划做了大量研究，但很少将其落实到具体的定量化评价指标层面，也未能完全实现绿地空间数据的有效利用和管理。因此，为进一步优化绿地评价指标的精确性和科学性，提高绿地规划工作效率，丰富评价手段和成果，亟需将GIS技术运用其中，实现技术手段与规划评价指标的同步升级，从而为城市绿地系统规划的决策提供直观的、合理的数据支撑，形成定性、定量相结合的城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -55px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;padding-left: 11px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCs3nGZKrouOlJZ4bzJzFc2jpCKaephe0ial15g0oXQ8ic6ZLCUh0pCI9A/640?wx_fmt=gif");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> “多元、多维、多尺度”的城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文基于现状绿地系统规划指标存在的问题和不足，提出“多元、多维、多尺度”的城市绿地评价指标体系。其中，<span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“多元”</strong></span>所反映的是基于传统指标，引入生态效益、景观格局和绿地可达性等指标，以构建多样化的绿地评价指标体系；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">“多维”</span></strong>主要强调空间评价维度，包括一维、二维和三维层面，通过拓展现有指标维度，重点构建和完善三维立体化指标，以更好地反映城市绿地空间分布的真实性和合理性；<span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“多尺度”</strong></span>是指在城乡一体化的发展理念下，重视全域发展和人本思想，构建“市域—城区—社区—人”的评价指标体系。因此，本文通过提出一系列定量与定性相结合的指标评价方法，以实现对城市绿地系统规划建设进行全面综合的评价(图1，表1)。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-backh="503" data-backw="489" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCzFWMhw8882e4r80ib8ymL9oBoCFnZDku8y4n22mdCAoux5akiatdbdYw/?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.0286299" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCzFWMhw8882e4r80ib8ymL9oBoCFnZDku8y4n22mdCAoux5akiatdbdYw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="489" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-backh="297" data-backw="558" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCJSfnicMz6nuy5pXIsVdSWr0Mia64kPyt4ImporStRb7QvBZO4Y4Fv7eg/?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5322581" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCJSfnicMz6nuy5pXIsVdSWr0Mia64kPyt4ImporStRb7QvBZO4Y4Fv7eg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="558" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  1、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态效益指标</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">固碳释氧指标</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(31, 63, 115, 0.94);box-sizing: border-box;">固碳释氧指标能够测度绿化植物维持城市碳氧平衡的水平，是衡量城市生态环境的重要指标。</span></strong>通过统计各类绿地面积及其相应单位面积绿地的碳氧变化量相乘以得到固碳释氧总量，其计算公式如下：</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.0728477" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCHBehbx2smNJMGpcB3yYs0f79iaicImESgjshgBSxNZDhnxTiaic3VEO42w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="453" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">式中， S表示城市绿地固碳释氧量，A表示各类绿地面积，T表示单位面积绿地的吸碳量， Q表示单位面积绿地的释氧量，其参考值分别为8.73 t/hm2·a 和23.27 t/hm2·a 。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">涵养水源指标</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(31, 63, 115, 0.94);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">涵养水源指标可以衡量城市绿地保持水土和涵养水源的能力，从而为城市绿地系统规划通过绿化改善城市水文提供数据支撑。</strong></span>本文运用水量平衡法(即计算城市一年内平均降水量与平均蒸发量的差值)，结合国家规定各城市地表水资源收费标准计算出城市绿地涵养水源的价值，其计算公式如下：</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.0690476" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCdqXAcbt8koTkZNT3CgvDJrWJsDAU0BRubNNTkQylMOPZ0L8bX4nKfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="420" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">式中， W表示城市绿地涵养水源量，R表示城市年平均降雨量， E表示城市年平均蒸散量， A表示城市区域面积。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">环境净化指标</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1834862" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCzFXFnMANeBbpEOQWVXWPtrIXv6icoxo7r4WCcuibBhMQQ3yGPjIS1vwA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="436" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  2、</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">景观格局指标</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">基于景观生态学理论，结合城市绿地建设需求，提出以下景观指数以衡量城市绿地的生态服务水平和景观格局特征，为城市绿地系统规划提供更多元的建设指导(表2)。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8635347" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCIQkEYibkP7ia4UvjaYRZgOPG7oxYgibzGjsyicBWu4xcj1uiaxuL33MThhw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="894" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  3、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9);box-sizing: border-box;">绿地可达性指标</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(31, 63, 115, 0.94);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿地可达性可表示单位时间内接近绿地的量，其衡量了人们接近绿地的便捷程度，既能反映绿地的空间布局和服务水平，也体现了指标的“人性化”。</strong></span>目前国内外关于绿地可达性的研究方法较多，包括缓冲区分析法、网络分析法、高斯两步移动搜索法等。尽管现有绿地规划对公园绿地步行可达性进行了评估，但多关注距离与时间因素，基于人的使用方面(如绿地吸引力、交通成本)考虑较少，因此本文分别从地点和人这两个角度选取了多个可达性测度指标，其计算方法如表3所示。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6178771" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCRiafVLbiafDYBhLNibiaKede2Gg42aTn4V920u32pNibrCqLf1uH7iakvPmg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="895" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 7px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;line-height: 10px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-top: 10px solid rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 6px solid transparent !important;border-right: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  4、</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9);box-sizing: border-box;">人本效益指标</span></strong></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿地服务重叠度</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然现行规划对公园绿地的服务覆盖水平进行了评价，但对于城市居民而言，除了关注社区周围能否被绿地服务范围所覆盖之外，还注重对社区周边绿地的可选择性和差异性，即一定范围内可服务于某个社区点的绿地数量和面积。其方法是基于GIS对不同等级绿地生成不同半径的服务缓冲区(表4)，然后通过叠置分析和拓扑分析将其与社区单元进行关联，最后计算出覆盖各社区的绿地总数与总面积的比值，即得出该社区的绿地服务重叠度，计算公式如下：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4128878" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCnrVyQBmRQeTRCicLk44lScnLOu1R8FQvD5zfoDJaN9QFFDTZ4OMREEA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="419" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3551609" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCFKWjRMoHDlEPtpD36KqBcpiayXeqoMSLcNQzLRWuu0gMLAib5uXuu7aw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="901" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿视率</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">绿视率</span></strong>是指在人的视野范围内绿色景观所占的比值，即可见绿，它能在三维空间层面反映绿地景观效果，侧面衡量出人们对城市绿化的直观感受。首先使用GIS在研究区域内沿街道随机生成采样点，保证任意两个采样点之间的最短距离不超过30m，然后在每个采样点捕获６个方向 (0°、60°、120°、180°、240°和 300°) 和３个垂直视角(﹣45°、0°、45°)的谷歌街景图像(Google Street View，GSV)，接着利用 Photoshop、GIMP等相关软件从各图像中提取绿色植物像素，最后通过如下公式计算各采样点的绿视率：</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4783654" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCaWS0BgCFLsh0DjeEbdvxmpAV9WiatsuCjWfVNABro32YfIp1QeQXhog/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="416" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑视觉绿色指数</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">立体绿化</span></strong>是从三维视角进行的城市绿地建设，虽然在现行规划中，提出屋顶、天桥和立交桥绿化率等作为测度三维立体绿化的指标，但其不能很好地反映立体绿化与人视角感受间的关系，且随着城市人口的密集化，城市居住建筑高度的不断增加，居民与绿地的视觉接触受到了建筑物遮挡，因此基于建筑视觉绿色指数(Building Visual Greenness Index，简称“BVGI”)，可以从居民的角度测度居住建筑周围绿化水平，其定义为整个建筑视觉中绿地面积的比率，数值的高低反映了城市绿化水平，其计算公式如下：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-backh="357" data-backw="421" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNChtIQed8Fs02OjmtJbo9yC3ahQVicUC02gXNic3ubfJpr9lCBJF3IYicgQ/?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.847981" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNChtIQed8Fs02OjmtJbo9yC3ahQVicUC02gXNic3ubfJpr9lCBJF3IYicgQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="421" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">居民绿地使用满意度</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地建设水平与居民日常生活水平息息相关。因此，城市绿地规划评价不能仅局限于规划者的角度，还应从绿地直接使用者——城市居民的角度去衡量。本文提出以问卷调查为主，将幸福感作为刻画满意度的测度因素，结合现有研究和访谈提出居民绿地使用满意度测度指标(表5) 。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3095499" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCMBg2Fz7ZKufaicWpq2FRWH7jeFguwgZyZD0ibAYhI3tYReKIrrBuO1Sw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="911" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -55px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;padding-left: 11px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCs3nGZKrouOlJZ4bzJzFc2jpCKaephe0ial15g0oXQ8ic6ZLCUh0pCI9A/640?wx_fmt=gif");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 25px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-top: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;border-width: 1px 1px 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none none dashed;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(55, 80, 114);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结论与讨论</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地不仅具有环境景观功能和生态服务效益，还可为居民提供游憩活动空间，从而增加居民体力活动，促进社会交往融合，给公众身心健康带来积极作用。构建良好的城市绿地系统是城市生态文明建设和可持续发展的关键。而绿地评价指标体系作为衡量绿地建设水平和布局结构合理性的科学方法与标准，是城市绿地系统规划中的核心内容和关键技术。因此，本文针对现有城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系存在的不足与缺陷，结合国内外近年来关于绿地研究的先进经验、技术和方法，提出构建“多元、多维、多尺度”的城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系。其中，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">“多元”</span></strong>指城市绿地评价指标内容的多元化，涵盖景观格局、绿地可达性、人本效益等多个方面，以对城市绿地建设水平进行全面、综合的评价；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">“多维”</span></strong>指倡导绿地评价从单一的空间维度向立体的多维空间转变，构建“一、二、三维”评价指标相结合的绿地评价指标体系；<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(162, 18, 18);box-sizing: border-box;">“多尺度”</span></strong>则进一步提出构建以“市域—城区—社区—人”为结构的多重空间尺度评价指标体系，不仅覆盖宏观的全域，还深入到微观的个人，体现城乡统筹和“以人为本”的规划理念。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">该评价指标体系不仅有利于为科学编制新一轮城市绿地系统规划提供一定的借鉴和启示，同时也对空间规划体系改革、认识绿地系统在空间规划中的地位与作用有一定的帮助。由于各城市的自然资源环境和规划建设水平有所差异，可以根据实际情况与目标需求有选择地使用该指标体系或对之进行改进与变型。同时，亦寄望于各地的规划实践对本指标体系提出不断的修正和完善。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">文章来源丨规划师杂志</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">作者信息丨杨文越</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 投稿邮箱丨xjxtd@126.com</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中规建业城市规划设计院   信息中心</strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;margin-bottom: -2.5em;border-left: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);border-top: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 8px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-right: -2.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px 8px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">About Us</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-right: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;line-height: 0.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;border-top: 0.8em solid rgb(171, 211, 224);border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中规建业城市规划设计院（北京）有限公司</strong></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(39, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box;">为人与空间策划沟通的桥梁</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(39, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box;">在城市、乡村、景区实践着我们的追求</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;line-height: 0.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;border-top: 0.8em solid rgb(171, 211, 224);border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中规建业城市规划设计院（北京）有限公司</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地址：</strong>北京市海淀区学清路9号汇智大厦B座</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">电话：</strong>13691099891</p></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;margin-top: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px;height: 4px;background-color: rgb(125, 106, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9379845" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDSmwyZHsyH5rxElMvMOXNCdns8NzslORS4BJGcDMkdayN9hZ4PX8nq1SPHEiadlxO4Um4AuLqr7zA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="258" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎关注“中规建业”微信公众号</span></p></section></section>
                <br />