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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.2px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">本刊原创，谢绝转载</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容合作请查看文末联系方式 </strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 45px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">法国时间15日晚18时50分许，巴黎圣母院起火，起火位置位于顶部塔楼，20时之前塔尖倒塌。建筑师规划师的朋友圈今早被这条新闻刷屏了，大家纷纷哀悼建筑经典的消失，文保的艰难，以及甚至将此看作欧洲文明落幕的符号。而身为最新一期《巴黎悖论》课题主持的作者在初期的惊诧之后突然想到了一个问题——维奥莱-勒-杜克当年在修复巴黎圣母院的时候，钢结构已经被发明啦！假使当年他是用钢结构修复的……</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5622449" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8unlHicdNgBDzJpePNoCfB0TV8Qiaia4bLxEnEMWHYNxZnI4Q2UPiaaaibbA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="980" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.8;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源/凤凰网</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这个假设一点也不荒诞，那时候钢结构已经被运用在建筑界。奥斯曼工程（1850~1870年代）中，巴黎菜市场（Les Halles）就是钢结构的。而拿破仑三世本身不喜早期的改造方案，更热衷现代、大手笔以及反映城市能力和实力的建筑群。这个时期的商品期货交易所、拉布鲁斯特（Henri Labrouste）设计的两个图书馆（位于Richelieu路的法国国家图书馆本部Bibliothèque Nationale de France、圣日内维夫图书馆Bibliothèque Sainte- Geneviève）等功能性的城市设施也都采用了钢结构，仅仅是做成传统的样式。就连维奥莱-勒-杜克本人，也设计过钢结构的城市建筑。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6722222" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8ZXF9qDxjRrLicaRUc5ia1bZn2mgBq6tCDD8Z4aJMvR8KZtZIFgQh8WpQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">改建后的巴黎菜市场</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 52%;padding-right: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6655574" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8ub6oibcDt8kfXI4ZichvNf3XMoHCeicKibZH263Z49foSqmUf5ibmaCJia1w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="601" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 1px;width: 48%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7158273" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8rLa764Gia5ibRSBWicfP5we6GPsg8M3Eln6Y0eLtNNaF1e5lYh3a8wjWg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="556" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">圣日内维夫图书馆的“激进的”室内和“保守的”室外。同样的钢结构在当时多被用于厂房、（新）教堂、图书馆、火车站等带有大跨度空间的建筑中。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3571429" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8ia6bIhkkmjpUwiaiajbReLf2EPg0CibUybbhUt3OZpD5Pb1k4xsDyEEiciag/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="350" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">维奥莱-勒-杜克绘制的钢结构底商住宅楼的水彩效果图。比拉布鲁斯特更为激进的是钢结构甚至成为了墙面装饰的一部分。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">那么为什么仅仅数年之前，巴黎圣母院的改造，还要采用木结构外套石材的传统方案呢？<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">应该是恩师作家Mérimée在维奥莱-勒-杜克和Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus中标巴黎圣母院改造之后对他俩的忠告期的作用：“在这个项目上不能持有太多个人想法，修复比自然毁坏一座纪念碑更糟糕”。所以维奥莱-勒-杜克才选择了更为传统的材料和设计手法。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">可是，仅仅是设想一下，如果真在中世纪的建筑基础上，加上现代最先进的材料，“传统与现代的融合/对话”，就像埃菲尔铁塔之于奥斯曼的小巴黎那样？</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8701172" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8Cd8aE8aIph7ZmWtbpRINwibrUpsKeIBcaLiarPSiaJbtlKvs6NDgVt4QQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">钢结构在高温中会卷曲变形，反而促进了垮塌的严重程度，之前是有先例的。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.706" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8S6hFc0Zfa2bdXmtdLJZTy995Wl3f4DmaCrozR5icXXDB304Rh9W1ORA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="500" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本图为快进版（图片来源/今日头条）</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">抛开材料选择的问题，174年前巴黎圣母院的修复采用保守的方式，而非最新的材料和结构，在当时真的那么重要吗？以及，就连哥特式本身，也真的那么重要吗？</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 45px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">何为法兰西</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市发展的时空进程中，巴黎的核心一直围绕着空间重构。16世纪至17世纪初，亨利三世、四世在位期间开始显现出现代大都市的空间特征，强调集中制的民主国家的首都出现了一系列的城市改造。17世纪路易十四时期，改造和空间设计成为塑造城市的手段，通过节点、广场和轴线，以辐射性林荫大道形成城市景观，将整个巴黎联系起来。最具代表性的是1664年由勒诺特（André Le N?tre）设计的，连接着卢浮宫和协和广场的杜勒里花园（Tuileries Garden）。杜勒里花园和凡尔赛宫的花园设计，也是法国从意大利文艺复兴（以托斯卡纳的台地园为标志）之中“断奶”，形成了自己的民族审美的标志。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3473684" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8W4J8icJoLoQsmhMEDhQiaBGeZibHKfW31rgmYjNaVJBn0ERbjibhBWJdgA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="760" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">建成于1652年的加尔佐尼庄园，建筑掩藏在树林深处。附属花园的对称布局、草坪、雕塑等影响了后世诸多意大利和法国的园林设计。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8U3gsaWWlhx5nfUFlMSARqBtPG5GicT5ia6jOB4zZBibaWNDnCTAnbB2nw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">17世纪的杜勒里花园。更早期法国的园林设计，会追求托斯卡纳丘陵而形成的跌水-台地设计效果，但到了这时，塞纳河谷相对平坦的地貌已经被认为是一种美，设计师会选择做出类似轴线分明，视野宽阔的设计，让所有者从宫殿中对自己的“国土”一览无余。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8pFBNbGLE6JiaNJDqtuqgGhL5LPiawEZiacxU9Nd4ZbdnbyHxx7W0eZNAA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">杜勒里花园现状</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">而在19世纪早期，当雨果这类文学家以民族国家的血肉情感建构巴黎时，诞生于中世纪中期的哥特建筑开始为人们提供了一个“怀旧的未来”，文人墨客开始从建筑学角度建构和凝聚法国民族国家意识。1844年，年仅30岁的建筑天才欧仁·维奥莱-勒-杜克（Eugène Viollet-le-Duc）着手修复西岱岛的巴黎圣母院，通过修复历史空间为法国现代民族国家和精神文化的确立做出实践和准备。另一位责任建筑师是Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus也仅37岁，同样是坚持以哥特风格反击当时学院派的希腊-罗马新古典风格以强调“真正法国、真正基督教”以及“民族精神”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3314394" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8CJNd5N3C1GAHu9o2CxKCib3UJIhbCG1BauXbGB9trxcpP0Yvl8gAAlg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="528" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">维奥莱-勒-杜克老年时期。他以修复法国中世纪建筑著名，如巴黎圣母院、圣丹尼教堂、圣米歇尔山，以及卡尔卡松城墙等。在晚年他写下关于建筑的功能和形式的著作，影响了新生代一批建筑师，如高迪、维克多·霍塔、路易斯·沙利文等。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">那一代法国建筑师的修复形式虽然是修旧如旧，但是也是典型的大卫·哈维的时空修复，现在俗称“伪古董”、“梦回汉唐”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 45px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“跑步进入波旁王朝”的圣丹尼教堂</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.5180266" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8UCzy6l5lCiaHfHCf7qDxZwfYEeTiadia65cWJSF4iaLngMQNHibtaO4QsuA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="527" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.5125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV89JmLwaCYAiaia4yfovbzYkCLuVMoPno2Njib13pSJaLCshLlRq6ibjsshA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="400" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">圣丹尼教堂（Basilica of Saint-Denis），左图为1844年左右北塔（左图左）被拆之前。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">圣丹尼教堂始建于475年，在1144年定型为现在的哥特式主体结构。它是法国王室的家庙，保留着10~18世纪各朝代（从加洛林晚期到波旁王朝，以卡佩王朝为主）几乎所有法国国王的墓，也是法国第一座全部采用哥特式建筑构件的教堂，只是在名字保持了更传统的“巴西利卡”风格。法国大革命时期国王的墓被转移，后又回迁但未在原址。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1806年拿破仑重新将其神圣化，并且被维奥莱-勒-杜克“破坏性创造”了——在19世纪中期，教堂还保留着哥特式早期的俭朴形态（请看左图南北两塔的对比），而不是维奥莱-勒-杜克修复成的以大玻璃窗、细拱肋为特点的，更加“豪华”的哥特式盛期风格。在他之前负责修复的建筑师为Fran?ois Debret，采用的风格没有他那么激进。在维奥莱-勒-杜克的修复中，石质（后来增加水泥等材质）的北塔太“豪华”了，1840年代早期塔基即开始出现裂缝。1845年8月19日一场风暴使得整个教堂都面临着倒塌的风险。1846年2月，人们决定暂时性拆除北塔，石材用于以后的修复工作。于是一直搁置到了现在（上图右图）。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3348416" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV82jFLO0Wc73cUVRmUxSLibJpJVGzPzQctlrOvtibwWkNqvyYuGnbSSHJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="442" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现在的室内</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.497006" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8YO39BH2bLGc9o7aFxprVnUrm1RsgcCuiciazrJIiarEyCyzyebUSeDX4w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="334" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-left: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.5263158" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8zq3DKoicZCgDYFuOib2YGMcraxSpG2sA7ndWkEqbcfNeicNG37NT4JdZA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="323" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">左，亨利二世和凯瑟琳·德·美第奇的墓，是凯瑟琳把意大利文艺复兴晚期的时尚，例如束腰，带到法国的；</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">右，最下为查理五世夫妇的墓——就是上篇新刊剧透中“修巴黎城墙的查理” （ ??新刊剧透 | <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">奥斯曼改造的15个关键词 </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">）</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">虽说圣丹尼教堂的修复令人觉得有些荒诞，但圣米歇尔山和圣礼拜堂（Sainte-Chapelle）还是相对没有这么激进——或者说，因为它们持续建设的时间较长，等到建成时已经到达哥特式盛期了，在原本的基础上再叠加“19世纪中期的哥特式盛期”不会显得那么突兀。圣米歇尔山在12世纪和17~18世纪中间有中断，但至少18世纪与19世纪还是能接上的。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.6147705" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8dGJibCb8WwoPebbczV9FgiakWK5ic2OggOUHAAkhvvN7ly7TyB9gJfs7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="501" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1400年左右的圣礼拜堂。可以看到新建的主塔已经是哥特盛期风格了——但是与更北的佛兰德尔常用的结构布局更为类似，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如's Hertogenbosch的Sint-Janskathedraal的耳堂</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3111481" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8ticrFvSfJhTpBbhEgQKybMsZvZbj8HpExJBNIHNXFzia2ofOhzRKwQ5g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="601" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">而19世纪中期对圣礼拜堂的修复是以亚眠主教堂（1220s~1250s，最经典的法国哥特盛期式）为模板的……</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3553299" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV81R5a97qibWPynjoiblbQXyWCrnCclicYkbFKc1WO4ydVRz6EGPEiaoOvhg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="591" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1878年的亚眠教堂照片</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 45px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建造，是为了毁灭</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4545455" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8YSvd96nvzWF8K3ZroUZMxDmqV8ALbf5wQTZJ8BQKTYicSAfu0POkZOw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="484" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1841年左右，修复之前的巴黎圣母院</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎圣母院确实是哥特盛期的，所以并不存在圣丹尼教堂的那种尴尬，仅仅是较为古朴，不像亚眠大教堂那样豪华而已。在最初建造的时候，本来是有中庭尖塔和钟楼的，但是在1786年被风刮倒了。本来维奥莱-勒-杜克打算在钟楼上按史料记载建两座塔，但是被历史古迹委员会怼了回去“那会引人注目，但那不再是巴黎圣母院了”——塔倒塌之后又是大革命，之后的新一代人看惯了现有的形态，已经不记得历史上是什么样子了。同时，委员会也否决了他改造路易十四建设的唱经楼的要求。所以真正能够让他发挥的，就只有那座中庭尖塔和一些室内细节。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding-right: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.6912442" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8z5hV4XZXbNudEL3Rf0jMSXe0ia7PULtZvxj2JFrtkVWNtHO9c1xe5Kw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="434" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8cXiaNp5icShs6TnfKR56tWSib9ib70wT56VLrzhmhrgpDbHckVG4JzJcSw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="536" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">左，塔楼设计图。注意它里面是双层木结构的，外面是石材。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">右，“木瓤”的细节。之所以没有全部采用石材，大概率原因是石材难以做到同样的高度，并且过重会引起中庭的坍塌。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3618158" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8YvwFKZ9fMmN8iaicnicLQprBmZQ4cCD19Rjhr1kEJ6XDuszknU7tChgYQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="749" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">同样建于哥特式盛期的科隆教堂就是“钟塔高尖塔矮”的形态。哥特式盛期的典型特征是飞扶壁，“骨架”承重，而墙体大量开窗，结构本来就较为脆弱。钟楼因为较为紧凑且大规模运用石材，比正厅更为稳固。而且为了追求“更高”，屋顶也同时需要减轻重量。13世纪前后经常能够看到风灾导致教堂倒塌的史料。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4622905" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8aiaiaQicpzU9icbiaMBdIet30HyX8c0U9zXMs18NVicLicj5WKV314FlKZUug/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="716" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">维奥莱-勒-杜克画的巴黎圣母院的双层飞扶壁（确为13~14世纪建造）</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7828283" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8Px2HBKGicIs6RoattNnjhAMWS7C6FXVVTic93TibzphKHuxLjmfzGuwbA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="594" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎圣母院平面图。可以看到钟楼部分用的石材更多，跨度较小并且同时采用墙和柱承重。而尖塔部分只有4根石柱承重。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 57%;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8RibyAwfjKzTia3lI0jDQmCwIYT71W59NL7NVjSSebwas4r4b0gjUSwFg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="467" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 43%;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3340961" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8SDpgFdu9Tu2YYv7gbM9NAH8l8QfThhV5U5h0hSgtbN8eK1sQSxBStg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="437" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">被称为“森林”的木结构屋顶（左）外面只披一层铅板（右）。这也是奥斯曼改造时期城市建筑常用的构造。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7724609" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8OG0uMJ9IYTmtKNRQtwyE9dEgRTZTRmOUNWCEicVdFrraBRAtqyictvDg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1860年代的建成图。可以看到除了尖塔之外，钟楼也略做了修整，加装了两个平缓的坡屋顶。原本的钟在大革命时期被融化做武器了，后来维奥莱-勒-杜克又重新铸钟置于北塔（右边）并改建了结构用以承重。修复后的尖塔比史料记载的原版更高更豪华，并且更经得起风灾。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: bottom;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="2" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8Gic2ol2TUXS48KSoJcPiaxZbdSShib7DjK0BUxibVv0CxzZRRCLmAN8bSw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="256" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: bottom;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1660079" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8iaShA4diciaWUro7vftV8Fj66JfWtFFFYE68qJYLN5z0WGPic99l76ICMg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="253" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(149, 149, 149);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">——那火灾呢？</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我们在哀悼什么？是对19世纪那个“不存在的13世纪”而哀悼？是对一个帝国，以及之后延续了帝国繁荣的那个孱弱却稳定的共和国而哀悼？是对自己业内的精神家园的毁灭而哀悼？是对那个为自己赋予了更高社会地位的，“更高级”的一套文明系统的衰老崩坏而哀悼？还是为了一个存在了174年（仅仅？或者已经？）的“完美”而哀悼？</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 45px 0% 30px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">文/赵忞 图片除标注外来自维基百科</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文部分内容选自《城市中国》<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">085期《巴黎悖论》</strong>的《重拾巴黎：土地整理和居住空间上的激进城市》一文。更多内容请见杂志。085期部分内容可在微信浏览，请点击 阅读原文</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><a title="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727114&idx=1&sn=55058d70ecd1e0be589956c53c603961&scene=21&token=2048281768&lang=zh_CN#wechat_redirect" formlinkparm=""https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727114&idx=1&sn=55058d70ecd1e0be589956c53c603961&scene=21&token=2048281768&lang=zh_CN#wechat_redirect"" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA3NzgzOA==&mid=2681727114&idx=1&sn=55058d70ecd1e0be589956c53c603961&scene=21&token=2048281768&lang=zh_CN#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box;" data-linktype="2"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: 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0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 85%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3101998" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV84Id06apiczmm5AC2ibRsCZ16GsJdTkBD43NtJkUYvNlDfhZAlPHHfDjg/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="951" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;opacity: 0.9;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8ATR5ibT11zHMVbtSCwF38MZwt3FSlWFy1wcrl0LPGtpndhJDWGnhJpA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="129" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.6;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">保存二维码，</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">打开手机淘宝 </strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0027933" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWdsRRiaAM8HTjLokEJSGCV8XrhyCwrMgR8FOCLcRa0f4Tgubia7Kp4kQlyQP86agERhDhrj0Fxq8OA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="358" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.6;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">App</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>
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