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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUicnmNWDd040OoO4VG9uIwPKiblsEj96yJAx32aKzxlNcrXiaMAaWJE9Yg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUicnmNWDd040OoO4VG9uIwPKiblsEj96yJAx32aKzxlNcrXiaMAaWJE9Yg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-left: -10px;margin-top: -5px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-right: -10px;margin-top: -5px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -10px 0px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院博士研究生，华蓝设计(集团)有限公司副研究员</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全峰梅，厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院教授、博士生导师</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">王绍森</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2019年第4期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">当前我国城乡文化遗产保护观念发生了巨大变化，保护对象从“文物单位”到“文化遗产”，保护主体从少数人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">坚守到全民努力，保护方式从冻结保护到多元利用。但在快速城镇化背景下，城乡文化遗产保护也面临登录速度“快”与行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">动速度“慢”、“效益最大化”与“过度开发”、“物质环境优化”与“社会关系断裂”等问题和矛盾，必须以系统理论、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">辩证思维和可持续发展观去进行创新应对，保护、保存、利用和传承好城乡文化遗产。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-left: -10px;margin-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 15px;height: 15px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 2px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);margin-right: -10px;margin-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]文化遗产；保护利用；观念转型；系统；辩证；可持续</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2019)04-0089-05　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式] 全峰梅，王绍森 ．转型·矛盾·思考 — 谈我国城乡文化遗产保护观念的变迁[J]．规划师，2019(4)：89-93．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">发展与转型</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）保护对象：从“文物单位”到“文化遗产”<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过去，人们观念中的文化遗产仅限于国家、省、<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">市各级文物保护单位，自2005年12月国务院颁布《国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">务院关于加强文化遗产保护的通知》后，历史文化街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">区、历史文化村镇、工业遗产、农业遗产和文化景观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">等“动态遗产(Dynamic Heritage)”和“活态遗产(Living </span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">Heritage)”也逐步进入大众视野，同时也加快了我国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">从“文物保护”走向“遗产保护”的发展进程。在这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">一进程中，建筑文化遗产的数量、类型由少到多，保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">护对象由单体到整体，保护范围由城市向乡村拓展，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">保护要素从有形实体向“人”及其生存</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间转变。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)保护数量和类型由少到多。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以国家重点文物保护单位为例，<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">1961 ～ 2013 年，国务院已公布了 7 批</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">全国重点文物保护单位，总数由最早的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">180处上升到目前的4 　 296处。建筑文化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">遗产的类型由原来的宫殿、官邸、寺庙、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">陵墓和纪念性史迹等，向传统民居、乡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">土建筑、工业遗产、农业遗产、老字号</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">遗产和二十世纪遗产等“与人类有关的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">所有领域”拓展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)保护对象由单体到整体。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2002年，新修订的《文物保护法》<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">首次规定：“保存文化特别丰富并且具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">有重大历史价值或革命纪念意义的城镇、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">街道、村庄”。至此，我国文物保护领</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">域形成了由单体文物到历史文化街区、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">历史文化村镇和历史性城市的多层次保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">护体系。以国家历史文化名城、名镇和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">名村为例，国务院在 1982 ～ 2017 年间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">先后公布了 134 座国家历史文化名城，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">这些城市类型各异，为人们回顾我国优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">秀的历史文化打开了一扇扇窗口。2003</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">～2014年，住房和城乡建设部与国家文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">物局共同组织评选了 6 批共计 252 个中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">国历史文化名镇、276个中国历史文化名</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村，这些村镇反映了我国不同地域历史</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">文化村镇的传统风貌。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)保护范围由城市向乡村拓展。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国的传统村落是农耕文明不可再<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">生的文化遗产，承载着中华传统文化的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">精华，凝聚着中华民族精神，是维系华</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">夏子孙文化认同的纽带，保留着民族文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化的多样性，是繁荣发展民族文化的根</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">基。但随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">传统村落衰落、消失的现象日益加剧，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">加强传统村落保护和发展刻不容缓。为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">促进传统村落的保护和发展，住房和城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乡建设部、文化部、财政部等七部委于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">2012～2016年分４批次将4 　 153个具有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">重要保护价值的村落列入中国传统村落</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">名录。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)保护要素从有形实体到“人”及<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其生存空间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统村落、历史文化街区和古城镇，<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">都是由人创造的物质“文化场”“生活场”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其内部生存着相互关联的各种民俗文化。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来随着“文化生态学理论”被引入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">传统村落、历史文化街区古城镇的保护</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">工作中，传统聚落中的“人”及其生存</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间逐渐被整体性强调和保护，其宗旨</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在于传承和保护以人为中心的不同民族</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的活态文化传统及由这些文化传统显现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">出的独特文化空间。例如，丽江对纳西</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">族及其文化的保护，湘黔桂地区对侗族</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">及侗寨文化的保护等(图1 )。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7734807" data-w="362" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUGmtG7iaQTtcPXLiayXmNC3IVnNErkWDx9MkyeggXKLibECH698Vy9KFHw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护主体：从“少数坚守”到“全民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">努力</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)政府、研究机构、专家学者：创<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新主体。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长期以来，我国文化遗产保护基本<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是由政府自上而下地推行，但不可忽视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的是，政府也是城镇化进程中遗产破坏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的推手；专家学者在遗产保护中开展基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">础研究、文物修缮和文化宣传，并在遗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产遭遇破坏时起到“少数抗争”的作用。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这种保护方式显得较为被动。随着相关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法律法规的逐步完善和社会各界对文化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">遗产认知的日益成熟，以政府为保护主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体的遗产保护行为也日趋理性，相关部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门从原来的文保系统转向住房和城乡建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设部、文化部门、旅游部门、发改委等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多部门协同合作。文物学、考古学、建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑学、规划学、历史学、人类学、社会学、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济学、管理学和旅游学等更多领域专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家学者从不同的学科、专业、视角加入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到遗产保护和协同创新中。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)市场机构：活力主体。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着遗产价值的不断提升，政府也<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">逐步通过制定规划、完善基础设施和公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共服务设施、提供政策优惠等手段，引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导社会力量通过捐资、投资和租赁等方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式参与到文化遗产的保护利用中来。以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">福建“永泰庄寨理事会”为例，永泰县</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共有 152 座保存较好、综合价值较高的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">古庄寨。两年前这些庄寨还散落乡间、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">默默无闻，但通过成立庄寨理事会，让</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">庄寨进行企业化运作、走市场化道路，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广大庄寨开始得到有效的宣传和持续的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护。目前全县已有24个庄寨成立了理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">事会。理事会的工作有抢修庄寨、举办</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动、招商引资和建设新村等。这一社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会力量对传统建筑精华元素的运用、传</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统工艺在现代建筑中的传承、传统民居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场运作的流转、传统信俗观念的现代</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重塑等起到了重要作用(图2)。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9140401" data-w="349" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUY5eDY3KOoTTko5XfYia5sAluS4ZOlnaCC2Nia573AwVGetsJ78feRiaicQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)广大民众：中坚力量。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广大民众是文化遗产的创造者、使<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用者和守护者，广大民众的积极参与和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">支持，是文化遗产事业赖以存在和发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的决定性力量。这决定了不仅要依靠群</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">众保护传承好文化遗产，更要将文化遗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产作为精神食粮和产业支柱，让民众在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护、利用和传承中享受红利，真正成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为文化遗产的主人。近年来，许多城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府及相关部门从提高民众积极性、搭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建多样化平台、健全相关保障机制等方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面入手，提高民众的自觉意识和责任感，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引导其积极参与文化遗产保护工作，让</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化遗产在百姓文化生活中“活”起来，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">让文化遗产在民众经济中“活”起来，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广大民众也因此从文化“自卑”走向文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化“自信”。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护方式：从“冻结保护”到“多元</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用”</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)由“死”到“活”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过去文物保护单位的使用多限于<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文物管理所、博物馆和游览场所，而不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">允许进行其他多功能的使用，这种遗产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资源开放程度不高、利用手段不多、社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会参与不够、过于僵化的保护方式被称</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为“冷冻保护”。随着西方保护利用思</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">想的影响和人们日益增长的精神文化需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求，在社会各界，包括文物界，也逐渐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">接受文物场所“加强利用”“护用并举”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的理念，逐步协调遗产保护与活化利用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的关系，允许部分文物建筑空间兼容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地多功能使用，激活遗产的文化空间。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2015 年 12 月 28 日，国务院法制办公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">室公布了《中华人民共和国文物保护法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">修订草案(送审稿)》，其单独增设了第</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">六章“合理利用”共 9 条内容，其中第</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">七十二条要求：“实施文物保护工程，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应当体现文物利用规范的要求，做到保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护与利用相统筹”，第七十九条倡导：“国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务院文物主管部门应当会同国务院其他</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有关部门，发布文物合理利用的指导性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意见，促进文物资源的可持续利用和社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会共享”。2016 年 10 月 11 日，国家文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">物局颁发了《关于促进文物合理利用的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">若干意见》，提出了“扩大文物资源社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会开放度”“创新利用方式”“落实文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化创意产品开发政策”“鼓励社会力量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参与”等措施，切实让文物活起来。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)由“大拆大建”到“有机更新”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过去，GDP考核机制背景下的政府<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行政压力和经济压力过大，在快速城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化进程中，随着城乡建设用地的日益紧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">张，城市政府从功能主义角度出发，向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文物和遗产要土地、要价值，导致许多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市在过去的几十年中进行了大规模、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“运动式”、不可挽回的旧城改造和危</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旧房改造，以致城乡中的许多历史街区、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">古城遗迹受到了大规模破坏。21 世纪，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡文化从幕后走向台前。城市政府的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城建观念从“土地价值优先”向“文化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值优先”转变。同时，随着文化遗产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护等法律法规的逐步完善、文化遗产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护与更新理念和实践的不断进化，旧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城、旧村的改造方式也从大规模、激进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式的改造转向小规模、渐进式、居民参与、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以改善社区环境为主要目标、循序渐进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的有机更新，如上海田子坊、杭州南宋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">御街等，取得了良好的社会效益和经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效益(图3)。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6232687" data-w="361" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUs1wfXsdZLQXMW0wk7ft9aPnPIN2flB0fMv2z4VALdMh6tK5214qkRQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)由“政府输血”到“市场造血”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过去的遗产保护资金来源多以政府<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">投入为主，资金严重短缺，这种“政府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">输血”式的保护方式不利于文化遗产的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有效保护和永续利用。近期一些城市政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府、社会机构通过PPP等模式募集资金，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使社会资金成为历史建筑、传统村落、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">历史街区和古城镇等抢救保护与开发利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用资金的重要来源。以乌镇为例，2006</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年底，旅游运营商“中青旅”加入到乌</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇保护开发并控股，组建了中青旅、桐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡市政府和 IDG 三方共同持股的大型旅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游集团，集合了旅游资源、政策支持和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资金实力三驾马车，共同推动古镇开发，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从而实现了政府前期主导、宏观管理，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">运营商整体产权开发和复合多元经营的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乌镇模式 (图4)。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7621777" data-w="349" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUVLLs2XGaY82BeWDiaibRicVWicyCgXov2QFlgJfpvuMu0iaOCWk6Glde8sg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题与矛盾</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在全社会的共同努力下，我国文化<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">遗产保护取得了明显成效，但也应清醒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地看到，当前我国文化遗产保护面临着</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许多问题和矛盾，形势严峻，不容乐观。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">登录速度“快”与行动速度“慢”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的矛盾</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，各级保护单位登录的速度<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">越来越快，登录类型越来越多，登录数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">量越来越大，但相关保护法规、保护技</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">术却跟不上，导致遗产的衰败、破坏和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">流失仍在加速。根据2011年第三次全国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">文物普查，在已登记的不可移动文物中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">保存状况较差的文物占17.77%，保存状</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">况差的文物占 8.43%，22 年间约 4.4 万</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">处不可移动文物登记消失，平均每年消</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">失 2 　 000 处。再如，2012 ～ 2016 年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">4 　 153个具有重要保护价值的村落被列入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中国传统村落名录，为指导地方做好相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">关工作，印发了《关于加强传统村落保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">护发展工作的指导意见》(以下简称《意</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">见》)。虽然《意见》要求各地对已登记</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的传统村落进行补充调查，完善村落信</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">息档案，建立地方传统村落名录，也要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">求各级传统村落必须编制保护发展规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">确定保护对象及其保护措施，但因缺乏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">实操性，编制的保护发展规划形同虚设，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">传统村落空心化、衰败或受建设性破坏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的速度仍在加快。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在保护技术方面，建造和维修技术<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的保护和传承是非常重要的部分，没有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">了技术，“修”就等同于“破坏”。以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乡土建造技术为例，由于传统建造技术</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">萎缩，建造、修缮乡土建筑的民间工匠</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">越来越少，谙熟地方乡土建筑形制样式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和特色工艺的工匠后继乏人，严重制约</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">了传统乡土建筑保护工作的正常开展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，各类保护名录登录后，最重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">要的后续工作是研究具体的保护办法和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行动。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“效益最大化”与“过度开发”“超前</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">消耗”的矛盾</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着文化遗产旅游目的地的开发，<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">许多古村、古镇和古城的旅游人数越来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">越多，“繁荣”的商业、旅游发展貌似</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">给当地带来了最大的收益，但有些地方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的过度商业化和超负荷旅游却破坏了古</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村、古镇和古城特有的历史风貌与文化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间，许多建筑遗产也因为旅游而“过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">度开发”“超前消耗”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以丽江古城为例，1997年丽江被联<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。许</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">多商家看重这个商业契机，开始在古城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">大量投资，推动了丽江旅游经济的发展。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年丽江旅游接待人数突破4 　 000万，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游业总收入达 730 亿元。但经济繁荣</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的背后却是以牺牲古城历史特色和建成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">环境为代价的，商铺的雷同、民居变客栈、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">古建筑的破坏、传统文化的流失，使得</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">古镇变成了一个异化的“生意场”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017 年，以“品质历史国际社区<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">(Historic International Settlement)”列</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">入世 界文化遗产的厦门鼓浪屿，也面临旅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">游与遗产保护的矛盾。根据厦门市城市规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">划设计院《鼓浪屿游客容量估算》，鼓浪</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">屿理想日容量为 1.3 万人次，合理日容量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">2.3 万人次，极限日容量为 3.9 万人次。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">而 2017 年 1 月 26 日，厦门市旅游发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">委员会公布的鼓浪屿景区最大承载量为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">6.5 万人次 / 天，2017 年 6 月 30 日起最</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">大承载量调整为 5 万人次 / 天。即便如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">此，这还是超过了规划极限日容量1.1万</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">人次，对鼓浪屿的生态环境和人文环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">均造成了不同程度的破坏 (图5)。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6406685" data-w="359" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUlDSiaWutN5rF3wptTwE0A7ySmLicZDCp95fmzeKAmRib022lEkRPwnbIw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“物质环境优化”与“社会关系</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">断裂”的矛盾</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统聚落中生活着千百万的居民，<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">无论是遗产的“保护”还是“改造”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">都将牵动世代生活于此的居民感情，涉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">及现实中人的生活和未来世代的利益。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">土耳其诗人N.希格梅(N.Hikmet)曾说：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">“人一生中有两样东西是永远不会忘却</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的，这就是母亲的面孔和城市的面貌”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">传统聚落既体现了传统文化的价值，又</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">构成了人们的生活图景，因此在聚落遗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">产的保护开发中，既要根据现实需求改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">善人居环境，更重要的是维持好其中的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">“人”的社会网络关系，留得住“乡愁”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但在实际的城乡建设中，部分政府<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和开发商在各自利益的驱动下，对历史</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">街区、历史建筑等资源进行大规模整治</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和改造，造成历史建筑无法挽回的损失</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和建设性破坏。一些开发商打着“微改造”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的幌子，实际上却对传统聚落和历史街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">区进行着“手术式”的拆旧建新、居民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">迁建，以致一些历史街区、旧城在保护</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">开发建设中，看似物质环境得到了很大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">改善，但却因没有处理好“人”的关系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导致原有的社会组织结构、社区网络及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">居民间的邻里关系受到破坏 (图6)。这一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方面是政府和开发商对投资效益的美好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">愿望，另一方面则是居民对精神家园的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">无限眷念，这导致保护传统聚落与城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">投资开发理念形成了一对难以协调的矛</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">盾。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7657143" data-w="350" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYU5dkqaBsy35NK2tPTghw3QwBjYb3R6nNFT9GpVhWHOiaViaZZJode9r5Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">思考与展望</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>遗产保护利用的系统观<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化遗产的保护利用是一个系统工<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">程，城市规划师、建筑师和管理者要用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系统的思维去看待和解决文化遗产保护</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用中的问题。早在 20 世纪 80 年代，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">吴良镛先生创立的“广义建筑学”就提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出“融贯的综合研究”方法，其框架也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包含了研究人们的“物质空间需求”和“文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化空间需求”。同时，吴良镛先生针对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国历史性城市进行研究，总结国际城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市发展经验教训，结合北京旧城保护的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实际提出了“有机更新”理论，这一理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">论强调了文化遗产保护的“有机性”和“整</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体性”。20世纪90年代，吴良镛先生提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出了“人居环境科学”导论，为探讨人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与环境的关系、解决城乡建设中的实际</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题提供了系统论的方法。文化遗产的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护利用也要用“融贯的综合研究”方法，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">融贯文化遗产学科、文化学科和城乡规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划学科，结合其他学科领域的知识和内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容，从全局、宏观、战略和发展的角度，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分析和解决文化遗产保护和城乡建设中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的问题。而系统论的方法则有利于城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划师、建筑师和管理者从更广阔的视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">野、更深的角度分析和梳理文化遗产之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间的内在联系，更加全面地评价遗产的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值，探索多样化的保护利用方式。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>遗产保护利用的辩证法<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化遗产是人类文明的凝结物，是<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不可再生的宝贵资源，具有独特性、稀</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">缺性和不可再生性等特征，这些特征决</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">定了文物保护的重要性，告诉人们对待</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">文化遗产保护利用必须严格遵守相关法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">律、法规要求。城市规划师、建筑师和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">管理者在遗产保护中都必须严格执行“保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的 16 字方针，它全面、准确地揭示了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">遗产保护与利用的关系，即既要做好遗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">产保护，又要合理利用好历史人文资源，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在加强管理的前提下实现古为今用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，充分保护是合理利用的根本<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和前提。其次，合理利用可实现最佳保护。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">合理利用一来可以产生良好的社会效益，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">可以使人们获得丰富的知识，唤起人们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对遗产的热爱，增强遗产保护意识，从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">而起到遗产保护的作用；二来可产生直</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">接的经济效益，在一定程度上反哺遗产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">保护，同时带动其他相关产业的发展。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，保护和利用两者是相辅相成、不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">可分割的，在城乡建设、旅游开发中都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">需要正确处理好保护与利用的关系，形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">成保护促利用、利用助保护的双赢局面。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: -3px 0px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(40, 119, 145);border-right-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);border-left-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>遗产保护利用的发展观<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(40, 119, 145);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">历史的车轮滚滚向前，万事万物也<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不断发展变化，遗产保护同样会面临诸</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">多发展中的问题，这需要城市规划师、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建筑师和管理者用“发展”的思维去解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">决相应的问题。早在 20 世纪 40 年代，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">梁思成先生就对北京古城保护提出了可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">持续的保护发展观点，他认为，“虽然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">北平是现存世界上中古大都市之‘孤本’，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">它却不仅是历史或艺术的‘遗迹’，它</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">同时也还是今日仍然活着的一个大都市，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">它尚有一个活着的都市问题需要继续不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">断地解决”。显然，梁先生主张是要在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">解决都市问题的基础上让都市遗产活化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和持续发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可持续发展是当前最为重要的发展<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">观，目前已成为国际社会的行动准则。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对于遗产保护和利用、城市建设发展而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">言，城市规划师、建筑师和管理者也要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">遵循这一战略思维，强调科学性、公平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性和持续性，保证遗产资源的保护和合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理利用，兼顾当代和后代的需求，兼顾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济发展和文化进步的需求，兼顾人类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行为和自然的和谐共存。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化遗产是人类智慧的结晶、文明<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的标志，保护文化遗产就是保存人类文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明发展的历史记忆。当前，我国正处于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化快速发展阶段，一方面城乡建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以空前的规模和速度展开，对文化遗产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及其文化环境造成了前所未有的破坏；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面，在全球化的冲击下，传统文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化个性和地域文化特色正在逐渐丧失，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化多样性面临严重威胁。面对文化遗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产保护和城乡建设中的各种问题和挑战，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划师、建筑师和管理者必须以系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统理论、辩证思维和可持续发展观念去</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行创新应对，保护好、保存好、利用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">好和传承好这些珍贵的、不可再生的文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化遗产，促进文化遗产保护的可持续发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-color: rgb(0, 182, 9);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px 15px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.1166667" data-w="480" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/MHPbkNibAAgTfa9O4iaS566IYtqvdCRppgfWMEibSVJd8I2HLPZFW7q8WSasC9Cef5StFUCga31J2BVTSmgF3TibqA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年04期《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% -25px;transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.1166667" data-w="480" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/MHPbkNibAAgTfa9O4iaS566IYtqvdCRppgcla6ZL9LScKKfibEN4Po6za7Vz2aiaWgwYqtxf8YrxXZKzBPTs7Av7og/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: rgb(128, 128, 128);border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年04期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转型·矛盾·思考</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">——谈我国城乡文化遗产保护观念的变迁<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐                                            </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】社区共治视角下公共空间更新的现实困境与路径<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】山地城市社区生活圈特征识别与规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】新加坡社区服务设施体系规划的演进历程、 特征及启示</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 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14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛7】北京市肢残人对一刻钟社区服务圈的 无障碍需求与满意度研究</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/59QiaHrQ9LOZoibK55q6ib3icZoKX7kkZWfBW5RavrPM4ZicSIYKaEPV9eTUofoGOeXUq9tWmMuYyDuBxooHsdHgr5A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left: 6px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-right: 6px solid rgb(34, 136, 146);border-bottom-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);border-left-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(34, 136, 146);border-radius: 6px;word-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: 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src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYU3O6mKfib9wibkuI0kLPIYic3fvTcqrcGULLjqBy3IQx5BXzUfDSboJzog/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="300" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUhFkj350Xjpvo6HZOMP1qHL31eibichViaVTxffHia1jSCHPH3YY6uXzOicw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgpFWHYKGODnpOYhycqHlYUewQwjf3IiaTvc4K8gGxTia9iaTJ5nGniamnndKY00bYaeVJu6ibjb69Sayg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 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