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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"></section><section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.2px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 3px 10px 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 35%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaftibqYIA2c5U4lQug2nGkF8iaQdGafp806Z7OEGVjDmbsCHf4USPnBnMQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 65%;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID:</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;border-left: 5px none rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);border-top: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(133, 132, 132) 1.41421px 1.41421px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">刘冰</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 32px;text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin: auto;width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;background-position: 76.1991% 21.4059%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 425.781%;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaf0ia5j8dPDGZ4gIn1hXcWLQAgAzhg6ia0tkicnDVMMydnejcxYWp9FzC4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.7777778" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaf0ia5j8dPDGZ4gIn1hXcWLQAgAzhg6ia0tkicnDVMMydnejcxYWp9FzC4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -60px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(158, 158, 158);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间设计师</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与城市经济研究学者</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(54, 54, 54);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">持有对城市空间、建筑设计、城市经济学等多维度的城市、农业地区发展及空间设计思想。主持或主创国内外城市规划及建筑设计项目100余项。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现为上海复旦规划建筑设计研究院共享城市研究室主任；加拿大LD国际城市研究中心创始人。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 68.3688%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafAOBMW0p4WfNRZ3btHGTokPONPS6O9SnE0l5eBMHJibkUKIEv8d43Wzw/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">相对于一段旅程，如果终点是疾病和毁灭，速度就失去了价值和意义。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">让位给市场的城市规划时期，规划偏离了生活本质，背离了城市化核心价值，长期以来中国城市规划处于事实上的“失控”。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgba(41, 112, 36, 0.21);box-sizing: border-box;">今天的文章讲到了一些城市规划现存的问题，在表达方式上较为直接，但不妨碍我们正确的认识现在的不足，共同创造美好的未来城市。</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaffVL7rxLWmOMSbz0KhEARLvaAGDFV3sX9eU4bn3OniaibCapbKCOicktog/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国传统城市规划理论及规划建设导则事实上已经陷入无创新、背离城市化宗旨、失去基本健康生活标准、无现代规划理论可依的窘境，传统的规划导则也令大多城市空间发展陷入了尴尬的局面。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这意味着国内城市长期处于宏观与微观两大方向的规划失控；<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">宏观方面</strong></span>主要表现在全国范围内几乎所有城市不顾资源承载力和经济承载力的泛大城市化、土地财政、土地城市化。<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微观层面</strong></span>主要表现在城市内部空间发展与环境、生活与工作、公共资源分配的失衡。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">伴随大多数城市快速扩张，诸多城市并未能实现发展与环境、工作与生活的平衡。</strong>无论是大区域空间还是城市内部空间的公共资源分配、区域经济规划等失衡，失去应有共享与使用的便捷性和资源的集约利用经济的协同合作。<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">许多建成区刚建成不久即面临城市病的困扰。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这主要是因为过去的城市规划所执行的规划导则缺乏多专业融合与创新、缺乏现代城市规划的基本原则、过度逐利并且不符合国际公认的健康标准，甚至远低于 1933 年国际建筑师学会颁布的 《雅典宪章》的标准。从而失去对于现代城市空间发展的正确引领功能。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">为此我在 2015 年出版的《世纪之城：中<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">国城市规划再出发》中对中国城市现行的规划经济指标做了较大调整，2016年住建部下发的城市规划暂行条例也与此基本一致的做了一些调整，旋即引起全国范围的对于旧城区和新建城区空间更新热潮。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">但中国城市规划宏观与微观总体失控带来的诸多城市问题绝非仅通过表皮的整容可以化解。</strong></span>由于城市符合基本健康标准的规划策略长期缺失，长期基于利益蔓延的城市扩张，早已使城市空间背离现代生活的本质。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">越来越多的事实一再证明：</strong>长期处于失控的城市规划亟待一种能够实现发展与环境、工作与生活平衡的、系统的规划创新策略支撑，在此我们将其主要症结及应对措施简要总结如下：</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaf4eClZlV5Fq14WFbINEpGDd8uPib3V2giaicicG5brfuj6MfVYrm864oibuA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.基于控制指标分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">长期以来国家执行的城市规划管理条例并没有符合国际公认的城市空间、城市生活健康标准。城市规划的健康标准甚至还未能达到 1933 年《雅典宪章》所明确的空间范式。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划一直没有及时跟进经济发展的需求以及科技进步进行有效的适时调整，</strong>导致虽然有统一的国家规划管理政策，但事实上对于现代城市空间规划早已失去较为科学合理的规划指导价值，形成事实上的无规可依的局面。许多城市空间陷入失去健康宜居和空间发展失衡的困境。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafibRLmLMibiaZ3SicLVibPLZaQNOvS1rwAzbOhm0ukLmkG3qlRw7w5OG1Y1g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2. 基于专业人才角度分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">有的规划没有引入与城市问题密切相关的多专业融入，缺乏宏观引领和微观的精准设计，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">出现盲目的泛大城市化和城市内部空间的非健康发展</span></strong>。国内城市规划没能真正融合与城市问题密切关联的诸多专业力量，城市经济学家、人类学家、科学家、自然资源环境保护等专业力量长期缺位中国城市规划，使城市规划方案在设计和审批两个层面都难以保证规划方案的宏观性、前瞻性，从而降低了规划方案对城市及国土空间发展的指导价值。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">很多城市忽略了自然资源承载力和经济、人力资源承载力，盲目的致力于规划发展成为大城市，<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一方面</strong></span>导致西部、中部地区自然环境、河流生态体系等区域环境与自然资源破坏，容易导致中下游宜居地区自然生态环境恶化。<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面</strong></span>这些缺乏自然资源与经济资源以及人力资源等支撑的泛大城市规划建设必将面临不可持续的困境。还将给国家大区域总体发展带来不可估量的损失。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">旧规划体系之下，具有科学理性指导价值的国家空间总体规划、城市规划、自然资源保护性总体规划几乎是空白。</strong></span>在具体规划事物中其他各专业如城市经济学、社会学、城市历史研究等长期缺位，中国改革开放三十多年以来、在整个规划研究领域缺少系统的规划理念创新。导致城市规划没能及时响应城市经济、科学技术的快速进步，对于城市发展没有及时给予现代城市规划理论引导。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafSdZU6Rica95ibfQiaW5KAswzia3PpOZnHbgrBhGyZRLSUzKSkfCoDibLia1Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.基于行业局限角度分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间规划方面出现普遍规划业务垄断现象。</strong>创意行业出现垄断，严重影响城市规划理念创新和城市空间的健康发展。并且一般的规划缺乏多专业（经济学、科技、人文、艺术、自然资源保护等）融合，导致城市空间规划难以实现人们健康和谐的城市生活。这样也就不难理解我们为何对于西方国家城市空间盲目照搬，这是缺乏文化自信的表现。我们的城市规划大多失去对与自身自然资源和人类资源因素的重视，大量非健康城市空间出现，失去其个性特色及未来存在价值。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaf2PEFs9kKc9V2tzic3ZabjyZd6EtZk7ueKfVBJibgTImL9KnictEtDIMTQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4. 基于空间经济指标角度分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一直以来，我们执行的<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间经济指标弹性过大</strong></span>，使规划策略失去对于城市健康生活标准的保障作用。在经济主导下的城市住宅及商业建设用地比例始终按国家规定的较高比例实行，虽然没有违反“规范”，但许多城市空间却偏离健康生活标准，城市建筑密度、容积率、居住用地比例等过高，绿地率、建筑日照时间也远远低于健康生活标准。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">许多城市新区及建成区的土地利用规划阶段比较重视经济收入因素，极力压缩公共设施及城市道路用地，大量增加可供销售的居住用地比例，导致城市主干道间隔过长、支路网密度不够、城市社区单元规模过大、公共服务设施及公共静态空间规划不足，对不能创造收入的旧城区道路改造以及增加路网密度等失去热情。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">居民工作生活通勤时间过多、中心城区拆迁的空间大多重新被用于商业开发，而不是增加绿地与阳光以使空间获得再平衡，城市空间始终处于失衡状态。因此，即使修建更宽阔的快速路、城市环线、立体高架路以及地铁等，人们发现城市交通仍然无法摆脱拥堵。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">事实上，早在 1977 年的《马丘比丘宪章》中就已经明确提出：<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">并不存在理想的道路设计能够解决城市拥堵问题</strong></span>，所以我们看到，公交优先的 3.0 城市策略也不是很奏效。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">据相关数据显示，美国纽约截至 2010 年拥有小汽车约 800 多万辆，同期的北京和上海分别是 500 万辆和 270 万辆，但纽约的总体交通并没有比北京、上海拥堵现象更严重。从这些城市的道路与建筑构成的空间肌理对比，可以看出北京、上海与西方城市在道路及空间规划方面的差异给城市交通造成的影响（图1）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 50%;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1007194" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafxITy9ciaHjWL5PV84bFZCVxPKmntRfBAbMLGaFKmwWCicnfRx7TFyE0A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="278" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 50%;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2122538" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafh9jGg48iaLh907V7Q7ZThEBMiaseM9MAsGnWcDpPsEdzUGN9iaDqIfnDw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="457" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">（a）唐朝长安             （b）福州三坊七巷</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6960432" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafiaslVGiarUeNEucT2QR1PD5KL3KAjnIO0oM9gIM9GVpddv62qqbaNSvg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="556" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(125, 116, 108);box-sizing: border-box;">图1 城市空间肌理</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">大多数城在规范道路标示、公共停车位、门号牌及静态交通系统的规划建设还做得不够完善，这些因素也是造成城市局部拥堵的重要原因。通过完善城市标识设计、规划建设智能感知系统、可变车道技术、大数据及数据分析技等提升交通效率。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市内部一些大型开放空间的规划设计平面化，缺少与整个城市空间的立体衔接。</strong>比如一些大型城市综合体、购物中心、学校、医院等公共开放空间。加强城市内部较大型开放空间与城市的立体衔接，或者将其功能逐渐转移分布至各级共享中心，把空间拆分转变成为城市新兴产业空间，同时保障城市其它区域的交通系统可以无障碍的通过这些开放空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间总体规划应调整建筑基底密度，控制住宅小区规模，实现大社区、小街坊，生态慢行共享大道、密路网。城市就业、居住、绿地休闲、教育等功能复合多核化。减少居民因工作、教育、购物等的通勤时间，实现工作与生活之间的平衡。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafBiabZhsxpFKjYX0s5zXv44kXgic3MwQfpYEumPyDD2jiaagEHKibico8CAA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5. 基于城市规划服务周期角度分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">大多城市都不同程度地遭遇到简单粗暴的规划设计。城市空间发展本质是一个连续的、不断变化调整的进化过程，一座包罗万象、养育千千万万人们的城市甚至<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">需要一个规划师团队付出一生的时间加以研究、跟踪规划和专业服务。</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我们当前的规划环境很难满足这样的标准，城市一般也没有这样的资金能够提供这样的环境去落实这样的规划，而规划师们也难以终身只服务于一个项目，这个问题什么时候才能得以解决，我也不知道。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafUJAl19paRzPAEsmTMqeaXoaRzu0BNwATrB3kUa9kHSegS8nNCZj1Vw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6. 基于城市规划理念角度分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">单中心化城市的思维使国内大城市长期以城市政府办公大楼及云集其周围的科、教、文、卫等城市职能部门为中心进行快速扩张，这种单中心化的城市空间规划使城市中心区产生功能与交通的向心力，吸引人口和交通流量潮汐性地向城市中心移动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">交通流量失衡是导致城市拥堵的重要原因之一。</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市公共资源规划分布不均衡及公共资源利用分配政策不合理，例如优质的医疗和教育资源只集中于某一局部，没有实现其全城共享，导致同一城市空间不同区域的利益价值差别过大，空间发展很难获得平衡。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现在很多城市也在尝试实现多中心、多核化发展，这样城市所有公共资源充分实现共享，新区规划及城市建成区可通过综合规划、城市更新，成为我们构想的共享城市。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zaftboxCoAW80WIvq8Xa4lSRNOmeza1NFloMmjc8CtWDLIdqn4G4Qlr3Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7.基于城市规划大型绿地和综合体角度分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的规划体系、规划意识理念内，习惯性的强调在城市内部规划建设大型城市公园，超大型商业综合体，这种空间规划理念是导致中国城市空间失衡的重要原因之一。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">改革开放后，中国城市步入三十多年快速扩张期以来，城市建成区一种普遍的错误现象是在城市内部规划大型公园绿地和超大型商业综合体。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一些拥江拥河的城市除在城市内部规划大型公园同时还规划建设了庞大的滨河带状景观公园，这是否真的有必要呢？</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">通过我们的数据调研发现了一件有趣的事，大型公园绿地、停车库及周边地面交通体系等投资庞大，服务半径通常不超过 600米，市民对其使用率、共享率较低，即使周末也人迹罕见，平时居民几乎绝迹。而在广泛的生活集聚区绿地规划及用地却严重供给不足，人们健身、跳舞只能拥挤在充斥着汽车尾气与各色人流的马路边或街头。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">大型公共空间在实质上成为了利用率低的城市失衡空间。</strong>平时无人光顾、而在周末人多时又容易使周边区域的交通及停车空间压力陡增。如果打开卫星地图，会发现大型城市公园和超级商业综合体庞大的空间甚至会突兀地切断车水马龙的城市道路网络。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">因此这种令城市空间规划面临失控的规划需要得到改变，城市需要更为全面系统的城市规划导则，在城市内部根据自己的城市特征尽量少规划或者不规划或不更新改造大型城市公园绿地和超级购物中心，将建成区的大型公园和商业按共享城市规划原则，基于实现全体居民共享的分布式规划或更新为现代城市空间。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafabxADpm1cwewUTen4p9B05EYQy1XfTysPe9JKZftkxBDosIBA6sXvw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">8. 基于“大城市化规划</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">”</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">许多城市没有正确地评估其自然资源与经济资源等承载力就去规划发展大城市，而不同城市经常出现各自为阵，经济发展难以互补、产业结构相互重叠并导致同质化竞争，导致区域内无法实现彼此分工合作。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">即使距离很近的不同城市之间也缺乏经济与技术协作，导致区域内不同城市经济、科教文卫等公共事业发展差距较大，人口向拥有更多优势公共资源的高一级城市跨区域流动并导致其人口及交通流量过度密集，引发区域内不同城市发展失衡。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市产业规划在产业链的完整及区域间协同合作上不够注重，很难建立一体化的区域经济。产业结构不完整、聚合度不够，产业力量薄弱、产业分工分散，同质化竞争严重，导致产业工人跨区域通勤的城际交通压力大，年复一年的钟摆式跨越数千公里全国性流动的产业工人大军，给整个国家交通系统带来压力，农业地区家庭长期处于离散状态，城市居民难以实现工作与生活的平衡。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">国内城市应多重视空间与资源的集聚效应，建立资源共享、数字与实体空<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">间规划合一的区域经济与空间聚合架构。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAdVx4T3N5AZJ19XdMP5zafulicMTXicsm9rhUnLeuLqe88BkrmZOeibYzcaOLGQ7vLgA6ST6eGU7l1Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(87, 146, 90);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">9. 基于现有规划体系的分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">对于国家规划组织系统的改革，中国工程院吴志强院士在其一篇题为“论进入 21 世纪时中国城市规划体系的建设”1中做了系统的研究，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">提出从纵向和横向建立国家空间规划组织体系</strong>，其中<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">纵向包括：</span></strong>国土规划、大区域规划、地域规划、市域规划和乡镇规划管理组织机构。横向从中央政府到省级、市级、市镇级层面上的调整。目的是建立一套理性的、权限界定明确的、高效协作的组织系统。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">2018年3月，国家成立国家资源部，全面负责行使之前较为分散的国家空间规划职能，将国土资源部的职责，国家发展和改革委员会的组织编制主体功能区规划职责，住房和城乡建设部的城乡规划管理职责，水利部的水资源调查和确权登记管理职责，农业部的草原资源调查和确权登记管理职责，国家林业局的森林、湿地等资源调查和确权登记管理职责，国家海洋局的职责，国家测绘地理信息局的职责整合，组建自然资源部，作为国务院组成部门。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">这或将是中国城市与乡村规划新里程的开始，将为中国城乡发展与资源利用开启新的辉煌，或将开启 21 世纪中国城市规划新时代。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">文章来源丨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文摘选自：《世纪之城：聚合·共享·更新》（2015年同济大学出版社出版），文章有适当删</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">减，可在阅读原文中了解本书相关内容。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">作者信息丨<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;box-sizing: border-box;">刘冰，空间设计师、城市规划与城市经济研究学者。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> 投稿邮箱丨xjxtd@126.com<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">中规建业城市规划设计院   信息中心</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 38%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(180, 179, 179);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 24%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(180, 179, 179);font-size: 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