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<section class="XiGuaChajian" style="display:none;" data-tools="西瓜插件，运行于电脑浏览器上的插件，可在公众号后台找优质文章素材，一键美化排版，检测文章违规，查看任意公众号粉丝阅读数" data-label="Power by：chajian.xiguaji.com"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);border-right-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">宋江宇</strong>  中山大学地理科学与规划学院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">周素红 </strong> 中山大学地理科学与规划学院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">柳　林</strong>  广州大学地理科学学院，辛辛那提大学地理系</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">龙冬平</strong>  中山大学地理科学与规划学院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">肖露子</strong>  中山大学地理科学与规划学院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文刊载：</strong>宋江宇,周素红,柳林,龙冬平,肖露子.日常活动视角下居民健康影响的性别差异——以广州为例[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(07):999-1010.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">版权说明</strong>：感谢作者授权发布，如有转载等事宜，请联系原作者。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 242, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 6px dotted rgb(95, 156, 239);border-right: 6px dotted rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘要：</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　中国<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市化转型</strong>背景下，居民的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共健康</strong>成为城市地理研究的一个热点，但基于日常活动视角分析居民健康的影响因素和路径的性别差异研究较为缺乏。本文尝试通过构建结构方程模型研究不同性别群体居民属性、建成环境、日常活动对健康影响的差异。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　研究发现：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全职男性、全职女性与非全职女性</strong>的自评健康存在显著差异，得分依次降低；健康影响因素和影响路径存在性别差异，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">女性日常活动受到更多约束</strong>，其健康更大程度受所住社区周边建成环境和日常活动的影响；女性亚群体之间的健康及影响路径也存在差异，需要重视就业状况对女性亚群体健康差异的影响。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文拓宽了健康影响因素的研究框架，对转型背景下<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">改善建成环境，减少日常活动约束，关注健康的性别差异</strong>具有重要的现实意义。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词：</strong>健康；日常活动；性别差异；结构方程；广州</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(5, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">１</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">引言</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　党的十八届五中全会明确提出将“健康中国”作为国家战略，公共健康问题得到越来越多的关注(关美宝等, 2013)。20世纪90年代后，城市居民不健康风险直线上升(Xu et al, 2010)，女性群体尤甚(Wang et al, 2005; Smyth, 2008; 孙菊等, 2008)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　目前国内关于<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">居民健康影响的性别差异</strong>的研究还十分缺乏，尤其缺少对女性等弱势群体的关注，难以为城市规划提供科学的决策支持。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　影响健康的因素方面，部分研究认为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">居民属性特征</strong>的不同导致健康差异。不同性别群体的社会角色和社会经济地位 (胡琳琳,2005; Arberet al, 2007)、教育水平和职业状况、年龄、婚姻状况以及就医行为(孙菊,2008)和健康的相关性具有统计学意义。居民健康并非只受个人属性特征的影响，与环境要素也密切相关(Kearns et al, 2002)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　已有的研究通常从<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">密度、混合度、设计、公交邻近度和目的地可达性</strong>五个方面归纳建成环境(Cervero et al, 1997; Ewing et al, 2010; 曹新宇, 2015)。国外研究建成环境对城市居民健康状况影响的成果丰富，但集中探讨建成环境如何通过影响活动方式从而影响居民体力型活动的参与程度(Frank et al, 2003)，认为使用汽车出行导致久坐不运动，对健康危害最大(Frank et al, 2004; Ding et al, 2014)；而增加步行和自行车出行的活动数量，能降低心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率(Furie et al, 2012; Kelly et al, 2014)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6671642" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZhribUHyUvdlCpPeUgy9xHiclFbM7ARhQIibpict8Tk7rHyicOy6tMxaNo9g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图源：全景网</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　国内学者开始逐渐关注<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建成环境</strong>对居民健康的影响(林雄斌等, 2015; 吴江洁等, 2016)，但更多地关注建成环境对居民活动方式的影响(Zhao,2013; 孙斌栋等, 2016)，缺乏对不同性别群体健康影响因素差异的关注。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　居民日常活动时空的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">性别差异</strong>受到越来越多的关注(Kwan,2000)，但从日常活动视角对健康问题的研究一直较为缺乏 (Richardson et al, 2013; 关美宝等, 2013)。活动空间(Kwan, 1999; Li et al, 2016)、活动时间(柴彦威等, 1999)、活动时空间弹性(Schwanen et al, 2008; 申悦等, 2012; Costal et al, 1988)等日常活动相关方面均对健康有影响。然而，已有研究较少在一个框架下分析日常活动与居民属性、建成环境的关系及其对健康的综合影响（周素红，何嘉明，2017；敖荣军等，2017）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　综上，越来越多研究关注健康的性别差异(柴彦威等,2003; 胡琳琳,2005;孙菊,2008)，但是少有从日常活动视角关注健康影响的性别差异。为探讨上述问题，本文以广州市为例，利用结构方程模型研究城市居民健康影响的性别差异。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(5, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">２</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域和模型构建</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-right-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-left-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1研究区域</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文在广州市辖区所属的天河区、越秀区、海珠区、番禺区、荔湾区、黄浦区、花都区及白云区等8个区4类18个社区（图1）选取样本，将居民健康影响机制归纳为一个理论框架（如图2），即<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">假设居民属性和其所住社区建成环境直接影响健康</strong>，同时，这两个方面又<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过日常活动（活动空间、时间、方式和弹性）间接地影响健康</strong>。结合各观测变量，在提出的理论框架基础上，建立了初始概念模型（如图3所示）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3693305" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZNibgjXLX4qece58PibnuianoGjg11Aam3OFlAAvIFso0icqLTKtKN5WH5Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="463" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>图1 研究区域区位图</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3722222" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZslJhO4tHpMEB5FReUH9LfaR0gZrcmE5PlOF6jZqWs4Pd41tSmTU8yQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>图2 居民健康影响机制的理论框架</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.525" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZapVzgd4YKjtmFVBtZiaC057T3iboVgr1t7q7YjgBuHlTV69EgPnFzOHQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>图3 居民健康影响机制的模型</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(5, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">３</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">描述性统计</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文综合考虑<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">性别和就业状况</strong>，将样本分成<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全职女性、非全职女性和全职男性</strong>三个群体。运用交叉表和非参数检验对3个群体的相关属性差异进行分析。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-right-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-left-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1不同性别群体居民属性特征和差异</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　如表1所示，广州市全职女性，非全职女性和全职男性三个群体在自评健康、婚姻状况、年龄构成、文化程度以及月收入水平等方面均存在显著差异。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">非全职女性的自评健康最差</strong>，全职女性的自评健康低于全职男性。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>表1 不同性别群体居民属性特征</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4361111" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZuiaIro4ophclaYiaXM6J2LicbloUjc3FUiaKURQpAsLweJdRmAoNNpYJqA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-right-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-left-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2不同性别群体日常活动特征和差异</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　对比全职男性、全职女性和非全职女性（如表2），活动地点距城市中心的距离依次增大，参与维持活动频率依次增加，活动时空间弹性依次减小，女性居民是家务活动的主要承担者，非全职女性群体承担家务活动的比例最高(Kwan,2000)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>表2 不同性别群体日常活动特征和差异</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5027778" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZFoJ2icQsicFpV7KMXfQEQzicYCLx4xXbw8g65UfvnSlAQngpo8EVUtSZw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(5, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">４</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">模型结果</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　借助结构方程模型，对比三个群体健康影响在路径和因子结构上的差异（如图4和表3）。不同群体的健康影响路径存在差异，且影响程度也不同。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6083333" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZUrUXr3hOTU29Rg6oyLhjrxkMMQzLCbClA4tmLXM7LoCcgdiaeLDDNNQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>图4不同性别群体居民健康影响路径</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>表3 不同群体外生变量对不同性别群体内生变量的总体效应、直接效应和间接效应</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5777778" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZiakYtFytoc8icXnV6IlsaCuLFSZAyjAhhNpHsF7Z4XdnLKb6gOUNyVGg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>表4 部分重要潜变量因子负荷表</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4796296" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZKEzcJiamQDQXZicQYXn4ljdedAxZGlB2waTraPmD9yvkiawyeHjT4HlRw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-right-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-left-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.1居民健康影响因素和路径的性别差异</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　如表3、图4（a、c）所示，全职男性健康与全职女性健康在影响因素和路径上存在差异。居住区建成环境对全职全职男性健康直接影响不显著，且通过日常活动对全职全职男性健康的间接影响也有限；而居住区建成环境对全职女性健康直接影响显著，同时通过日常活动相关方面间接作用于健康。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-right-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);border-left-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2女性健康影响存在群体内部差异</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　如表3、图4（a、b）所示，全职女性健康与非全职女性健康在影响因素和影响路径上存在差异。相比居住区建成环境对全职女性健康同时具有显著的直接影响和间接影响<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">，居住区建成环境仅通过日常活动的间接影响非全职女性健康</strong>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　全职女性居民健康影响与全职男性的最大不同在于，日常活动和居住区建成环境对女性居民健康影响程度较大，且居住区建成环境主要通过日常活动间接影响全职女性健康和非全职女性健康。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">日常活动</strong>是理解居民健康影响的性别差异的重要视角，也是理解女性居民内部全职女性和非全职女性健康影响差异的重要视角。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(4, 96, 221, 0.7);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(5, 96, 221, 0.7);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">５</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结论与讨论</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　城市居民健康在世界范围内越来越受到关注，针对国内外缺乏从日常活动视角分析健康影响因素研究，本文构建结构方程模型，分析全职女性、非全职女性和全职男性三个群体的健康影响因素及影响路径。研究发现：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　全职男性、全职女性与非全职女性的自评健康存在显著差异，得分依次降低；健康影响因素和影响路径存在性别差异，女性日常活动受到更多约束，其健康更大程度受所住社区周边建成环境和日常活动的影响；女性亚群体之间的健康及影响路径也存在差异，需要<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">重视就业状况对女性亚群体健康差异</strong>的影响。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　上述结论对城市规划和管理采取相应措施关注居民健康性别差异，以及女性内部健康差异具有一定借鉴作用。首先，城市规划和管理关注女性群体的健康时应<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">重视女性中的亚群体的健康差异</strong>，致力于减轻弱势群体日常活动中可能受到的时空间约束。其次，居民日常活动行为及其与城市空间的交互，成为研究居民健康的重要视角。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　最后，中国背景下通过<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">调节建成环境因素来影响健康</strong>同样可行，但也需注意区别于对西方城市建成环境对健康影响的研究结论(Wang et al,2011;Frank et al, 2004; Kelly et al, 2014)，关注对不同亚群体健康影响的建成环境因素的调整。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZFuQL9lU3w7ibbnsSGIBbEUib13NwMdSzia8UzhBrRXevc1u0TnoSvFzdQ/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.345" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB788LtBpN77Uic8aFvzHEpzCZFuQL9lU3w7ibbnsSGIBbEUib13NwMdSzia8UzhBrRXevc1u0TnoSvFzdQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="200" style="vertical-align: middle;opacity: 0;width: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 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