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<section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class=""><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 556px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 文图</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">｜ </span><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">吴唯佳 </strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">清华大学建筑学院，首都区域空间规划研究北京市重点实验室</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-width: 61px;text-align: center;height: 1.8em;vertical-align: bottom;font-size: 1.125em;line-height: 1.8em;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">摘要</span></p></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;width: 0px;height: 0px;border-width: 1.125em 1.125em 2em 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(71, 193, 168);vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.25em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;height: 2em;transform: skew(30deg);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);opacity: 0.8;width: 0.5em;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: 0.25em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;height: 2em;transform: skew(30deg);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);opacity: 0.5;width: 0.5em;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: 0.25em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;height: 2em;transform: skew(30deg);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);opacity: 0.3;width: 0.5em;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><p style="margin-top: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文概要探讨了人居环境在区域、城市、建筑不同层次上的特点，以此结合空间规划和城市规划的不同侧重方面，提出要重视加强国家层面上的空间治理理念研究和空间治理体系的系统设计，加强不同规划层次之间的政策传递，特别是配套的权责和争议的处理规则，以及上下级规划的协同研究。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section class="" style="padding-right: 16px;padding-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-width: 61px;text-align: center;height: 1.8em;vertical-align: bottom;font-size: 1.125em;line-height: 1.8em;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关键词</span></p></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;width: 0px;height: 0px;border-width: 1.125em 1.125em 2em 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent transparent rgb(71, 193, 168);vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.25em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;height: 2em;transform: skew(30deg);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);opacity: 0.8;width: 0.5em;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: 0.25em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;height: 2em;transform: skew(30deg);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);opacity: 0.5;width: 0.5em;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section class="" style="margin-left: 0.25em;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;height: 2em;transform: skew(30deg);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);opacity: 0.3;width: 0.5em;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;text-indent: 2em;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人居环境；空间规划；治理体系</span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;width: 45%;margin-top: 0.2em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;float: right;width: 45%;margin-top: 0.2em;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0.5em;height: 0.5em;margin: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);-o-transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em;height: 0.5em;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-top: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">今天一般认为，城乡规划建设的重点在于建设一个美好的人居环境，实现城乡基本公共服务均等化。建设美好人居环境也是国家近年来不断提出的要求。习总书记反复强调，国家发展要让人民群众有获得感。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">美好人居环境是人民群众获得国家发展带来物质生活条件改善的最直接方面。</span></strong></p><section style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span></p></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">人居环境具有层次性</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">吴良镛先生把人居环境分为全球、区域、城市、社区（村镇）和建筑五个层次。人居环境除了是人类赖以生存的空间条件之外，也有其他的空间属性，包括文明福祉和价值创造的属性。所谓的空间生产，指的就是人居环境具有的价值生产的特性。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">不同层次的人居环境关于“美好”、宜居、有序的重点不一。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">吴先生在人居科学中对人居环境的区域、城市和建筑层次上的空间属性和规划重点，做出了如下概括:</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（1）</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">区域层面</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，要顺应区域-城市条件，协调自然-人工环境，建立区域发展的空间秩序。为此要关注生态、自然、环境保护，结合城市化与城市社会的空间变迁，建构多中心并联式聚落布局和区域发展走廊，加强区域协调与城乡统筹，形成区域统筹的城市-区域人居环境。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 16px;">（2）城市层面</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，要适应现代生活需求，尊重城市历史文脉，开展渐进式城市更新；利用和发展中国特有的“山-水-城”空间模式，将城市的历史保护与发展有机结合在一起，合理有序的规范土地利用，构建均等的公共服务体系和高效、可持续的基础设施体系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 16px;">（3）建筑层面</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，要发掘地方文化蕴涵，结合当地自然要素，加强传统建筑保护与创新，创造时代特色建筑；积极利用适宜技术，发展绿色建筑设计，关注空间环境行为模式，塑造宜人环境等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从上述划分来看，虽然区域、城市、建筑不同层次之间有着相互依赖关系，但还是能够看到它们之间存在的差别。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">区域-城市层面关注的重点在于空间资源和土地的有序利用和合理安排，城市-建筑层面的关注重点，除了有序之外，还有开发建设的效率，文明水平、社会包容等宜居环境方面。</span></strong></p><p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></p></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">特大城市地区的快速发展，</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">要求区域-城市层次在干预理念</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以及干预政策措施两个方向重视</span></p></strong></span><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">空间资源</span></strong></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></strong></span></p><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有序利用的科学治理</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></strong></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu"><section class=""><section class=""><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">战后以来，特大城市地区快速涌现。在美国，以纽约-华盛顿-波士顿为代表的11个特大城市地区，人口达2.4亿，占美国总人口77%。在日本，以东京特大城市地区为核心的太平洋沿岸城市群，人口7000万，占日本总人口61%。在德国，中小城市比较多，但是估计到2050年左右大城市地区人口将会占德国人口50%。在我国，京津冀、长三洲、珠三角三个特大城市地区，人口2亿多，占人口总数的18%。预计2050年我国特大城市地区人口将超总人口的1/3。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">特大城市地区是我国区域空间治理的重要地区。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">特大城市地区涉及的行政区域类型多、参与规划的专业多、调控政策多、市场主体复杂。迄今为止，已有许多学者对区域和城市的公共治理进行了研究，一般认为公共治理要处理好政府之间、政府与市场主体之间，以及市场主体之间的关系。以北美和西欧特大城市地区治理经验形成的新区域主义，主张政府和非政府主体之间的沟通合作和多元治理，在空间层次上对公共物品，也就是空间资源的有序供给，进行干预。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">国家治理体系有层次性</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，包括国家空间治理的法律制度构架，国家空间资源干预的理念制定和工具设计，及其国家空间资源干预理念落实到区域和地方的政策、杠杆和具体措施。当然，国家干预理念是否通过区域和地方的政策、杠杆和措施发挥了有效作用，还需要对实施效果进行监督和验证等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">市场主体的利益诉求也有层次性。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">包括对制度层面的政策期望，主张的政策与激励机制，以及与地方层面的调控措施诉求、项目收益来源的关注等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">区域-城市的战略制定和行动响应也有层次性。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">对于特大城市地区，战略上侧重全球化竞争、国家战略、区域协同的要求，行动上侧重于战略实施的重点领域、重点地区的规划安排，不同地区的特色发展，利益平衡等项目措施，等等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为此，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">区域-城市层面的空间规划，必须考虑这些层次的不同需求，在干预理念以及干预政策措施两个方向加强工作，重视空间资源有序利用的科学治理。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在京津冀区域协同规划中，促进区域协同发展是规划干预的重要理念，而产业创新、区域交通、区域生态的重点协同领域，以及通州副中心、雄安的“一体两翼”重点地区的战略安排是区域干预的重要措施和杠杆。在区域和全球化竞争下，京津冀协同发展还需要京津冀各个地区将视野转向地方特色，包括适合地方经济社会发展的制度创新。</span></p><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span></p></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市化快速发展，</strong></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">更要重视</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市-建筑层面</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">开发建设</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的有</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">序规范和品质保障，</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以及科学治理</strong></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 18px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">改革开放以来，我国城市化快速发展，城市人口增长了接近两倍。城市人口的快速发展，也为特大城市地区发展创造了条件。</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><span style="font-size: 16px;">城市化的快速发展，更要重视城</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">市-建筑层面开发建设的有序规范和品质保障。</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">关于城市-建筑层面，城市规划除了要求执行国家和区域资源开发利用的总体政策要求，除要明确城市的发展方向、空间布局、基础设施安排，公共服务设施、交通、市政、生态和环境保护等的建设用地，以及其他各类建设用地的规模、范围等，促进城市的可持续发展，保护自然环境等之外，还涉及城市土地开发利用和建设的其他一系列法律规定、技术规范、建筑法规等等，包括具体的建筑利用的种类和规模，建设方式，建筑用地的标准，公共服务设施、交通、市政、生态和环境保护等的建设要求，历史保护、公共安全、城市形象等多个方面。为此，城市规划不只是管控城市的土地利用，还拥有管辖和约束建设行为的权力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">详细规划是城市规划建设管理的法规细则，是获得项目建设许可的法定条件，也是精准落实土地利用规划的法定工具。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">为了保持城市建设的有序规范，保障用于公共目的建设用地不受侵犯并能够及时征用，保障能够将公共和私人建设项目纳入城市功能的整体设想和城市形式的规划框架，详细规划应该拥有包括禁止改建、搁置建设申请、法定预购权、征购、补偿等程序在内的一系列实体和程序规定，以便在规划实施过程中，尽可能避免受到私人利益的消极影响，公平照顾各有关方面的利益等。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span></p></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">顺应不同空间层次的特点要求，</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">完善国家空间规划管理体系</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">总体来看，经过改革开放40年的努力，我国城乡规划体系在程序和实体上已经基本成型，形成了包括总体规划、详细规划以及规划审批制度、许可证制度等一系列制度和方法。在区域和城市的战略规划和行动规划方面也有许多的探索，包括京津冀协同等在内的国家空间发展战略、城市发展战略等。区域规划方面也探索了城镇体系规划、城市群规划等一系列规划类型。经济社会发展规划的强制性和引导性指标、土地利用规划的指标分解、环境保护规划的生态红线以及区域开发建设方面的区域基础设施建设、公共服务项目的建设等方面，也都有相当多的基础。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">但是，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">将这些规划综合成空间规划来看，还存在一些问题</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">：</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 16px;">特别是从国家到地方的自上而下规划政策传递进程来看，可以发现发展规划、国土规划、区域规划、城市规划等规划之间的关系并不清晰；尤其是国家空间战略的治理理念、政策与各个省市的发展规划、国土规划、区域规划与区域治理政策之间到底应该有怎样的联系，以及区域规划、区域治理政策和城乡规划之间到底有怎样的联系不清晰。同样的问题也存在于城市规划，城市总体规划和详细规划之间的衔接和政策联系也不清晰。比如北京2017年编制的总体规划，正由于京津冀协同规划对北京发展有明确的战略要求，在一定程度上促成了规划向战略和问题导向转变的编制改革；但是对于其他城市来说，国家和区域发展战略和政策要求，有时候比较模糊，城市总体规划的战略目标和空间秩序要求，只能根据自身需求以及对于国家和区域发展战略的理解来判断，规划的科学性受到影响。另外，规划的实施杠杆上，特别是区域规划和国土规划的调控杠杆到底是什么，除了用地管控之外还有没有别的，也需要研究。就空间治理理论来看，政策激励机制和协调沟通机制，应该发挥更加重要的作用。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">正是因为这种多层次的特征特点，空间规划的制度设计应该立足于国家空间治理体系建设的高度。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">比如说“一张蓝图干到底”，展现的是国家战略和政策干预一盘棋的积极愿望，但是如果考虑到区域、城市、建筑不同空间层次的特点，就需要特别注意发挥各个层次的积极性、发挥不同层次综合形成系统的优势。空间规划的一盘棋中，既需要棋盘、棋子，也需要互为约束的规则。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">空间规划不同层次之间的政策传递，不是简单的任务逐级下达，而是国家空间战略的治理理念、政策到具体措施管控的逐级具体落实。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span></p></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">他山之石，欧洲国家空间规划</span><strong style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">与</span></strong></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市规划的关系</span></strong></strong></p></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">以欧州国家几个城市地区的空间治理体系为例，可以看到国家、区域的空间规划与地方的城市规划之间的传递关系，大概有这几个方面:</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（1）法国里昂。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">法国国情决定了规划的自上而下的集中管理。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">里昂的跨区域空间规划组织机制采取垂直管理，由负责跨区域城市和空间发展职能的管理处负责编制最高层级的空间发展总体规划，关注于国家层面的规划原则和任务，规划原则和任务对区内各个行政区的区域规划具有约束作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（2）英国伦敦。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">“伦敦空间发展框架”具有特殊地位。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">形式上不具有强制约束性，但是对于各区议会制定的地方规划来说，必须以此进行考核。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">对各镇区一定规模以上的项目，伦敦市长拥有基于城市总体利益的否决权。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（3）丹麦。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">采取区域发展规划。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">区域发展规划注重于引导性的区域发展，注重于战略、愿景、关键领域等原则，不对城市的空间利用方式作出明确和具体的规定，但是城市规划不得违背区域发展规划确定的原则。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（4）荷兰兰斯塔德，采取的是所谓的结构规划，重点放在任务导向和议题导向，不同的空间层次上，国家通常关心水治理，各省通常关注区域交通设施，地方</span><span style="font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;">层面上关心建设规划的实施，不同的层次做各自承担的任务。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">（5）德国莱茵－内卡大都市区，制定区域规划和区域发展的战略文件，要求发展战略与规划目标的密切衔接。无论在形式还是内容上，战略文件都不具有决定开发建设条件的约束力；主要通过政策杠杆和项目支持，推进空间规划的实施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">由此可见，包括区域规划在内的空间规划具有政策引导的作用，具体的开发建设由地方和城市规划完成（表1）。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.2015625" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gxKDv8xTl6tNf0xibicwdgpxUV9TOw1WiaPWaa8Y5WR5WCr268F1WicEEcO2ePVJXFPGzAyt87uPCGF8iaavpsjCUnw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">▲ 图1︱欧洲各国国家空间规划与城市规划的关系（点击查看大图）</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow: hidden;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.3;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 24px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span></p></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;font-size: 19px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以人居环境的区域、城市、建筑</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">分层级管控，</span></strong><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></span></p></strong></span><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline !important;"><span style="font-size: 17px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">构建国家空间治理体系</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p></strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);">总体说来，空间规划的制度设计，应该致力于发挥人居环境的系统优势和各层次的积极性。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">从这个角度进行概括，有几个方向值得进一步研究探讨:</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第一、国家层面上的空间治理理念，空间治理的系统设计以及法律制度；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第二、基于国家空间治理理念的空间秩序、政策及其国家、省市、城市不同层次之间的传递方法；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第三、空间秩序规划管控的配套政策、权责和争议处理规则；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第四、重点地区、重点领域、超级项目的引领；</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 25px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第五、实施城市规划、建设管控的法定工具，包括禁止改建、搁置建设申请、法定的预购权、征购、补偿等。</span></p><section class="" style="margin-top: 0em;padding: 1em 0em;max-width: 100%;font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">参考文献</strong></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[1]	吴良镛. 人居环境科学导论[M]. 北京：</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">中国建筑工业出版社， 2002.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[2]	吴良镛，吴唯佳等. 美好人居与规划变革[J]. 城市规划，2014(1).</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[3]	Dirk Vallee. Strategische Regionalplanung [M]. ARL, 2012.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[4]	Dahl, R. A. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City[M]. Hale University Press, 1961.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[5]	Dahl, R. A. Rethinking Who Governs? New Haven revisited. In R. J. Waster. Community Power Directions for Future Research [M]. Beverly Hills, Sage Publica-tions，1986.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[6]	Logan, J. and Molotch, H.  Urban Fortunes: The political Economy of Place [M]. University of California Press，1987.</span></p></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: right;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文刊载于《》杂志</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: right;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2018年 第 4 期</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;width: 556px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 1em;padding: 3px 8px;display: inline-block;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">扩展阅读</p></section><section style="padding: 3px 8px;display: inline-block;border-radius: 1.2em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: -1em;padding: 20px 10px 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">中国城市化趋势与京津冀协同发展的长期战略</span></h2><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">人居环境的优化提质问题</span><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><hr style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，转载请联系后台</span></strong></span></p><hr style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">现在微信改版后</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">好多人说不能很方便找到我了</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">其实给咱们</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”加星标</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">就好啦</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">只需要</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5秒钟哟~</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif " data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.9203125" data-type="gif" data-w="640" 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