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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj8a2MBnHkrib8dLg0ic4dOJHMaNdvNIFb1vWpsThT6xjyicLYjRuMfaPMnYgbYopTjq3cDkgYvUKIZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj8a2MBnHkrib8dLg0ic4dOJHMaNdvNIFb1vWpsThT6xjyicLYjRuMfaPMnYgbYopTjq3cDkgYvUKIZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: left;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: right;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;margin: -1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(348deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(348deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(348deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(348deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -80px 0% 0px;font-size: 13px;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.3;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导语<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">武汉市规划研究院规划师莫琳玉、武汉市规划研究院副院长刘　平在《规划师》2019年第5期撰文，在全民旅游时代，西藏旅游业的发展明显提速，而西藏生态敏感型贫困地区也正处于稀有生态资源保护与旅游开发兼顾的发展瓶颈。如何在保护好世界级生态资源的同时，走出一条旅游兴县的路径，是当前西藏生态敏感型贫困地区发展的关键。文章从“精准投放”的思维出发，提出精准把握旅游开发定位、精准谋划旅游开发区域、精准把脉景村共建接口和精准制定刚弹结合的发展路径的“精准投放”式旅游规划策略，并将这些策略应用在西藏昌都市八宿县旅游规划实践中，以期为西藏其他生态敏感型贫困地区的旅游开发提供借鉴。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: left;border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);float: right;border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]城市双修；老城区；建筑品质提升；复杂适应性</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2019)05-0053-07　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984.199　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]颜会闾，王晖．“城市双修”背景下的哈密市老城区建筑品质适应性提升途径[J]．规划师，2019(5)：53-59．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GGT6fRKhIibuouIApTuCuqwhxKXIX9xR5YToMl1IZnR16SpnEk8A95CAojg7pMWeAa7BpPN0Ky55IOakmtJvSAA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一  </strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态敏感地区旅游兴县的现实困境</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一） 高生态管控要求</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西藏旅游资源景观包括森林景观、雪山冰川景观、湿地景观、高寒草地景观和高寒落雁景观等多种类型，其中不乏世界级生态景观资源，如世界三大海洋性冰川 — 来古冰川、世界屋脊 — 青藏高原、地球之巅 —珠穆朗玛峰、最深峡谷 — 雅鲁藏布大峡谷等。随着生态优先理念的不断深入，环境部近年来陆续启动了生态红线划定、生态红线管理办法编制工作。西藏是生态资源重要保护区域，大多生态功能保护区均位于县城，长期以来这些县市都面临旅游开发诉求大与生态管控要求高并存的挑战 ( 表 1)。一味迎合旅游市场需求，进行大规模、现代化的旅游开发和建设，势必会在一定程度上触碰生态底线。　</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7863105" data-w="599" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IpcqLU0Lf1czptYJcbcCN9jSpRFKFbUqAUXlHmBtsnLUt76JqQRG6KUA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二） 区域旅游竞争格局</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以川藏线为例，目前川藏线已基本形成拉萨—林芝、大香格里拉两大旅游集群，沿线景点已经出现集团化竞争的态势。通过对川藏线沿线冰川、草原和湖泊 3 类旅游资源的比较发现，无论是景区的可达性还是景观性，各旅游县市各有优势，为避免同质化竞争，各县市需要另辟蹊径，寻求突破式发展(表2)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6705107" data-w="607" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9Ip501icN2xhU7ibicakicnX4icqxuiaN6BaVlQvomYPVxPWYz4ia8ibQBcUECFfg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，具有先发态势的旅游县市也依托自身资源特色率先打出了品牌口号，如拉萨提出“雪域圣地、高原明珠”品牌，工布江达提出“幻美仙境、户外天堂”品牌。在营销策略上，“互联网+”时代下的线上线下多元化营销模式使得大多旅游县市面临着“不融入即被淘汰”的巨大竞争压力，需要全面重新审视自身的旅游核心竞争力，在区域旅游市场中抢占独属自己的一席之地。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）规划传导性和引导性不强</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，大多生态敏感型贫困县市由于规划先行的意识不强，加上受制于经济实力，并未针对旅游发展开展体系性的规划编制，其通常为城市总体规划领衔，针对资源优势好的地区直接开展景区总体规划、详细规划，但在城市总体规划层面未对整个区域的旅游发展做统筹考虑，而与景区规划之间也缺乏传导性。另一方面，同一景区的不同关注主体和开发主体，即市级决策者和开发公司之间，往往还会根据自身意向组织编制规划，从而导致一个景区多个规划，或大区域旅游规划与小景点规划内容冲突的现象，导致旅游开发终究难以实施。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游基础设施薄弱</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西藏地广人稀，大多具有景点分散、景点间的交通距离较长等特征，由于经济支撑乏力，因而不具备完善的旅游基础设施。通过分析马蜂窝、携程网、途牛网和去哪儿等大型旅游网站的旅游日记、攻略数据，发现游客对整个川藏线旅游配套服务水平评价不高，尤其是卫生、安全、热水和氧气等基础供应均难以得到有效保障。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GGT6fRKhIibuouIApTuCuqwhxKXIX9xR5YToMl1IZnR16SpnEk8A95CAojg7pMWeAa7BpPN0Ky55IOakmtJvSAA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> “精准投放”式旅游规划理念与策略</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）规划理念</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“精准投放”思路源于互联网广告思维，指通过大数据分析、关联，精准掌握用户的属性、消费习惯和行为模式，然后通过对目标消费者的精准定位、消费需求的精准挖掘、广告投放的精准控制和广告效果的精准评估，实现新媒体广告的精准投放。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于西藏生态敏感型地区的旅游发展来说，需要的正是这种精准规划：通过精准的游客定位和资源潜力分析，把握发展方向，协调拉动贫困县市发展的多种力量，凝聚成最具有区域竞争力的一个方向，做到“在刀刃上发力”；精准绘制一张动态的蓝图，有些是需要坚持控制的(如生态约束、生态底线、严格划定旅游可开发区域和开发项目)，有些是需要动态更新的(如开发时序与近期建设重点)，通过实时的综合效益评估，在开发过程中进行调整，使规划留有弹性。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）规划策略</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.精准把握旅游开发定位</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)游客属性定位。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和互联网精准广告的核心逻辑一样，“以消费者为中心”也是旅游规划的基本出发点。根据旅游发展阶段与特征的规律研究，当前的旅游模式已由最初的观光旅游阶段，经历了休闲度假阶段、多元体验阶段后，进入了多元体验和个性定制并存的新阶段。游客注重个性化的体验旅游，追求旅游产品的独一无二，期望达到深度化体验消费。目前，人们生活在“全方位”“无缝式”的数字新媒体空间内，网站浏览和下载记录、社交平台的分享和评论信息、电商平台的交易订单和商品评价、卫星定位和位置信息等，都记录和还原了大量的用户数据，这也为旅游发展提供了非常有利的支撑。大数据显示，到西藏旅游的游客以25～45岁的青壮年为主，绝大多数已经工作，有一定的经济实力，注重生活品质。他们的出行方式随目的地的不同而有所差异，自驾、飞机 + 租车、骑行 3 种方式均占有一定比重，旅游需求是各有侧重的：选择自驾出行的游客群体有很强的探险精神与好奇心，追求接近自然并具有挑战性的户外旅游活动，消费能力强，追求旅游品质，对旅游服务设施和相关产品的质量有较高要求；选择租车的游客相对自驾游客来说更追求旅游的舒适度和安全性，除自然生态型景点外，对博物馆、文化馆和民俗馆等文化旅游景点也十分感兴趣；骑行游客是最有探险精神的，这一群体反对过度商业化的旅游开发方式，追崇原生态的旅游目的地和挑战自我的旅行活动，其消费能力一般，选择经济快捷性酒店或青年旅社等旅游服务设施的概率较大。西藏各贫困县市由于交通条件、既有旅游品牌的吸引度不同，会吸引到不同类型的游客群体，需要在规划前期进行全面分析，精准定位游客的特征和需求。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)发展方向定位。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类似的资源基础、缺失的品牌营销，使得贫困县市的旅游开发在区域层面面临着“不融入即被淘汰”的关键抉择。挖掘核心竞争力，实现弯道超越，是前期规划的重点。从问题导向、特征导向和目标导向进行分析，能较全面地把控贫困县市的核心竞争力和发展方向。现状县市缺乏旅游服务基础设施，因此将完善旅游服务体系作为发展的方向和重点，以最优的服务吸引游客停留、休整，进而带动当地旅游经济，是基于问题导向的一种弯道超越方式。回归文化，挖掘当地文化特色，将文化展示、参与互动两者做到极致化，是基于特征导向的一种弯道超越方式。值得注意的是，这里所说的文化不仅指狭义上的历史文化、风土人情，还包括由当地生活方式、资源特征延伸出的符合现代人心理需求的体验型文化，如养生文化、户外运动文化和摄影文化等。根据规划目标寻找发展路径，如找寻竞合关系中自身的突破口、协作模式，是基于目标导向的一种规划方式。核心竞争力不一定只存在于一个方面，规划前期需要基于多维度视角，从区域竞合、自身优势潜力和游客属性等多个方面凝练出一个具有极强针对性的“四两拨千斤”型的发展方向，用有限的资源投放实现旅游特色极致化的效果。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.精准谋划旅游开发区域</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)开发区域划定。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于保护性开发的思路，应以场地适宜性评价作为生态敏感型地区规划布局的前置基础，科学严谨地划定开发区域。西藏的生态资源丰富，森林、雪山、冰川、湿地和草原资源生态价值高，可针对以上资源特征，总体构建“高生态安全—低环境影响—最佳景观视野”三步走的评估逻辑。第一步，可以美国太空总署(NASA)数据、国家寒区旱区科学数据中心数据、中国气象网数据和国家基础地理信息中心数据等地理数据库为基础，运用雪崩形成模型、雪崩移动堆积模型和水土流失模型，对雪崩风险、湖泊淹没、沼泽、水土流失和低植被影响等高生态安全要素进行分析评估，从而划定限制开发区域；第二步，按照减少土方量、避免游客在上下攀登中消耗过多体力的思路，构建低环境影响的生态型旅游廊道，对于旅游廊道与限制开发区重叠的区域，应提出旅游活动控制指引；第三步，运用景观视线模型对景观视野进行分析，从而找到最佳观景点(图1)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5980663" data-w="724" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9Ipb2u0eEd4dnysA1xB0qXtLT6NQlUjqELeA7XqeGpeUe1E5uxJibopnow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过场地适宜性评价，在既有保护红线的基础上，进一步细化水土流失高风险区、森林植被高覆盖率保护区、草地植被高覆盖率保护区、沼泽洼地风险区等各类禁止建设区和限制开发区，以及以优质景观廊道区为主的适宜开发区，形成规划区的土地利用控制图，以保障后续空间规划布局的严密性。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)开发项目策划。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西藏生态资源型贫困县市的旅游开发项目宜精不宜多，究其原因，主要有两个方面：一是由于当地经济基础薄弱，资金投入有限；二是西藏旅游开发面临基础设施建设难度大的先天限制，地势条件、天气变化和资源分布都是影响基础设施建设的因素。基于贫困县市的核心竞争力和发展定位，应从情景式策划、设施布局和设施规模3个方面进行规划，以构建生动、贴切的旅游体验序列，将项目布局到优质景观廊道区域，尤其是最佳观景点区域。首先，运用情景式策划方式，注重文化参与，提供视觉、听觉、触觉和味觉等多元化体验模式；其次，布局满足游客个性化需求的文化博物馆、观景屋、栈道、民宿和星空酒店等核心观景体验设施，以及必要的停车、给排水和垃圾处理等配套设施；最后，结合游客量预测和生态承载力评估，明确酒店床位数、栈道长度、观景屋建筑量、停车位和污水处理设施容量等。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.精准把脉景村共建接口</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景村共建的核心是构建空间互应、资源共享、设施互补和利益互显的共同体。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在空间互应方面，要注重村庄与景区保护、景点组织的协调关系。景区既有规划往往会对风景资源采用分级保护的方式，划分保护等级和制定相应的保护管理措施，针对位于景区入口区、主要景点附近、主要游线附近或非游线附近的不同区位的村庄，应安排与风景区管控要求相协调的各项旅游设施，同时应有序控制各项生产、经营与管理设施的建设及居民规模。例如，家庭旅馆、餐厅等服务设施宜与景区出入口附近的村庄结合布局；小卖部、野餐场地和野营场地等对风景资源影响较小的旅游设施可结合有一定生态压力限制的主要景点附近的村庄设置；生态停车场、旅游巴士停靠站可结合位于景区车行道附近的村庄，依托其交通优势，沿路配套设置。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在资源共享方面，对乡村的自然景观和文化遗存等旅游资源进行开发，使旅游资源为村民与游客所共享。尤其是在乡村建设上，通过深挖乡村的文化遗存，把特色文化融入到美丽乡村建设实践中，传承地方文脉，在村容村貌及景观改造上注入乡村特色文化。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在设施互补方面，西藏村庄的显著特点是村庄周边都有较为广阔的农牧区，通过将路、水、电、文、教、卫等核心乡村生活服务设施与吃、住、行、游、购、娱等核心旅游服务设施进行有效对接互补，在完善旅游服务基础设施的同时，在村庄生活区与周边农牧区之间同步形成道路、通信、电力、环卫和地下管廊等基础设施联通的格局，实现公共设施共享化。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在利益互显方面，一方面，基于乡村的资源禀赋和景区的市场需求，对接旅游产品类型，发展相应农副产品加工、民族手工艺等产业类型，推进农业与旅游业互兴发展；另一方面，让村民参与也是景村共建的有效方式之一，让村民参与到景区的旅游服务业发展中，提高村民就业率，也能让游客的旅游体验更加原汁原味。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.精准制定刚弹结合的发展路径</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，明确旅游发展战略目标，这是刚性的部分，需要在规划之初就确定。宜划分旅游阶段，形成阶段分目标，分别对应近期发展重点、中期控制引导及远期发展蓝图，制定相应阶段的规划策略和布局方案。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，明确建设时序，这是刚性与弹性相结合的部分。根据旅游发展战略目标，确定建设时序：针对西藏高生态安全的要求，应基础设施先行建设，视条件同步开展引爆培育型项目，最后发展成熟完善型项目。弹性控制的部分主要是对引爆培育型项目和成熟完善型项目进行具体建设指引，可根据开发的难易程度、实施条件进行动态优化，包括优化开发区域、开发规模和开发年度计划等。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GGT6fRKhIibuouIApTuCuqwhxKXIX9xR5YToMl1IZnR16SpnEk8A95CAojg7pMWeAa7BpPN0Ky55IOakmtJvSAA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三  </strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">西藏昌都市八宿县旅游规划实践</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">八宿县位于由川藏南线(318国道)、川藏北线 (317 国道 ) 及 214 国道 3 条著名旅游大道构建的“中”字形路网的核心节点处，通过国道可与大香格里拉生态旅游区的玉树旅游集群、香格里拉—稻城亚丁旅游集群、拉萨—林芝旅游集群形成便捷的联系。八宿县境内有世界三大海洋性冰川之一的来古冰川，以及然乌湖、邦达草原和神山等自然生态资源；文化多元交融，拥有康巴文化、宗教文化、茶马文化和军旅文化四大历史文化资源瑰宝，涵盖历史遗迹、特色服饰、曲艺、饮食、工艺、节庆、民俗和建筑等众多方面，历史文脉跨越古今。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">八宿县的基础资源和交通条件都具有一定的发展潜力，但目前仍存在一些具有代表性的发展困境：一是高原风光绝美，但旅游品牌不亮不明；二是文化资源尚未得到系统性挖掘和发扬，未与自然资源有效融合形成合力；三是景点以带串珠，但旅游服务体系缺失，服务水平无法满足游客需求；四是旅游开发缺乏相应的开发和保护措施，旅游引导不足。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一） 大区域视角，定位旅游发展重点</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从区位条件看，八宿县位于多条旅游交通线路的枢纽区域，远期将成为川藏铁路和川藏高速公路的重要节点，要求其当仁不让地打造旅游发展高地；从资源竞争力看，八宿县境内只有冰川资源具有世界级价值，应深入探寻湖泊、草原等资源的特色，增加吸引力；从区域客源需求看，川藏线整体旅游配套服务水平不高，八宿县可凭借其区位优势，提升设施水平，打响川藏线旅游服务品牌。综合分析，八宿县的旅游核心竞争力体现在两个方面：一是拥有绝佳的旅游资源基础，即原真稀缺的世界级冰川资源、人类伟大工程和深厚多元的文化；二是拥有由交通优势带来的服务业发展机遇。规划将提升八宿县的旅游核心竞争力，使其融入区域旅游大格局。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进一步对游客属性进行大数据分析发现，八宿县的游客群体普遍具有较强的探索心理，厌倦千篇一律的旅游安排，希望得到最稀有、最独到的旅游体验，以及能够在较为舒缓的节奏中，多手段、沉浸式地体验当地的人文风土。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于以上分析，规划提出“勇者之旅”的旅游品牌：将泛邦达景区定位为世界屋脊上最具高原体验的山水长廊，打造展现筑路文化、茶马文化和解放军进藏文化的人类伟大工程复合体验区、家园般的舒心安享之旅；将然乌湖景区定位为世界级冰川旅游目的地，打造川藏线上彰显格萨尔王历史文化和地域文化的康巴文化体验腹心，以及具有旅游集散副中心和综合服务枢纽功能的昌都旅游副中心。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二） 前置型评估，划定旅游开发区域</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划按照“预测游客规模+场地适宜性评价”的方式进行旅游适宜开发区域的划定，根据现状增长规律、二氧化碳平衡法、生态空间容量和游线承载力4种方式对旅客人数进行测算，预测至2030年规划期末游客规模约为年均50万人。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划运用 GIS 技术，对雪崩风险、湖泊淹没风险、沼泽湿地及水土流失等高生态安全要素进行安全性评估，识别出限制开发区域。通过判断雪崩运行方向和运动堆积区域，识别冰川雪崩易形成区域和雪崩通过堆积区域；基于中科院对然乌湖的观测数据，推演湖泊水线变化，模拟湖泊可能淹没和可能侵蚀的区域，在规划项目时合理进行避让和防护；通过识别洼地、水流汇集的沼泽区，以及易受水土流失威胁的区域，在规划中避免过度开发；以八宿县地表覆盖数据为依据，识别常年植被覆盖水平较好的区域，作为重要景观区域，并加以保护，避免过度开发造成生态破坏(图2)。规划将以上识别区域进行叠合并进一步优化，划定区域内部限制开发区域的范围，面积约占规划区总面积的65％(图3)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 18px;color: rgb(33, 150, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-top: -14px;background-color: rgb(26, 35, 126);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: right;margin-top: -14px;background-color: rgb(26, 35, 126);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(26, 35, 126);margin-top: -12px;padding: 18px 10px 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;border-bottom: 0px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1364393" data-w="601" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IpI5lKlK6dLXSTM8ZNuZla38zJw3VwOETM47PPyefkBm180eEAktekyA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(33, 150, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5216667" data-w="600" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IpUDV5VoxyB4VgcdOHeI1s3diclqZvPVpqPI8EWu6KxptriaartGK2DFsw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在此基础上，规划结合建设成本、最低建设土方量等低环境影响要素，构建生态型旅游廊道(图4，图5)；结合限制开发区域和生态旅游廊道，分析核心景观要素的可视区域，识别出然乌镇以东、康沙村西、雅则村北、邦达镇以北、同尼村以北等12处最佳观景点(图6)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）情景式策划，耦合多元个性化旅游需</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">八宿县的勇士文化底蕴深厚，基于“勇者之旅”的旅游品牌，规划将全线旅游产品主题定为“勇士成长之路”，由北至南构建“诗画中，百里草廊，牧歌天堂” “天路上，千险怒江，茶马古道” “云端下，万峦神山，朝圣所向”“尘世外，十景冰川，勇者之巅”4段勇者之路序列，以项目激发勇敢的游客从休养认知到感悟地域文化，再到升华心灵，最后挑战冰川极限，深度体验成为勇士的成就感(图7)。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4386207" data-w="725" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IpFqlED5A67SG9XVocURetTBxy8usnsfqJZQMc7cDkAZfbFSQ2vVa6EQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.152439" data-w="328" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IpqvUHKEiaheLzgOH3FujNNyofWZWuypQjAIODq5cf2Cayxuc4XwKTLMw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结合生态旅游廊道和最佳观景点，规划策划草原牧歌、4 000m的星空、怒江峡谷声像馆、多拉转山、茶香古村、金索映雪、神山倒影和雪峰探险等24个景点；布局八宿文化展示馆、冰川博物馆、游客集散中心、草原大舞台、玻璃观景酒店、陡降纪念碑、石刻体验店、勇士认证中心、转经栈道和观光索道等核心设施，以及综合换乘中心、汽车租赁保养服务中心、生态停车场、污水处理设施、取水口设施、旅游救助服务站和景区游览车停靠点等基础设施(图8)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9947781" data-w="383" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IpvySLTceyzBsbxyRGg10j1bwZ6ItdCNorX45mc1icvvgMbcfwGib0Hp0g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据人口预测和项目策划，规划新建和提升已有的经济型酒店，将床位控制在3 000张左右；特色营地和高端型酒店作为体现八宿县特色与品质的服务设施，将其床位控制在1000张左右；结合当地特色藏式民居改造若干特色民宿，将床位控制在1000张左右。污水处理设施规模按照景区污水排放系数0.85～0.9测算，日污水产量达0.44万立方米；污水处理采用二级处理技术，使尾水达到1级A排放标准，并对尾水进行100％再生利用。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）景村共建，构建刚弹结合的发展路径</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划前期基于八宿县旅游的发展现状，以及旅游发展的一般规律，提出旅游1.0～3.0的升级式发展目标：近期借力川藏线，夯实服务基础，打造川藏线上的综合服务节点；中期融入川藏线，以特色多元化旅游产品提升景区品牌知名度，打造川藏线上的旅游目的地；远期优化县域旅游产品结构，形成品牌效应，锚固八宿县作为川藏线上的旅游首选地的地位。以此为刚性目标，结合项目策划内容，制定八宿县旅游开发建设时序，总体思路为先升级服务，后完善景区；先建设规模景区(封闭式景区)，后布局线性景点(开放式景点)；先提升风貌，后再造景观。由此形成“夯实基础阶段 + 引爆培育”和成熟完善两个阶段(图9)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6458924" data-w="706" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9IphwsYJksq1JuoTl3ykK2eInkq6p1M0XwsZfbNyzbSHu3CicAicviap1U6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划按照“一村一策”思路，在规划范围内选取同尼村、拉根乡、来古村、然那村、雅则村和瓦巴村进行前期重点建设，通过补齐设施短板激发内生动力。近期，吸纳周边村民到示范村庄就业；中期，将示范村的成熟经验向周边乡村推广，发展旅游服务产业，解决村民就业问题，提升村庄经济；远期，由示范村庄与周边村庄共同形成旅游服务节点区域，达到全域提升阶段。例如，规划在同尼村主打茶马文化牌，将文化融入村庄风貌提升、基础设施和文化设施改善过程中，建议村民经营特色茶坊，参与旅游救助，以土地或房屋为资本入股本村的旅游开发，分享旅游收益；在来古村主打冰川牌，政府前期加大基础设施投入，改善交通和提升观景设施服务水平，鼓励村民围绕冰川美景经营民宿，或从事民俗工艺展示、户外运动向导等工作(图10)。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2183288" data-w="371" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgkXK9Ou3089kYricY2cd9Ipu83sN2IBtCV1EaM8gt7oJgxLc6pZgLU8mwBMpOUic9Y2GevXW0BSmNg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结合景区开发建设条件，规划在2018年度重点建设邦达旅游综合服务中心、七十二拐观景设施、业拉山观景设施、怒江峡谷观景设施、拉根乡景村共建、县城八宿美食街一期、然乌湖景区旅游专线(环湖自行车赛道)、冰川博物馆和神山倒影景点九大工程，以及医疗救助系统和灾害监测系统；在2019年度重点建设然乌旅游综合服务中心、来古村景村共建等九大工程；2020年后的建设内容和规模可根据开发的难易程度及实施条件，在建设时序安排的基础上进行调整。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/GGT6fRKhIibuouIApTuCuqwhxKXIX9xR5YToMl1IZnR16SpnEk8A95CAojg7pMWeAa7BpPN0Ky55IOakmtJvSAA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding: 0px 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四   结语</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 40px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 4px;padding: 10px 15px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 4px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: -30px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-30px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 30%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.575" data-w="200" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/q3CxMYoMvjHicnOP5oFkicomGXUk2MlgMCnWtKZTUWDHCHb1uXjOkUfAqicPXoa8AaEoibYIgmfaic9ZhErgicSuyWhg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游兴县，是目前西藏众多生态敏感型贫困地区助推经济发展的重要举措。虽然各贫困县市的基础资源、地域发展条件和面临的具体问题不尽相同，但是在西藏大旅游开发的背景下，旅游发展的大环境和格局具有相似性。本文试图从“精准投放”角度提出一些新的规划方法，以期为其他生态敏感型贫困地区的旅游开发提供参考。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(25px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(25px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(25px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(25px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 20%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8423077" data-w="260" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/gprVuftJd0J3ydTibHWiaOJl3bql3sTeDuIuHuuwicSKsYHhG7sZWpAt7ozYIFkfLZIBuPNYq3rqlmQibcXnAIqW9Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/PMtwrQspEicTia6GVuuC02cLBfwyHThgvtibSMKvUU3JUczRcxrq2FUljYJS6dKuy3HLpXs2nOW5B9prx2bn6TPsA/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年05期《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(116, 170, 172, 0.91);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：蓝皓月</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年05期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西藏生态敏感型贫困地区旅游规划</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“精准投放”策略</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 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border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section 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style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】三线 ? 三生 ? 三控：城乡布局结构的宏观管控机制<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】全域空间管制的手段辨析与划定逻辑研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】厦门城市空间管控体系与“一张蓝图”建构<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】新型空间规划体系下的县级“三生空间”布局与“三线”划定</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: 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powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4101852" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhicEQlBYjQHGicjQjDVicuT9ISDL0iccuKHiaUFA1kvQ4ZNHCDJTLibuicgjg4gp3LypyYxPu9bJYw6EmSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rCGhmhibpULHjYFgsJBSRO9ia3chHtqISdeU79ZbqSgYDQrnjhP5eaQLnYWcfpa0W97rNUs3yDMJKH9KX7TKZN7g/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mj8a2MBnHkrib8dLg0ic4dOJHjEXibialAXyQ6S5SPJBZGLlGomQZe1BL6lBicuIz65TYAw85tA5WUfg2g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right: 6px solid rgb(58, 140, 226);border-top-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section>
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