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<p data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.3377386196769457" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/tT4PCxTJsj9XlPUDNavjcoibPoE3FojU9DKdziaR7CuuBAPia1Oa3N8OC6KQpF3dOHVlo18AuFdX2DwASe9wfDicuw/640" data-type="gif" data-w="681" style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;"  /><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;"><section style="padding: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);transform: rotate(45deg);"><br data-filtered="filtered"  /></section><section style="margin-left: -0.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><br data-filtered="filtered"  /></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者丨语酱</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">编辑丨SaSa</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu" style="font-size: 16px;"><section class="mpa-template"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 90%;padding: 10px 20px;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/aqVmsMqecDKgjOp9K8tCvJaz33N2xHsj7sRGX7PlvocjkfbGx9TibS6kbemiaz2XIOGsgNE8xtmQX4qhicOCWxSMw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(61, 62, 66);text-align: justify;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" mpa-is-content="t"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" mpa-is-content="t">多少人都活在自己幻想的城市，又为了自己的想象搬去另一个城市。——卡尔维诺</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">在国家发改委《关于印发<2019年新型城镇化建设重点任务>的通知》中关于大城市放款落户政策的一段表述成为关注焦点，“城区常住人口100万-300万的II型大城市全面取消落户限制，城区常住人口300-500万的I型大城市要全面放开放宽落户条件，并全面取消重点群体落户限制。”</span><br  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">那么问题来了，这些城市真的都需要政策督促吗？</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><section class="mpa-template"><section class="_editor"><section style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:21.6px;"><section style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.9em;overflow:hidden;"><section style="width:1.76em;height:0.5em;margin-bottom:-0.5em;margin-left:0.25em;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(181,174,129);border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(181,174,129);transform:skew(-45deg);box-sizing:border-box;"></section><section style="width:1.8em;height:1.8em;margin-left:0.5em;color:rgb(255,255,255);background-color:rgb(129,181,148);"></section><section style="width:1.2em;height:1.2em;margin-top:-0.88em;line-height:1.2em;color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:32.4px;background-color:rgb(181,174,129);"><section>1</section></section><section style="transform:rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-o-transform:rotate(-45deg);box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="width:0.68em;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(181,174,129);margin-left:2em;margin-top:0.4em;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bolder;">参与讨论的城市</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">住建部今年1月份发布的《中国城市建设统计年鉴》为我们提供了2017年中国城市城区人口数据。在被统计的六百余座城市中，城区人口大于100万的城市有78个，加城区暂住人口后有92个。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">其中城区人口（不含暂住）300万-500万的I型大城市有<strong>沈阳、大连、长春、哈尔滨、杭州、济南、青岛、郑州、昆明、西安10个，</strong>100万-300万城区人口（不含暂住）II型大城市有<strong>苏州、宁波、绍兴、无锡、厦门等59个</strong>，如你所料，它们大多仍然扎堆在胡焕庸线以东，多见省会城市。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.7758470894874022" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/tT4PCxTJsjibec4cqJnjXMtskz8Yg4EKDs6o3bfZumqc1WkWPvzhlcbhqCxCibXnQu3qKEW8HwufGMh2Bb4fV0Bw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1151" style="width: 99%;height: auto !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">↑按城区人口数量分为四类的大城市，《通知》中提到的I、II型大城市分别是图中黄色、紫色标注的城市 来源：据《中国城市建设统计年鉴2017》制图</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><section class="mpa-template"><section class="_editor"><section style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:21.6px;"><section style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.9em;overflow:hidden;"><section style="width:1.76em;height:0.5em;margin-bottom:-0.5em;margin-left:0.25em;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(181,174,129);border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(181,174,129);transform:skew(-45deg);box-sizing:border-box;"></section><section style="width:1.8em;height:1.8em;margin-left:0.5em;color:rgb(255,255,255);background-color:rgb(129,181,148);"></section><section style="width:1.2em;height:1.2em;margin-top:-0.88em;line-height:1.2em;color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:32.4px;background-color:rgb(181,174,129);"><section>2</section></section><section style="transform:rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-o-transform:rotate(-45deg);box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="width:0.68em;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(181,174,129);margin-left:2em;margin-top:0.4em;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bolder;text-align: center;">“划水”的大城市</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">麦肯锡的一份报告显示，<span style="font-weight: bolder;">大城市GDP增长60%源于人口增长</span>。而全球6%的大城市自2000年以来已经经历人口收缩。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">近年来我国也有越来越多的学者关注城市收缩的问题。人们持续涌入更大的城市，处于经济弱势地位的中小城镇正面临着不容忽视的发展风险和威胁。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">然而即使是城区人口超过百万的大城市，麦肯锡报告称，<span style="font-weight: bolder;">17%的发展中地区大城市在2025年前将经历人口收缩</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">此次被集中讨论的需要敞开大门欢迎外地人的大城市中也有不少正在为自己魅力渐失而头疼，“进一步放宽落户条件”的政策督促对于它们而言，可能只是一次借机宣传城市、吸引人口和人才的好机会。</span></p><p><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.25236593059936907" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/tT4PCxTJsjibec4cqJnjXMtskz8Yg4EKD3d7WCkzgibO3C6D64pFFee8XhZFpsqRNaBtJMU6GRBAh3XTyfjia7pibQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1268" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.6805993690851735" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/tT4PCxTJsjibec4cqJnjXMtskz8Yg4EKDibiaIgBYVickblGGMjETlNz1icjlMTgXErcLjgQcuU0W5Jr8uTfiaia50n9w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1268" style="width: 99%;height: auto !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">↑近三年常住人口年均增长率由于部分城市2018年人口数据尚未公布，以及数据类型不一致等问题，图中少数城市采用户籍人口增长或16-17年增长率代替。 来源：据各城市2016、2017、2018国民经济与社会发展统计公报及其他市级或省级官方统计结果制图</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">图表中的城市按照其经度排序，乌鲁木齐人口增长率（2016-2017）为-16.9%，与其他值差异过大遂未体现。除它之外，人口年均增长出现负值的大城市主要<span style="font-weight: bolder;">集中在东北地区</span>，其中哈尔滨、长春、大连属于I型大城市。<span style="font-weight: bolder;">西安、杭州、长沙、佛山等城市拥有较高的常住人口增长率</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">常住人口与户籍人口的比较也可以在一定程度上人口流动情况</span>。当常住人口大幅超过户籍人口，往往认为人口总体净流入，东南沿海地区常见这种情况；反之则为人口总体净流出的情况，集中于中西部地区。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.4417098445595855" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/tT4PCxTJsjibec4cqJnjXMtskz8Yg4EKDUaCKEOjcSxyV2tDWevHDXPoHmaT3ibUAMc116icdicYKicxCWIhnOCicq8Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="772" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">在常住人口和户籍数据都公布了的大城市中，常住人口与户籍人口差额较大的前十名城市几乎都是市区人口超过500万的热门城市，<span style="font-weight: bolder;">东莞、苏州</span>两个II型大城市以及<span style="font-weight: bolder;">杭州</span>一个I型大城市常住人口超过户籍人口较多。<span style="font-weight: bolder;">南阳、徐州、盐城、南充、泸州、淮安、南宁等城市户籍人口多于常住人口</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><section class="mpa-template"><section class="_editor"><section style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:21.6px;"><section style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.9em;overflow:hidden;"><section style="width:1.76em;height:0.5em;margin-bottom:-0.5em;margin-left:0.25em;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(181,174,129);border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(181,174,129);transform:skew(-45deg);box-sizing:border-box;"></section><section style="width:1.8em;height:1.8em;margin-left:0.5em;color:rgb(255,255,255);background-color:rgb(129,181,148);"></section><section style="width:1.2em;height:1.2em;margin-top:-0.88em;line-height:1.2em;color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:32.4px;background-color:rgb(181,174,129);"><section>3</section></section><section style="transform:rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-o-transform:rotate(-45deg);box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="width:0.68em;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(181,174,129);margin-left:2em;margin-top:0.4em;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;font-weight: bolder;text-align: center;">超半数低于平均水平</span><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">更好的机会、更高的收入如今仍是移民城市最吸引人之处。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">我们的I、II型大城市在城区人口方面占据了大约前10%的位置，<span style="font-weight: bolder;">然而，在这些城市中，仍有超过半数城市的城镇居民人均可支配收入低于全国平均水平</span>，均值的拉动依赖更加强势的顶端城市。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.7287839020122485" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/tT4PCxTJsjibec4cqJnjXMtskz8Yg4EKDDjzuOlMeoY6wyM0Pf7oEDW035hB5PKhGPuHDEJIJT24uskjpZ2UaZw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="2286" style=""  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">↑I、II型大城市城镇居民人均可支配收入，按照城市经度排序 来源：根据各城市及全国国民经济及社会发展统计公报等数据制图</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">可支配收入的差距可在一定程度上反映城市对人口和人才的吸引力。<span style="font-weight: bolder;">苏州、杭州、宁波</span>等城市的城镇居民人均可支配收入已达到全国平均水平的150%以上，这些城市也是落户政策仍较为严格的地区，在抢人大战中，它们的目标是留住更高质量的优秀人才，如高校毕业生、高技户能人才等。如杭州，全日制专科及以上学历、落实就业单位的毕业生可落户，硕士以上学历毕业生可享受先落户后就业的政策等。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">而<span style="font-weight: bolder;">齐齐哈尔、南阳、抚顺</span>等城市则在全国水平80%以下；在I型大城市中，<span style="font-weight: bolder;">长春、哈尔滨</span>等城市低于全国平均水平。这些城市需要担心的不仅是人才缺失的问题，如何保持对人口的持续吸引力也需要认真考量。<span style="font-weight: bolder;">放宽落户条件对于这些城市而言已经是最基本、已经做过的事情</span>，如在哈尔滨，国家统招的应届大中专毕业生，愿意去工作的，可本着先落户、后择业的原则直接在当地派出所办理入户，具有学士学位者，配偶及未成年子女也可随迁落户。对比上文提到的杭州已经宽松许多，而当地户籍人口在2017年仍有0.7%的减少。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">I、II型大城市的部分城市情况尚且如此，在大城市进一步放宽落户条件后，更小型的城市和乡镇或将面临更加严峻的人口流失考验。哈佛大学社会学博士罗伯特·曼杜卡对美国城市的收入差距进行了一项的新研究，发现<span style="font-weight: bolder;">美国城市的收入差距和不平等问题正在加剧</span>，<span style="font-weight: bolder;">沿海超级巨星城市与其他城市的命运正分道扬镳</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.38979963570127507" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/tT4PCxTJsjibec4cqJnjXMtskz8Yg4EKDaVfdxP9jPybBs4taunYR9QDgOMHfkjNEMVnYaaTpufIQCdQy7aiau2Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="549" style=""  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">↑1980年（左）与2013年（右）美国地区平均家庭收入分布对比，红色：低于全国平均水平的80%，蓝色：高于全国平均水平的120%，收入差距逐渐上升。图片来源：Citylab</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;">美国城市中人才和技术的聚集刺激着鸿沟的深化，而随着收入不平等的加剧，地理差距随之上升，富有的地区更加富有，贫困地区越来越落后。人口自由流动是促进地区经济进一步发展的有效途径，但之后的地域差距鸿沟如何填补、地域公平如何进一步提供保证，仍是各界值得关注和思考的问题。</span></p><blockquote class="js_blockquote_wrap" data-type="2" data-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="50" data-source-title=""><section class="js_blockquote_digest"><section><span style="font-size: 14px;">资料来源：</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">2016-2018各城市国民经济与社会发展统计公报、中国城市建设统计年鉴、citylab等</span></section></section></blockquote><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 25px;word-break: break-word;font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;"><span style="font-family: PingFangSC-Light;font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><section class="mpa-template" 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