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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 70px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(45, 69, 152);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 10px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;margin: -40px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3em;height: 3em;margin: auto;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(45, 69, 152);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhfVbUUdgtHYxvoN0vk971dbBtwibW7VURP8top7l0MDJAEbSeOLiapXDPK0U9ku0J5cufEvE1pWjDA/640?wx_fmt=png");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhfVbUUdgtHYxvoN0vk971dbBtwibW7VURP8top7l0MDJAEbSeOLiapXDPK0U9ku0J5cufEvE1pWjDA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 33.33%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注我们</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 6px;text-align: center;font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: 0px 0px -5px -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(33, 71, 215);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">本期主题：乡村振兴规划管理与实践 </strong></p></section><section style="margin: -5px -4px 0px auto;width: 9px;height: 9px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;transform: rotate(-25deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-25deg);-o-transform: rotate(-25deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);width: 5em;margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: block;float: left;padding: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);line-height: 1;margin-right: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: line-through;box-sizing: border-box;">【编者按】</span></p></section></section><section style="display: block;padding-top: 5px;border-width: 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">党的十九大提出“实施乡村振兴战略”，要求实现产业、人才、文化、生态和组织的全面振兴。乡村振兴既是解决“三<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">农”问题的有力抓手，又是实现城乡融合发展的重要途径。由于乡村具有面广、差异大的特征，亟需针对不同地域乡村、不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">维度目标分类提出不同的乡村振兴应对策略，探索从乡村空间环境到乡村组织治理多层面、全方位的振兴路径。基于此，本期“规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">划师论坛”栏目以“乡村振兴规划管理与实践”为主题，特邀一组文章，探讨乡村振兴理论、策略、机制及路径等，着重介绍苏南、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">广州、湖州与石家庄等地的实践经验，以期为我国乡村振兴规划建设提供有益参考。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: 3px 0px 0px;border-top: 4px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛2】</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村土地利用的多元主体“利益制衡”<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机制及实践</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);padding: 0px 2px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者浙江大学建筑工程学院教授、博士生导师王竹，浙江大学建筑工程学院博士研究生孙佩文，浙江大学博士后钱振澜，浙江大学建筑工程学院博士研究生徐丹华在《规划师》2019年第11期撰文，<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对土地流转、土地利益相关者多元复杂的乡村发展趋势，针对农民在此过程中利益受损的问题和风险，建构了</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由内生应对作用和外力制衡策略两部分构成的土地利用多元体“利益制衡”机制。研究提出在产业用地规划中以溢出承接</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和精明保权策略增强“能人经纪”的内生力量；在宅基地规划中以生计优化策略响应乡村局部倒逼的内生应对，并以存量留用、</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">渐进增长、营利放活、保障稳健等策略，整体上刚柔并济导控乡村土地开发和产权变动，以此形成的“利益制衡”机制对于</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发挥规划引领乡村振兴的作用意义重大。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(32, 84, 156), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="color: rgb(77, 71, 14);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(36, 70, 162);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]乡村振兴战略；土地流转；多元主体；“利益制衡”机制；土地利用  </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)11-0011-07　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU982.29　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]A </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">王竹，孙佩文，钱振澜，等．乡村土地利用的多元主体“利益制衡”机制及实践 [J]．规划师，2019(11)：11-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">17，23．</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 研究价值与意义</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）背景与问题：乡村土地利用的复杂性</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济学土地利用的基本竞争模型认为，土地资源<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">趋向于向那些出价最高的土地经营者转移，趋向于向</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">那些收益最大的用途转移。二者分别涉及体制制度的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地流转管理部分和用途管制部分，而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度缺陷影响农民利益实现已是共识。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有地理学者从感知的难易程度上区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分出两类土地利用：显性土地利用，即</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可见的土地用途在数量和空间结构上的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变化；隐性土地利用，即需通过分析、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化验、检测和调查才能察觉的土地利用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变化，包括产权、经营方式、固有投入</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和产出能力等方面</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。规划学者指出，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产权及合法性是存量规划区别于增量规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划所必须考虑的因素</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。当前，乡村土</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地利用规划缺位，土地流转情况复杂。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划若不考虑多元土地权利人的利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益格局，对其行为进行引导和限制，则</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划带来的土地开发收益有被外来资本</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">攫取的风险，乡村为规划实施付出的管</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理成本和社会成本更是难以估量。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目的与意义：维护农民主体的</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根本利益</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文提出建构的多元主体“利益制<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衡”机制，旨在针对农民在土地流转、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地权利人复杂的乡村发展趋势中面临</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的利益受损的问题和风险，厘清土地利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用价值及其关系，制定顺应或改进以农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民利益为导向的规划制衡策略，使乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设更好地与乡村振兴土地制度改革的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近期趋势甚至长期目标相衔接。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现有研究对土地流转中农民利益问</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题和土地制度改革的理论探讨主要集中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在农用地和集体建设用地方面，而对集</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体建设用地又特别关注宅基地(村民住宅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地 ) 和集体经营性建设用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2015年开始的全国土地制度改革试点工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作回应了现有研究，将试点内容放在农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村土地征收、宅基地制度改革和集体经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营性建设用地入市等方面。基于以上现</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实，本文对多元主体“利益制衡”机制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的建构也从农用地、宅基地和集体经营</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性建设用地三部分及其关联的认知展开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(图1)。虽然从乡村规划实务看，公共服</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务和基础设施用地也是乡村用地分类的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重要组成部分，但由于其非经营性质、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较少涉及多元主体的利益纠葛，不在本</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文讨论范围，使得本研究更具有针对性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与研究价值。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1747967" data-w="492" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67JLia4HvH5BSWoqicbNlGEjt21Cy2p6ZQdj5b0X56fXJ4I3HibW5xwI4ibg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 乡村土地利用解析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）土地的性质及价值</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农用地，即《中华人民共和国土地<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管理法》中“直接用于农业生产的土地，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括耕地、林地、草地、农田水利用地、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">养殖水面等”。现有的土地承包经营制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度保证了每个集体成员都能“耕者有其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">田”，发挥了就业保障功能。农用地是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村庄的“柔性生态边界” ，也是生态安</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全格局的保障和景观、视觉通廊。许多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大城市周边涌现了产业融合的现象，一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">些现代消费服务新业态(如农产品定制、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农景园艺、采摘体验和品尝品鉴)的相关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施均以农用地为载体。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅基地承担的是农户的居住保障功<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能，宅基地制度设计的初衷即保证每个集</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体成员都能在乡村“居者有其屋”。1978</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年改革开放后，城郊地区乡村宅基地经济</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">财产功能开始凸显。有学者认为，宅基地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由“生活保障物”逐步转变为“市场交换物”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是中国经济社会发展的必然</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。但也有法</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">律专家指出，建立在保障属性基础上的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现行农村宅基地使用权，不仅不能够向</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇居民出售，就是在集体内的流转也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏法律依据和相应的理念支撑；现行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有效的关于农村宅基地使用权的法律规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定，都仍然只能诠释出不能流转的结论，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于宅基地使用权买卖、抵押与出租等，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都只是学者们的理论观点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体经营性建设用地是指以营利为<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目的进行非农业生产经营活动所使用的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村建设用地，其存在源于 20世纪80</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">～90年代乡镇企业发展的那段特殊历史。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全国约有4200万亩的存量用地，整体分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布呈现东部多西部少、近郊多远郊少的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特征。集体经营性建设用地在开办企业、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工厂或开展商业、旅游等经营性活动方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面潜力巨大。十八届三中全会作出的《中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的决定》在“加快完善现代市场体系”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部分指出：“建立城乡统一的建设用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场。在符合规划和用途管制的前提下，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">允许农村集体经营性建设用地出让、租</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">赁、入股，实行与国有土地同等入市、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同权同价。”</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）多元主体中农民的利益问题</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农用地经营权流转导致非集体组织<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成员成为新的利益主体。在此有必要区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分农业开发类企业和综合开发类企业：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农业开发类企业一般不涉及乡村建设用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地开发，而综合开发类企业或工商资本</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">往往还要介入土地综合整治项目，甚至</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是以从事集中流转土地、发展现代农业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这种可能赔钱的项目来获得土地综合整</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治这种“稳赚”项目的资格</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。农用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流转是资本下乡的首要环节，引发的农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民利益风险和问题包括：①土地流转收</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益受限，在这一过程中基层政府为吸引</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工商资本下乡，可能与其联手将流转价</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">格压低到农民勉强接受的限度，甚至强</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">迫流转土地；②资本与乡村内部新型农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业经营主体(如专业大户、家庭农场)争</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地，导致后者的经营规模无法继续维持。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外在经营农用地的过程中，综合开发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">企业用明显或打擦边球的方式改变土地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用途而使收益激增，而农民被排除在收</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益分配之外。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅基地利用多元主体的利益问题包<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">含两个方面：一方面城郊农民和集体组</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">织外宅基地使用者希望其既得利益合法</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化，另一方面城郊农民的这种局部利益</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与更广大地区农民的普遍利益不一致。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前者引发了对宅基地资本化改革的讨论，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而后者决定了宅基地制度的方向和改革</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难度。城郊地区宅基地和农民房屋隐形</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交易相对活跃，但这种交易行为得不到</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现行法律保障。有支持宅基地资本化改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">革的学者认为，现行法律限制了宅基地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的流动性、财产性，继续维持宅基地的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非商品化、非资本化和非市场化对农民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来讲就不再是利益保护，而是一种财产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利益的制度性损失</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。而在坚持宅基地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保障福利性质的学者看来，农民无偿取</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">得宅基地而又参考城市房屋价格出卖宅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基地并不合理，并且有带来社会动荡的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">危险</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">；应从农民生计工具的角度考察</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农村宅基地利用问题</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据现行《中华人民共和国土地管<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理法》的规定，只有农村集体经济组织</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">兴办的乡镇企业以及农村集体经济组织</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与其他单位、个人以土地使用权入股、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">联营等形式共同举办的乡镇企业才能经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依法批准使用集体经营性建设用地，所</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">谓“集体经营性建设用地使用权流转”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也以此类建设用地为限。与城市相比，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村庄产业用地分类十分粗放，用地企业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可在不突破规划管制的前提下，利用其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">专业知识低价向村集体租用土地，继而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改变用途实现土地增值。此外，集体经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营性建设用地使用权流转的收益如何在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村集体(村民)与地方政府之间分配也是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一个问题。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）乡村土地利用关系</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">十八届三中全会提出要使市场在资<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源配置中起决定性作用，但是土地作为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一种特殊的资源，不可能任由市场凭经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">济价值去决定用途，必须在政府划定的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间管控线范围内发挥作用。规划对多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">元主体中农民的利益问题采取适宜的制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衡策略，需要把握农用地、宅基地及集</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体经营性建设用地在土地制度改革中的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">刚性限制，以及三者之间转用的政策弹</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地制度总体具有刚性限制。国家<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严格保护耕地的目标始终不变，相关部</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门不断根据现实中农用地利用的新业态、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新情况出台政策予以规范，如2014年国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土资源部、农业部《关于进一步支持设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施农业健康发展的通知》界定了设施农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地分类和范围，并明确将一些容易混</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">淆的土地利用方式予以定性。宅基地制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度改革直接关系到农户自身利益的得失，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">坚持其保障性质依然意义重大，推进农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村宅基地有偿使用、退出等改革阻力较</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大。有学者通过分析土地制度改革试点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指出，集体经营性建设用地是乡村生产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地，其改革的成败不会对农户自</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">身生活产生过多影响，制度创新力度较</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大，推进的速度较快</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体内部在农用地与宅基地、集体<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营性建设用地之间一直存在着或强或</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弱的弹性转用空间，只是随着对耕地保</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护的强调、永久性基本农田的划定和建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地价格的上涨，这种转用才日益受</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到严格的管控</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。但严格管控也不意味</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">着现实中弹性转用空间完全消失。目前，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村的弹性转用指标来源包括：上级政</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府分配建设用地指标；根据增减挂钩的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相关政策，县域土地整理得到的农转用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标；乡村内部土地整理节余建设用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标。这些建设用地指标优先用于自上</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而下的重大项目，在一些特殊情况下也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可能用于处理农民土地问题，如满足重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大紧急建设项目被征用宅基地的农民对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">超标安置房的要求。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村土地利用的多元主体“利益<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制衡”机制</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济发达地区土地利用的多元主体<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“利益制衡”机制，由内生应对作用和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">外力制衡策略两方面构成。以下分为3</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个部分进行具体论述：第一、第二部分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从产业和住宅两个大类分析农用地、集</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体经营性建设用地与宅基地的局部机制；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">第三部分阐述规划从全局和整体高度对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农民利益可持续及利益受损风险进行调</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">控，包括时空上对土地开发进行弹性导</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">控，以及基于土地性质及价值对产权变</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动制定刚性底线(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1864754" data-w="488" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67cibnRHw1jzwiaaPvibDVNWGfg3j7U3Hb3IzNpSuGG5Bs45WAxMRwkqW7A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）产业用地</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)“能人经纪”的内生力量。经济<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能人治村是当前乡村治理的一个重要特</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">征。据浙江省民政厅2008年统计，企业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家、工商户、养殖户等先富起来的人当</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">选为村委会主任或村党支部书记的比例</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">已经高达2/3。众多学者肯定了经济能</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人治村的积极作用：有学者认为它是“管</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理者控制—权势精英主导—群众自治”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村民自治渐进发展过程中必不可少的过</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">渡性阶段；经济发展等“带领致富”的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">积极效应成为共识。外部企业投资农业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和非农产业，乡村能人都是其中无法绕</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开的主体：首先村集体是农村土地的法</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定权属所有者，流程上企业必然与之进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行互动；其次为了与农户交易(将分散的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">承包地流转)，资本不得不依靠村两委开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展宣传、说服等工作，以减少组织成本。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本研究将能人在产业类用地利益平</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衡过程中的角色归纳为“能人经纪”。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以保护农用地和提升农业现代化水平为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展目标：组织和培育新型农业经营主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体(专业农户、农民专业合作社和农业企</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业)，在资本下乡之际为专业农户优先保</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">留一部分耕种机会，维护家庭经营模式。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以促进产业融合为目标：充当土地流转</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中介，优选企业，把控资本经营土地的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合理范围及限度，就利益分配展开博弈</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)农用地：溢出承接策略。农用地<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的溢出价值有生态和文化两方面，生态</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值是指农用地具有调节微气候、维护</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生物多样性等生态服务功能；文化价值</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是指其提供优美景观的作用。规划要改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">善农用地破碎化现象，充分利用原有农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业资源，重视自然山水地貌特征，发挥</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自然环境条件优势，因地制宜地进行规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划布局，减少基础性投资，提升溢出价值。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划与营建要协助村集体和农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民充分承接农用地的溢出价值，诱发新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的非农产业形态和农民生计方式。根据</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农用地经营类型和溢出价值的不同，调</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整存量用地的用途、布局和用地指标等：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施农业类，优先考虑未来扩大生产的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可能性，预留部分农用地先由专业农户</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家庭经营；传统农业类的文化价值相对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">突出，可根据经营状况将部分工业产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地规划为工商产业用地，谋划旅游业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或休闲农业发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)集体经营性建设用地：精明保权<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略。作为农村一、二、三产融合的重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要载体，集体经营性建设用地对就地延</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伸产业链条、发展休闲农业有着重要作</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用，需要精明利用相关土地资源，确保</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村集体和农民在非农产业发展中的经营</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权和收益权。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">珍惜有限的存量集体经营性建设用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地，不盲目地对集体经营性建设用地加</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以集中，包括向园区集中或向某个项目</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中；保持适度零散的经营性建设用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结构既可以避免休闲农业用地占用与破</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">坏耕地，又可以促进农用地的多功能开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发，就地实现乡村的三产融合。充分尊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重现有用地企业的土地使用权；重视村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体和农民的整体利益，认识到存量工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业用地的负外部性，如空置、用房破败等，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对低效的用地区块进行重新规划，并注</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意适度保留部分用地优先供给村内企业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）宅基地</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)局部倒逼的内生应对。随着我国<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济的发展，一种以效率为核心、以重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">视土地利用为基本理念的现代法律制度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展趋势已成为一股力量，对现有宅基</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地制度的保障性法律基础提出挑战</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济发达地区农民自发进行宅基地和房</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">屋使用权流转，也是对制度安排的抵抗。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对农民的抵抗抗争行为，最初采取的办</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法是严厉打击，堵、防、禁是主要手段，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但由于农民宅基地隐形交易发生的数量</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和频率太高，“法不责众”法则最终起</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了作用，从基层土地管理部门和基层政</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府开始进行“制度边际调整”，随后试</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点工作被提上议程</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。在不改变用途及</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">耕地总量动态平衡的前提下，各地的宅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基地利用试点改革有效地回避了与现行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法律的直接冲突。本研究将以上过程归</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纳为乡村内部在宅基地利益问题上所起</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到的“局部倒逼”作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)生计优化策略。从一定程度上来<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">说，多样化是农户收入不高时所采取的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生计策略。经济发达地区农户开拓非农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">就业机会有诸多便利。浙江省自改革开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">放初期便响应国家政策，以独户或联户</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的形式发展家庭工业，也是较早依靠农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民住房发展农家乐家庭旅馆和民宿的地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区。乡村营建与规划在原则上坚持宅基</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地居住功能和保障性质的基础上，要继</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">续帮助发挥宅基地和农民房屋在农民非</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农业生计上的工具作用。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村规划可综合农民生活与生产所</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需的合理规模，制定“产住一体单元”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的面积限值和空间配比。针对家庭产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在空间和景观上的特征与需求，乡村规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划应研制符合产业功能和特色的图则导</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则，引导当地群众改造和新建农民房屋，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优化提升其产居复合环境。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）整体制衡策略</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划通过时空上对土地开发进行弹<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性导控，并基于土地性质及价值对产权</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变动制定刚性底线，从全局和整体高度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保障农民利益可持续与调控利益受损风</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">险。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 土地开发的弹性导控——存量<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">留用与渐进增长。一种比较普遍的村庄</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划做法是把乡村的建设用地填得非常</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“满”，每一块用地的性质和功能都得</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到了安排。这种规划方式简单地把城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增量规划的工作方式沿用到乡村，没有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">认识到存量规划中土地价值的复杂性，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面可能助长非农产业对农业的挤压</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作用，影响农业现代化对于用地的需求，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面如果肆意将土地利用价值较大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的用地调整为收益较小或非盈利性用地，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将大大增加乡村建设的成本。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以较小的代价实现乡村土地的弹性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转用，需要乡村规划采用存量留用的策</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">略。存量留用是指根据各土地使用权主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体对土地的利用现状，将超标宅基地比</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较集中、企业经营状况不佳、区位优势</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">突出的部分集体建设用地划作留用地，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">限制留用地范围内的建设，通过留用地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整理作为设施农业发展的农用地或者休</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">闲农业、乡村旅游等产业发展的经营性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地。这样，乡村就有空间上的余</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地来协调平衡利益关系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1959年，林德布罗姆提出了渐进式<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划理论；1973年，伯兰奇提出了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">连续性城市规划理论，强调城市规划是连</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">续的行动所形成的产出</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。乡村的发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也不可能一蹴而就，而是处于动态的发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程中。因此，作为规划设计主体要具备</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">敏锐的洞察力，与有关利益主体不断沟通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与反馈，关注及识别在乡村营建过程中利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益格局的不稳定征兆。一方面，规划应该</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有所侧重，关注和解决核心问题所在；另</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，规划设计的实施应该分阶段进行，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">每个阶段应该根据该阶段的成果反馈来明</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">晰下一阶段的行动。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)产权变动的刚性底线——营利放<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活与保障稳健。现代产权理论用“权利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">束”概念替代传统“合一所有权”概念，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分解为产权主体对产权客体所拥有的各</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种权能，如租赁权、使用权与抵押权等，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">继而产权主体既可以以单一主体的形式</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">存在，又可以通过产权分解以多元主体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的形式存在。就乡村土地而言，土地产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权权能由合一到分解、土地产权主体由</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">单一到多元的变动，是土地资源稀缺和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场介入土地资源配置的必然结果。公</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有制背景下，规划要在尊重市场的基础</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上发挥刚性底线作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体经营性用地的营利性较强，随<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">着各地入市试点经验的推广，相关土地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用途管制宜粗不宜细，放活乡村和企业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在土地最佳用途、最高出价方面的协商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决定权。农用地和宅基地的保障性较强，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意味着流转的对象要设定身份限制和资</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">格门槛，流转的价格应遵循一个地区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">官方指导而非由市场决定，对土地开发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用行为的管制应更充分有效，平稳健</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">康地推进农业现代化和农民市民化。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 实证研究</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）范本村落的概况</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碧门村隶属浙江省湖州市安吉县灵<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">峰街道，辖青山、碧门、黄母口、浒溪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口和沿景坞5个自然村，2015年全村居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住人口为1725人。碧门村属半山区，东、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西部为山地，中部相对平缓，201省道南</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">北向穿村而过。在20世纪90年代台商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进驻之际，依托优越的地理位置和便利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的交通条件以竹工厂、家庭作坊为产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">单元开启了机制竹凉席的乡村工业化道</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路。如今全村90％的劳动力从事竹加工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业，人均年收入达到2.5万元，为富裕型</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城郊乡村。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）土地利益关系的困局</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碧门村呈现着北部为大型厂房工业<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区、中部为家庭作坊密集区、西部为家</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">庭作坊零散区的现状用地格局(图3)。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过对农用地、宅基地和集体经营性建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地的调研，了解碧门村土地利益关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系的困境(图4)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0879346" data-w="489" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67ZjeA1UQkRrRMfCWUdgskmQAoibCMRIv8BiaNJeA1popxbUyj2MBzpMicA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0698603" data-w="501" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67icicWRPhzCt2YgeicnIBcM1lHjxiccV7YywoRMysqIfqHOETcapo9uDUcg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碧门村多数劳动力转移到竹加工业，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造成大量农用地的实际抛荒。没有人管</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理，农用地上就没有收入，于是部分村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组将土地流转，使得短期内农民个人利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益最大化。但以逐利为单一目标、生产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工艺落后的企业却在经营活动中带来了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">负外部性，不但对公共利益造成影响，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而且农民的个人利益也难以持续。以位</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于201省道与205省道交汇处北侧的苗</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">木场为例，2005年有老板向青山自然村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三队村民租赁了近10亩土地种植苗木，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但2010年开始转而从事树皮加工，空地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上堆满树皮，经过发酵等工序后，再作</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为花木肥料出售，生产过程严重影响环</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">境卫生。这充分说明公权力对农用地流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转的对象设定身份限制和资格门槛等刚</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性底线的重要性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪90年代响应国家政策，碧<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门村农户创业热情高涨，充分利用房前</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">屋后空间搭建工棚发展家庭工业。村民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">钱包鼓起来了，但优美的环境、开阔的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">视野却消失了，农房外部空间逼仄，断</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">头路较多，作坊的钢棚影响了住房采光</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通风。小微企业面临的市场环境也日趋</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">繁杂，生存愈发艰难：以竹凉席为主打</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产品，生产销售淡旺季差异明显；低端</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竹凉席通过传统渠道销售困顿，资金回</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流慢。2008年金融危机中，碧门村25％</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家庭作坊破产倒闭，年久失修的厂房和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">钢棚影响了村容村貌。作为受害者同时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也是施害者，普通村民没有动机和能力</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来解决这些困扰他们的利益问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碧门村在集体经营性建设用地管理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上同样面临着超出其能力范围的问题。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">污染排放在安吉县竹加工企业中比较普</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">遍，县级部门多次发布行业整治的文件，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但停留在通过改进生产工艺减少排放的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">阶段，作为“两山”理论的发源地，安</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">吉县进一步采取工业集聚入园作为整治</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">手段只是时间问题。碧门村少数竹加工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">企业在用地手续不全的“违章”建筑中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行生产，更是加大了经营风险。采取</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主动措施引导企业自我改造、保留集体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营性建设用地的所有权，比较符合碧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门村整体利益最大化的要求，但村集体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济实力弱，无法对众多私营企业产生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实质影响，产业融合发展、将有限的土</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地资源留给优质企业的目标也无从谈起。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0px 3.2px 3px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）适宜的乡建制衡策略</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)破局的助力。上级政府主导了碧<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门村利益困局的破解。碧门村2014年并</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入灵峰街道，灵峰街道与灵峰旅游度假</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区管委会属于“一套班子、两块牌子”，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集行政管理与平台经营于一体。度假区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管委会正积极申报创建以乡村旅游为主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题的国家级旅游度假区，同时招引符合</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度假区产业定位的高品质项目落地，而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碧门村恰恰处于201省道从杭州到灵峰</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度假区的必经之路上，因此“一切围绕‘国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅’转”的灵峰街道十分重视碧门村的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村容村貌、生态污染等问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">浙江省各级地方政府对美丽乡村精</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">品示范村创建工作的高额奖补资金是碧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门村主动开展村庄整治更新行动的经济</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">助力。安吉县是2013年首批浙江省财政</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">厅“推动‘一事一议’财政奖补政策转</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型升级、促进美丽乡村试点工作”试点县，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">安吉县制定出特色村、重点村及精品村3</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类美丽乡村标准，创建达到相关标准能</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">够获得人均250元、500元和1000元的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">奖励。灵峰街道的美丽乡村精品示范村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">创建早在2014年就已启动，横山坞村和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">剑山村先后成功创建。本次规划实质上</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是以村集体和村民主体利益为导向开展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的“利益制衡”机制实践行动。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)土地开发的弹性导控：存量留用<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与渐进增长。采取对既有工业用地进行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集约利用的规划，并将部分区域设为留</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用区，为未来产业调整发展留下一定弹</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性。依据各个不同地块的交通优势和既</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有资源，明确片区功能、提高空间利用率，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将北部定位为产展销一体化的创意竹产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业园，中部的家庭作坊则提升空间品质</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转型为参观式竹工坊的产住一体化片区，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西部零散作坊区则依托优美的山林风光</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成为山水田居休闲产业区(图5)。在整个</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程中，对显性土地利用仅作顺应性调</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整而非大拆大建的变革，降低整体失衡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">风险。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7550403" data-w="992" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67bXElKViaBcvBOmsvBA6vrfX5UyYjhoReRR2snlgsUCGVnkDZlFa7QTA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村的发展是渐进的，依据乡村占<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有资源情况逐步分期实施、动态实践。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，中部的家庭作坊区为中心村，具</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有优先实施的必要，因此第一步依据作</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">坊的建筑原型、结合村民经营意愿开展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">菜单式改造；第二步，依托安吉县作为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">知名乡村休闲旅游目的地，将西部山坳</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的零散作坊培育为接待休闲游客的民宿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体验区将具有较大可行性；第三步，碧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门村集体有了一定资本和资源积累后，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可利用集体经济优势将北部逐步打造为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产、展、销一体化的竹产业创意园。采</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用渐进增长的模式，同时给予乡村多元</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主体内部磨合的时间，避免出现较大的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">冲突，顺利达到相对平衡的状态。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)能人带动的产业融合：功能提升<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与利益共享。根据“能人经纪”这一内</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生力量，规划建构了碧门村生态、产业、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人居复合空间结构(图6)。村党支部书记</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长年从事竹制品开发和生产，在担任村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">党支部书记后，他将企业交由妻子打理，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全身心投入碧门村发展工作中。2008年，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碧门村村庄建设规划将中心村最大居住</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组团西侧约300亩农用地规划为产业发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展备用地，近年来通过与村民公平协商，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一区域及北侧约740亩承包地集中流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转到了村集体名下(图7)。村党支部书</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">记作为乡村经纪(代理)人，可通过招商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引资优选外部农业企业，以土地入股的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式与其合作开发生态农业园项目；引</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导项目经营范围，以智能温室大棚促进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农业生产现代化，以采摘大棚吸引市民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">观光体验；落实农副产品加工用房、生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态餐厅等内容的建设用地指标。项目开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发成功后，农民及村集体将从中获得分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">红收益，也获得开发乡村民宿的机遇。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">第一、第二、第三产业融合发展，平衡“农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民—村集体—企业”之间的利益关系。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.027027" data-w="555" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67V39vunNhCyNADT0JjibiaicpdCAUBkgZKy4bpofa9VMzns6sqlk5KMZzQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2284483" data-w="464" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67w4Ov5UP73FdBdvV4kYUq2VibdHbbHOK1W6VTiaUNics3ZfyY383HknOWg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前村内一个新崛起的产业发展模</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式是“电商+竹制品”：一些乡村能人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">察觉到传统销售方式的弊端，利用互联</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网发展竹制品批发业务，尝到甜头后，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他们关停了自己的企业，只作出租或者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配合乡村环境整改的钢棚拆除行动，并</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与村内众多生产企业洽谈合作事宜——</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">线上销售的事情由他们负责，企业只需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">专心抓生产保质量。如果这一模式能够</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成功并进一步推广，将实现碧门村的竹</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产业升级，带动村民创收。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依托现状工业用地、未利用土地的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竹产业文化创意园同样也有赖于村集体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和乡村能人的组织，在资源搜寻、洽谈</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合作过程中均需依托村内乡村能人的经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">验与资源共享。未来园区将涵盖竹产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化展示、电子商务服务、特色竹产品</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体验和返村青年创业服务等复合功能。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新一代产业人才的培育，也将持续加强</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村民在利益格局中的地位。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)家庭作坊的空间升级：生计优化<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与产居共融。梳理乡村现有产居关系的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“空间图谱”，根据村民产业转型选择</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行分类整改，逐一给出相应“菜单式”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调整策略(图8)。目前碧门村家庭作坊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的产居空间形式有院落型、辅房型和叠</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合型，其中院落型、辅房型占地面积较大，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间品质较差，需要将部分作坊钢棚拆</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除。对放弃家庭作坊的农户，拆除钢棚、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">辅房，恢复原有景观。对仍有经营需求</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的家庭作坊，基于宅基地和农民房屋是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农户创业物质载体的现实情况，充分尊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重家庭作坊的生计方式延续：引导院落</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型作坊采用开天窗等构件改造手法；对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">辅房型作坊鼓励营造竹产业的文化特色；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">叠合型作坊则以环境整治为重点。远期</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">逐步推动家庭作坊搬迁到北部厂房工业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区为小微企业设立的专门园区，在空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">置换中维系利益平衡。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5435435" data-w="999" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaQtxatMosl7J65s1qrMia67iaTSwI8r7YxU3wEXYa2SNQic0TMwx9ZxbaiakiaY6DhSm42rHvdULtgrtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-bottom: -0.9em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-right: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-top: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);max-width: 5% !important;border-bottom: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(241, 54, 63);padding: 2px 5px;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-top: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);border-left: 0.4em solid rgb(147, 54, 29);max-width: 5% !important;border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 0.4em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 0.9em;border-top: 3px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 33px;padding-left: 3px;padding-top: 3px;float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-left: -3px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: -3px;margin-bottom: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 33px;padding-right: 3px;padding-top: 3px;float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: left;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: right;margin-right: -3px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: right;margin-right: -3px;margin-bottom: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="min-height: 60px;padding: 10px;margin: -25px 3px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">通过对经济发达地区乡村土地利用的分析，可以清楚地看到土地市场化、资本化发展趋势下农民根本利益受损的风险。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">多元主体“利益制衡”机制中，内生应对作用涉及经济能人应对资本下乡的保护性经纪作</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">用，以及农民倒逼政府开展闲置宅基地和农房盘活利用试点改革、出台地方政策。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">外力制衡策略强调规划协助村集体和农民充分承接农用地的溢出价值，精明配置存量集体经营性建设用地资源，确保村集体和农民在产业发展中的经营权</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">和收益权，诱发和优化农民非农生计方式。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">同时，整体的存量土地留用策略为乡村三产融合提供了空间上的弹性，渐进增长策略为土地发展留出了利益协调的时间余地，营利放活与保障稳健的产权变动刚性底线保证农民根本利益不受损。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-indent: 32px;">完善多元主体“利益制衡”机制对于规划引领实现政府主导、农民主体、社会资助、企业参与及市场运作的乡村振兴战略意义重大。</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 33px;padding-left: 3px;padding-bottom: 3px;float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: -3px;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-left: -3px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 33px;padding-right: 3px;padding-top: 3px;float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;border-radius: 100%;margin-right: -3px;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 30px;height: 30px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-left: -1px;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -3px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibubGwvtKmKNicUZ17BaJf7HOYgiaphRKiaOPHDILXxYkzCU7uLadC8P7xbfaxIEDaYrEJLmUAksOytBGlp41Az8pw/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年11期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: center;">刘芳</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年11期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong>乡村土地利用的多元主体“利益制衡”机制及实践<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">转载须知</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请在</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">后台回复“转载”二字</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">查看转载要求，</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">如需开白名单进行转载请在后台留下公众号ID，</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">感谢您的支持！</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px;margin-right: 3px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 6px;padding-right: 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">往期精选</p></section><img data-ratio="2" data-w="50" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/5Jh9n5frwYyBk4esxD7an9AiaibLg6OibYR81PtlLUxFFZHwcOrThXxjzNaSFsBMuUKMR2O1UWzWOuE6S6LHnGjDA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;" width="0.8em" data-type="png"  /></section><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;margin-right: -6px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: -2px;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(117, 114, 114);word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.【规划师论坛1】国家中心城市建设绩效评估与天津空间发展战略响应研究</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.【规划师论坛2】西部国家中心城市的功能体系及西安建设对策研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.【规划师论坛3】武汉建设国家中心城市的目标愿景及核心策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.【规划师论坛4】东北振兴战略下沈阳建设国家中心城市策略研究</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iamibeYZNJVBdwBFBBDExp82uDPQxvZ6iboHUsiaicTdhXOhoPmxbWqJibKtgZTwr52se66oadCNEAHE94nWSzZSIugw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3037037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhfVbUUdgtHYxvoN0vk971drvzM2agU7oOWMYmicwgGlNIuuUGsvWyTqRIibUEKWxybia6MjeiaWkujJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="300" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhfVbUUdgtHYxvoN0vk971dd2o8cic25kUoticpEMXJyM7wBTJicQOJmb2BibnbHJPo2VTBhnGiaEHSqEg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhfVbUUdgtHYxvoN0vk971djicMHuNUdkE5icszWrO9DEia5TCTBzZs4XTI3ibicGzVAUPLw314kCfk80Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/iakkoF6MbKBHXj1UZ64fzIkatcWU9sRRoexaXSoWoLyqic5jLVGZ5ibtibtFtBXdVd1vusf460Wh8ibkaBSINR3kUyA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhfVbUUdgtHYxvoN0vk971dKX8yDCokdjtxa42o3VwoFfek1SNpSAfJ8uzicf4kkNiaGkfCQwwIdvZA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section>
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