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<section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 3px 10px 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 35%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1b5TpRNvK04IcMR0660zWcIFzAH9Wxz0QmjK9Lj3joc1gtUE4kFxaxBQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 65%;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID:</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 68.3688%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 15px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1btcIy97PuvBCHCSgR6g5icLECrusC7v9vP9eEdjoq1LOMOIz7rBicztmA/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgba(41, 112, 36, 0.21);box-sizing: border-box;">如果不是看到这篇文章，我甚至都没有想过城镇化已经这么久了。李铁老师一直关注着城镇化发展问题，今天的文章或许能让你对于城镇化发展有更多的感悟。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">PS:后台经常有读者留言想找案例，我们已经将所有案例文章合并至微信公众号【中规建业】扫描文章底部二维码就可以看到了！</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1990年代以来，中国开启史无前例，规模宏大的城市化进程。中国是一个大国，城乡发展极其不平衡。大城市狂飙突进，中小城市和小城镇都在迅猛发展。因此，中国城市化进程呈现出明显的“城镇化”特征。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">经过二十多年发展，目前中国的城镇化处于什么样的水平呢？</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bHJv9Aj0U5m2c3uhQfr3OFQg4platWro7LsScygyeNcYiasvcodiaDSoA/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="40.37854889589905" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.7109375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1b5QlyH2b3AtpiamoUZABmiaLJKltIseDVt05ssO9rqxyFxEULPag0RS4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 451px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最近，中国城市和小城镇改革发展中心首席经济学家李铁，针对今年两会“提高新型城镇化质量”的表述，从宏观上谈自己对中国城镇化进程的看法。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模巨大，速度放缓，发展粗放，这是李铁对当前中国城镇化进程的主要归纳。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">李总理在今年两会上作政府工作报告，提出要<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“提高新型城镇化质量”</strong></span>。要想把握这一点，得先理解中国的城镇化进程。在我看来，目前中国城镇化所处的阶段，大概要从以下几个方面进行理解。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.1</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规模空前的城镇化<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">人口</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1b2yns70EtVr1GP9ukywF6kr6kCiclyPHicecUPBFCprEcA7yjn6zvwIaA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我国城镇化进程已经取得明显的成效。1996年以来新增的城镇人口为4.6亿，我国城镇化水平提高了29个百分点，城镇化率从30.48%到现在的59.58%，平均每年增长1.32个百分点，每年新增进城就业和居住的人口2083万人，总共4.6亿的农业转移人口被纳入了城镇人口，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">堪称是世界上最大规模的城镇化进程。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">按照诺瑟姆定律，城镇化速度从30%到70%是城镇化高速增长期，而<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国正处于城镇化高速增长期。</strong></span>我国与其他国家不同的是，我国的人口基数是14亿人，在城镇化高速增长的过程中纳入城镇化的人口规模是世界上其他国家无法比拟的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">相比东亚国家和地区，日本总人口才1.26亿，韩国人口5146万，中国台湾地区人口2354万，虽然这些国家和地区也经历了城镇化的高速增长期，但是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">中国新纳入城镇化的人口，相当于4个日本的总人口，9个韩国的总人口。中国城镇化的规模和速度，在人类历史上是空前的。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.2</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">高速的城镇化将<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">放缓</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bNmLv2rA6TWIc5kFXT8qJcxdGTZoXbxPbxtrc00ic2CJCxMER0plQc9g/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="61.37539432176656" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.6904296875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bvPiaCx889pMd9CUnKicE52p6O8JgPM3wiayyb5vqnW8Cn2pq3xZBmjIuw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 438px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">我国城镇化进程已经进入后期阶段。</span></strong>如果说城镇化率达到40%-50%，就意味着城镇化进入中期发展阶段，呈现出高速增长的态势，而当城镇化率达到60%以后，城镇化就已经进入后期阶段。如果达到70%，城镇化进程基本处于平稳期和饱和期。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我们看到其他发达国家，由于人口总量较少，当城镇化率达到60%以后，还会出现较显著的高速增长。但是中国人口基数大，可能会减缓增长速度，<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">提前表现出城镇化进程后期速度放缓的特征，</strong></span>发展相对平稳。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从我国各地区城镇化发展的不平衡情况看，相当一大部分地区还处于城镇化中期阶段。同时由于户籍制度的原因，我国常住人口城镇化水平和户籍人口城镇化水平还有较大的差距。因此，即使从城镇化率看，进入后期发展阶段，但是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">从质量上看，仍是中期向后期过渡的阶段。</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.3</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">急需制度改革，提高城镇化<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">质量</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bibic34coFhdrOhlW8gP91G6uLExbqtGKbB0HW82Q652LpPnXfDhGLwmw/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="40.37854889589905" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.7109375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1b8XQVreibM1VZeM8B7UicjfwL1aDJwWjP7zk5Pv66wUJEJseEZsejE69A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 451px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化重点将从数量型向质量型过渡。</span></strong>这也是中国城镇化的重要特色之一。虽然我国的城镇化率到2018年底已经达到59.58%，但户籍人口城镇化率仅仅为43.37%，两者相差16.2个百分点。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这意味着有2.26亿已经进城就业生活的农业转移人口还要完成市民化进程，还要让他们享受到与当地户籍城镇人口同等水平的公共服务待遇。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这也是中国城镇化进程中长期未解决的一个重要的体制性问题。过去追求速度增长，追求城镇化率的提高，但留下的最大问题是，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">还没有完成16个多百分点的农业转移人口的市民化问题</span></strong>。这涉及到户籍管理制度改革，土地管理制度改革等一系列深层次社会问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">如果2亿多已经进入城镇就业的农业转移人口，能实现市民化，能在城镇享受到与户籍居民同等的公共服务，那他们就会把消费从家乡农村转移到各类城镇，会通过城镇经济的发展稳定他们的就业，进而带动消费需求的增长，带动各类服务业就业的增加，并带动基础设施投资的增长等等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高城镇化的质量，就是要完成从数量型增长到质量型增长的转变</strong>，既会拉动内需增长，也会促进社会和谐与稳定。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.4</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国城镇数量过多，发展<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">粗放</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bHibMBCpVvhb1dMI3flAjkLlbT6eC83sFJrpB4h00pZuKlqPvAC6g4Yg/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="41.99369085173502" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.7099609375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bY2YJpRqXToGFEKDhN05kOWghKy84QKykOPQokziawoaLtCz0AGRPuqw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 450px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化发展模式从粗放型向集约型转变。</span></strong>我国城镇化进程虽然取得超高速的增长，城市的数量和规模也发生了较大的变化。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，我国现有千万以上人口的城市6个，500万以上人口的城市16个，100万以上人口的城市140个，是全世界规模以上城市数量最多的国家。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">虽然我国城市规模最大，大城市数量最多，但是设市城市只有673个，城市数量看起来并不多。</strong>但实际上我国还有21299个建制镇，其中建成区常住人口5万以上的有1125个。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">如果按国外的标准，镇区人口规模1万以上也都可算作城市，我国绝大部分小城镇都可以算作城市。近30年的城镇化高速增长过程，我国城市规模和数量发生了较大变化，城市面貌日新月异，城市的现代化水平越来越高。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从外表上看，中国的城市与发达国家的城市形象几乎没有什么差异，甚至看起来更好，但是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">存在着比较严重的粗放发展问题。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，用地粗放的现象没有发生根本的改观。我国目前人均城镇建设用地150多平米，比城市规划用地标准的上限还要高出30多平米，而比国家新型城镇化规划中提出的人均城市建设用地100平米的标准要高出50多平米。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">用地粗放，导致基础设施战线拉长，</span></strong>使得服务业和基础设施成本过高。用地效率低下，还造成了城市出行的不方便。特别是我国人口过多，耕地紧张，粮食安全问题十分突出。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">粗放型的城市发展模式，浪费了我国最为稀缺的土地资源，直接影响到我国已经实行多年的最为严格的耕地保护政策。提倡和推行集约型增长的城镇化道路，对资源合理利用，保护粮食安全，降低城市发展成本，具有十分重要的现实意义。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.5</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">摆脱房地产依赖，重视生态<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">文明</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1b0zP8elbuOWQt6Ko7LfclNfBdddG1pwkyTNve5DbSYibPZwBN1SFiciaPw/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="46.8391167192429" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.705078125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bwAIqC6B4xLZSrt8USV2U4TfBTBD3jWD9J0HgmNeCb12XWsViahWyVRA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 447px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化要走绿色、低碳和可持续的发展道路。虽然我国城市面貌日新月异，但是在城市建设中也出现了许多误区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">重视觉，轻功能，重景观，轻成本，重地上，轻地下，在近些年是城市建设中比较普遍的现象。特别是以房地产为导向的城市发展路径，盲目开展新区建设等，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">已经严重地影响了城市的可持续发展，造成城市债务危机。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">提出集约型发展取代粗放型发展，意味着<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市要实现转型，要推进低碳、绿色和可持续的发展路径，要实行紧凑型的城市建设。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">要通过提高城市规划和建设的质量水平，改变现有的城市发展路径，实现城市的转型，缓解债务危机，把城市的柔性治理和增加城市的包容性纳入城市的规划目标，为在新型城镇化进程中推进生态文明建设，提供中国的经验。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.6</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化要以人<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">为本</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1b8VWkgOWj471j6Yu8QibNswYdxYChvibyQ67yzvNgqtw9xFH6zuj17Z8w/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="41.99369085173502" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.7099609375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bPNjx8BX0GpDEm93v1MEhIYIRKIQAy0rgSibiaT1ZAWjIm9z505TdXjaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 450px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化要体现“以人为本”。</strong>要重视城镇居民的需求，重视外来农业转移人口的需求。城市的发展建设，要把解决人的就业和居住环境的改善，放在最重要的位置。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">城市的规划和建设，要考虑人的方便和实际需求。</span></strong>要注重城镇居民多元化的需求，而不是管理者的主观需求。要把人民的利益作为城市治理的重要目标。要从城市居民的长远利益考虑，坚决避免主观短期行为。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">所谓城市转型，其实就是要把追求GDP增长，追求所谓政绩工程，追求城市视觉效果，追求政府财政利益，转化为为人民服务，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">为城市居民和各类外来务工就业者服务，这样才能真正地实现“以人为本”的新型城镇化质量提高的目标。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.7</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">小<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">结</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bNOLjHIoic1DHAwSNLzTxAWebuL8Eic12MfFOXvoiaq7zhEmfnZ0u6bQqA/?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1024" data-cropy1="45.223974763406936" data-cropy2="768.807570977918" data-ratio="0.7060546875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAzjGhfwoylrByyPFF7zU1bWdaYHpMlXfB3zhuIKTRF5MtJdM7IJJB5btIpzo19QBspqHvyZRh9hA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 634px;height: 448px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">提高城镇化质量，要加快改革步伐。</span></strong>要改变传统粗放型的城市发展路径，要认真落实中央国务院有关推进户籍管理制度改革的各项政策，要按照《国家新型城镇化规划》提出的一系列政策目标，把改革的各项政策落到实处，需要推进以下几个方面的改革。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一是要加快推进户籍管理制度改革，</strong>加快农业转移人口市民化，特别是要在都市圈加大推进户改的落实，在都市圈内特大城市周边的中小城市和小城镇要放开人口控制。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二是要积极探索土地管理制度改革，</strong>释放集体建设用地的活力，有效地盘活城乡资源，更好地利用存量集体建设用地，打破城乡建设用地的入市门槛，实现城乡建设用地市场的统一。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三是要鼓励各地进行城市转型的实践，</strong>盘活存量资源，调整城市发展路径，缓解债务危机。四是利用城市群和都市圈，发挥中心城市对周边中小城市和小城镇的带动作用，并疏解特大或超大城市主城区功能，形成大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城镇格局。并通过下放权限等措施，发挥都市圈小城市和小城镇吸引产业和疏解功能的活力和潜力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章来源丨原子智库</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者信息丨李铁</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 投稿邮箱丨xjxtd@126.com</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中规建业城市规划设计院   信息中心</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br 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