国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> | 3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月5日期</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPI6UJPne2kzS9mKk7109ZRS072XiaZuL0dic9ENlqQPicAhSw4c7OwksCA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPYy1tAoI8ic0KLj8j1B2KBR4ib5icu1o7YFAYBQkhw5Cza8XgrObndjDXg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPYy1tAoI8ic0KLj8j1B2KBR4ib5icu1o7YFAYBQkhw5Cza8XgrObndjDXg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPYy1tAoI8ic0KLj8j1B2KBR4ib5icu1o7YFAYBQkhw5Cza8XgrObndjDXg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNBeicmPV5T0OvnGS7vzH4Pq5cPgvhlnzcVwwq2GHN80n2lT4rl7yu9LwA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNBYp5nIiafibKLvywn5O5PUhShibEibQSzicyMpxKc33WpyS8hR2axcUgn92w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNBLAwHAZeRTfUDRzHhRt7VvmpHI7B8hdZjm1LjWH9lAntz1IvyMZWKpw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNB1wxGQfdEJKDRDY2TB1d9CLhzHOF16X0xhrcicvIBGp0ougdbeQTpHSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPI6UJPne2kzS9mKk7109ZRS072XiaZuL0dic9ENlqQPicAhSw4c7OwksCA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNBsVINe7GEmiaWfhhQyOSjxZhy62OF2gRMFGcQ5Bof3YR59Y5F0lndSRw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNBwgPFQZiaahPET9r3dvJOrKhT0ic80akTEQFdAyoqBeX9XHp9OMNmu4kA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9962406" data-w="266" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaic3FqO9tQNfqfgcJhb1XTNBibpoPTlZX7ER7pibRzOP7xOs83wT1ygkIpE3WJy6TuZhaVa6icrxxSgSg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPCibLlXYFkjUMOsxIrIIjAgnC2foscyJeUOkRyCVKns8w9dylPyEstWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPYy1tAoI8ic0KLj8j1B2KBR4ib5icu1o7YFAYBQkhw5Cza8XgrObndjDXg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">   原文 |</strong> 德国环境署UBA   欧洲自行车联盟EFC </p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译 |</strong> 顾天奇、王红杰、夏家琪</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">季钧一、毛丽雅、祝舒阳、厉梦颖</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献 | </strong>夏家琪         <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核 |</strong> 顾天奇、赵鑫玮</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑 |</strong> 众山小        <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版 |</strong> 李佳佳</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPYy1tAoI8ic0KLj8j1B2KBR4ib5icu1o7YFAYBQkhw5Cza8XgrObndjDXg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPYy1tAoI8ic0KLj8j1B2KBR4ib5icu1o7YFAYBQkhw5Cza8XgrObndjDXg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPeCGN754J68ibDwOnLraz0UCw9pzPFenm4PhQQ3lrDL5ibC7ZCqLzjpSQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-10386-1536648223411" style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">一览</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">导读</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(128, 178, 188) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-91206-1550803535902" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">大数据的时代，出行规划领域也感受到了前所未有的支持力量。而穿过酷炫的概念，思考在应用中数据与规划的完美结合，会发现除了系统工程本身的复杂性，每个细节上对组织者、政策制定者、研究者都有着极高要求。本文从观察欧洲自行车挑战赛的视角，总结了从数据收集到最终骑行规划的全过程。其中赛事的游戏化设计、参与者的互动，以及分析结果最终惠及骑行的介绍探讨，可以为这个规划过程中的每个角色，在如何发挥自身创造力去推动自行车出行方面，提供很多参考。而研究评述部分，则从实际操作的角度分析了GPS数据在规划应用时数理统计上的优缺点，并指出了同类实践面临的关键和难点。两部分将实践和研究紧密结合并干货满满，也为此类规划实践指明了方向。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: right;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(225, 238, 226);background-color: rgba(191, 224, 216, 0.58);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 18%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 64.7 40.8" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path d="M36.2,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0c0.5,7.4,6.7,13.3,14.2,13.3c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C53,8.9,54.2,4,57,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7c-0.1,0.6-0.1,1.2-0.1,1.8C36.2,26.7,36.2,26.9,36.2,27z" fill="rgb(225,238,226)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path d="M0,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0C0.6,35,6.7,40.8,14.3,40.8c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C16.8,8.9,18,4,20.8,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7C0,25.3,0,26,0,26.6C0,26.7,0,26.9,0,27z" fill="rgb(225,238,226)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 82%;padding: 5px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(82, 126, 118);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-37654-1532002390660" style="color: rgb(147, 195, 186);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-88499-1532002568774" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用GPS数据来规划 | 则一（实践篇）取之于人、用之于人-欧洲自行车挑战赛，众包自行车数据的自身受益性</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文 |</strong>  Giuseppe Liguori, Marco Amadori, Francesco Iacorossi, Edoardo Marcucci, Andrea Simone, Claudio Lantieri  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译 |</strong> 祝舒阳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1、摘要</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">欧洲自行车挑战赛（ECC）是一项城市骑行者之间的团队竞赛，开展于每年的整个5月份。作为欧洲CIVITAS组织MIMOSA项目的一个小型试验，ECC开始于2011年的博洛尼亚，现已发展成每年有来自欧洲几千名骑行者参加的竞赛活动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ECC挑战赛的巧妙之处在于，它把人们的日常通勤游戏化了。2016年，来自欧洲17个国家的52个城市参加了第5届挑战赛。在1个月的时间里，46000名参赛者骑行了4百万公里并产生了大量GPS数据，这些数据在挑战赛期间以“城市热图”的形式直播，同时也被许多城市用作使用者需求的评估和骑行规划。ECC在2013和2016年两次获得CIVITAS的最佳沟通举措奖，以表彰它借助线上应用来研究及评估使用者需求的创新性应用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因为骑行者的数量影响着赢得挑战赛的可能（以及收集到GPS数据的数量），所以参赛城市都会部署当地最强大的沟通策略，力图招揽到最多的骑行者。ECC在地区和国际层面都是一个有趣的项目，它能促进新兴的城市间合作、新兴的地区团体（NGO和支持者等）创建，以及大量其他活动。此外，项目还能引发通勤者出行行为上的改变。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">众包GPS数据对于参赛城市有着多重的应用和影响。在地区层面就有很多研究方法，比如应用数据研究、GIS地图绘制和路径评估、道路设施安全检查与GPS数据的交叉匹配、骑行行为方面的研究等。本文讲述了博洛尼亚和罗马的两个应用案例，其中骑行GPS数据使骑行者自身受益，因为它形成了一个良性循环-骑行者最初产生了数据，而数据的分析结果最终又服务于骑行者。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2、介绍</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 45px;height: 45px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -32px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-69725-1548847915417" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(174, 255, 236) 2px 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;">欧洲层面</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">博洛尼亚2011年的试验于2012年再度实施，并通过添加游戏化因素，扩大到了多城市规模的挑战赛。这也是第一届欧洲骑行挑战赛（ECC挑战赛），参赛的7个欧洲城市互相比拼，竞争城市骑行的最高里程。在爱沙尼亚（塔林）、意大利（博洛尼亚和圣拉扎罗迪萨韦纳）、西班牙（巴塞罗那）、英国（雷丁）、罗马尼亚（雅西）和希腊（萨罗尼科斯），715人骑行了大约9万公里（绕地球赤道两次），减少了20吨的二氧化碳排放。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这项赛事也成为了地方团体的重要规划工具。事实上骑行行为和数据并不像汽车出行那样容易获得，因为城市收集到骑行数据的机会并不多。而通过ECC赛事，参赛城市第一次获得了骑行者通勤和出行上的详细数据，通过热力图更容易展示数据处理的结果（见图1）。因此，ECC赛事迅速地成为了一项行为改变的运动，它在帮助城市规划者和政策制定者收集重要数据方面发挥了巨大的作用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5769829" data-w="643" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPua9nG6DbGr26xeV7gWxCaOdl6TJHbkIAlOx6Hz0h4vgK2MbIHjFgCg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、塔林赢得了第一届的欧洲骑行挑战赛，这是追踪到的骑行热力图。</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">欧洲CIVITAS组织MIMOSA项目结束之后，ECC用一个基本商业模型来保证了组织者的收支平衡，每个参赛城市的注册费用为1000欧元，另外1000欧元作为收集和传输原始GPS数据的费用，而对于参赛的骑行者们依旧免费。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3、<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游戏化与行为改变</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">就欧洲自行车挑战赛来说，政策制定者的最终目标是出行行为上的改变。目前促进可持续出行的一个趋势就是借助于游戏的能动机制。这个概念常常被称为“游戏化”，比如“在非游戏语境中”加入”游戏元素设计”（Deterding/Dixon等, 2011），目的是在非娱乐性项目上发挥游戏机制的强大力量。游戏化的主要目标在于影响人们的行为，已被探索应用于很多方面，比如教育、医疗保健、众包行为，或者可持续性，这个工具在出行领域也颇具潜力，游戏化可以“影响人的行为、提高动力，并扩大参与性”（Marczewski, 2013）。在交通领域，游戏化有不同用途，比如追踪使用者的出行。它也可以用来鼓励更多的可持续出行选择，比如举办一项“出行挑战赛”或者“减排挑战赛”，借此机会向人们提倡更加快捷或者更加减排的出行方式（Jylh?/Nurmi等, 2013），或者也可以通过给经济友好型驾驶加分来促进安全驾驶（Klemke/Kravcik等, 2014）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ECC这种游戏化的方法基于一个城市层面的出行总里程竞赛，同时也基于团体、公司、学校和个人之间的次级竞赛。这三个层面的竞赛以“口口相传”的方式很好的激发了挑战赛中的团队竞争和积极交流，而最后这一特质正是ECC挑战赛的一个重要因素，它为城市团队和次级团队招募到更多的队员和地区参赛者。ECC挑战赛最终十分成功，它激励人们选择自行车来完成日常出行。游戏化的设计最初需要对手头问题充分的分析和理解，而ECC游戏化的目标就在于，一是影响出行行为，二是通过收集GPS数据监测骑行者的出行行为。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4、GPS数据的收集</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ECC挑战赛有趣又简单，它激励人们为了更多骑行的目标挑战自己、朋友、同事和其他城市。在挑战赛结束时，软件收集到的GPS 数据能够提供参赛城市在骑行方面细致而大量的信息，这样的数据对于城市规划者和政策制定者有着多方面的价值：比如检验现有自行车道网络的效率（见图2中的示例）、基于市民的真实需求来规划城市的未来交通、用于SUMP项目中，或者用于软件建模等等。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6289308" data-w="636" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPBC1HpYPzKzeAcgmSJxFvb1fxuSCsut6MTzzKBAwek3WRju92jabWMQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、博洛尼亚一个购物中心顾客的数据分析（绿圈），基于赢得第一届的欧洲骑行挑战赛的塔林在2015年ECC挑战赛对骑行追踪并形成的热力图。</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9240506" data-w="316" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPNLme5XYkQWlqxZZetMraAgs4MArSYQy94iaBjMB7mUssSQxtwPqricQA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、2015年博洛尼亚，ECC收集数据与DICAM骑行观测统计数据的比对及显著性水平。</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这份数据的质量也比其他骑行数据高出很多，它在速度、等待时间、交通量、性别、准时、天气影响以及日常用户非经常用户对比方面都提供了很多细节。考虑到避免隐私方面的投诉或误用，GPS数据在分析之前都做了匿名处理。并且为包含尽量多信息，ECC允许参与者手动输入追踪数据或从其他设备或APP上传GPX文件。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5、<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">GPS数据的利用</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据的用途是由参赛城市决定，数据以CSV文件提供给各城市的协调人，这些文件包含出行记录和GPS点，接下来每个城市都可以自由选取最合适的方式对数据加以利用。接下来简要介绍博洛尼亚和罗马两个城市的应用案例。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(191, 224, 216);padding: 5px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(15, 79, 67);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）数据收集</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -9px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 50.8 2.2" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><rect x="-1" y="-11.8" style="box-sizing: border-box;" width="50.8" height="1.8" fill="rgb(191, 224, 216)"></rect></g><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M0,0c0,0,16.3,4,30.9,1.3C36,0.4,37.1,2.6,50.8,0" fill="rgb(191, 224, 216)"></path></svg></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参加ECC挑战赛，用户须安装由SRM公司开发的Cycling365软件，软件在世界范围内可以免费获取。每条出行记录都包含以下信息：出行目的（工作、休闲、学习、其他），年龄，性别，职业，以及每5秒更新的GPS位置记录（纬度、高度、经度、距离、日期及时间）。根据最高速度、平均速度、路径长度等相关参数，每条出行都经过了过滤。软件也向用户提供记录并验证后的个人出行热图。另外，每一次出行都关联了一个“用户ID”和一个“出行ID”。数据存储在一个本地服务器的数据库里，它由一个外部运营商管理并通过密码保护。数据以CSV格式导出，以便通过GIS软件来支持查看、编辑和地理空间数据分析的功能。所使用的系统可扩展到大量城市，并能同时应对不同的政策举措。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(191, 224, 216);padding: 5px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(15, 79, 67);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）博洛尼亚的应用案例</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -9px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 50.8 2.2" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><rect x="-1" y="-11.8" style="box-sizing: border-box;" width="50.8" height="1.8" fill="rgb(191, 224, 216)"></rect></g><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M0,0c0,0,16.3,4,30.9,1.3C36,0.4,37.1,2.6,50.8,0" fill="rgb(191, 224, 216)"></path></svg></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">博洛尼亚的案例描述了一种对ECC挑战赛期间收集到GPS 数据的简单应用。骑行方式在博洛尼亚交通出行中的占比大约是6%，都市区（部分包含在ECC挑战赛的范围）的占比约5%。博洛尼亚的汽车保有率其实一直很高，为500辆/1000居民（都市区为800辆/1000居民）。而在2015和2016年，ECC挑战赛在博洛尼亚追踪到的参赛者骑行分别为约8万和12万公里。2016年，博洛尼亚市政府希望在市中心范围的大约100个地点新安装1,000个自行车停车架，因为经过前几年骑行模式占比的不断攀升，自行车非法停放的问题已经日渐严重。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市政当局不仅通过在线调查向市民及公司询问对市中心自行车停放位置的需求，还咨询了SRM方面，希望他们分析从ECC收集的数据，并从中得出骑行者的起终点。SRM使用QGIS软件来分析GPS数据，并向决策者提供了热力图和新自行车停放架的可能放置位置，热力图应用的数据源于前往市中心或附近区域的所有骑行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据建立于2015年5月记录的16773次骑行样本之上，包括追踪男性用户的9409次骑行，追踪女性用户的4738次骑行，以及性别不明的2626次骑行（在注册阶段性别登记是可选请求）。2015年ECC挑战赛的参与者平均年龄为37.5岁。数据分析识别出的位置都呈现出大量集聚或者多出行方式交互的特征，比如大学、学校、火车站等。热力图能够帮助技术人员进行现场检验，以评估用户停车需求和供给间的关系。通过研究热力图、74名受访者的调查结果和现场检查后，博洛尼亚市政当局在市中心区域放置了大约1,000个新的自行车停放架。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7441558" data-w="770" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPEdWbibaO8WxbQ0b5QML3YFzpCvaba5bc0ib4AljMFt1MBKpFLNFWOEBA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、2016年博洛尼亚新安装的自行车停放架的位置（红点）和ECC2015的骑行终点位置。</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">博洛尼亚目前没有新安装车架实际使用情况的反馈，但由于这些位置是根据使用者的需求（骑行数据和调查）分析得出的，因此预计自行车架会充分发挥效果。下图中给出了一些前后对比的例子：</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 48%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(132, 132, 132) 0px 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7211538" data-w="312" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPL8Car1ccnsxnjCrdKTNQRFSC1fBJ54BRviaBFPU65wg5TrAjS4dQcrA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 48%;padding: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(132, 132, 132) 0px 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7111111" data-w="315" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPdlgcxLRZZuhGzNKjwv9z1pHWbU4yaDXV4Ky9icYBFCrwBDmZzOjCDnQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五和图六、Via Luigi Calori安装了一个自行车架，靠近商业区和市中心体育馆。</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图：Google Maps (2015) (2016)</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">第一个应用案例展示了众包数据如何帮助决策者改善现有的基础设施，从而最大限度地为市民提供便利，而最初也正是市民们产生并提供了这些数据。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgba(81, 81, 81, 0.54) 0px 0px 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(191, 224, 216);padding: 5px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(15, 79, 67);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）罗马的应用案例</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -9px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 50.8 2.2" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><rect x="-1" y="-11.8" style="box-sizing: border-box;" width="50.8" height="1.8" fill="rgb(191, 224, 216)"></rect></g><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M0,0c0,0,16.3,4,30.9,1.3C36,0.4,37.1,2.6,50.8,0" fill="rgb(191, 224, 216)"></path></svg></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗马的交通方式占比表明，骑行的水平非常之低，在一个人口约280万的城市，只有1％的道路使用者选择自行车出行，而54％的人仍旧使用小汽车。拥有汽车在罗马仍然很受欢迎-每1000名居民拥有675辆汽车。因此，ECC挑战赛意味着一个推动骑行、创建用户社区并使城市骑行更具吸引力的机会。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗马的踏板，是罗马市交通部门选用的官方标签，用于在罗马市推动2016年欧洲自行车挑战赛。整个5月期间，ECC发布在@PastaRoma推特账户上，每天都可以获取新闻。这项赛事除了新标签和一个特别手册，最重要的是向人们提供了一个新鲜的挑战。罗马史无前例的聚集到了大量当地的自行车NGO，这些NGO为规划和传播2016年ECC挑战赛做出了重要贡献。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然有罗马人持反对态度，他们认为投资“自行车事业”是浪费公共资金，“因为罗马并不是哥本哈根”，然而ECC大量的公众参与证明了反对观点的错误。2014和2015年的挑战赛中，罗马的参与者数量逐渐增加，而2016年罗马组织方更加自信地设定了一个月200公里骑行的大胆目标。最终罗马不仅达到甚至超越了这个目标，最终205.24公里的骑行成绩也比2015年增加了18.5％。另外与2015年相比，参与者增长 10.7％，活跃骑行者增长14.7％，这两项数据明显进步也显示出整个城市骑行方面的巨大潜力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗马在2016年收集了超过28000次的骑行，其中56％是骑自行车通勤数据。记录的用户日均骑行为7.4公里，平均速度为13公里/小时。这些数据及热力图，和罗马交通部门收集并处理的宝贵信息组合到一起，用以实施自行车系统的改善或新建。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9134615" data-w="312" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPk1uO0tOl9pu4ZjBoVqHepLic5PSOtibCcsANT2laKJPia17XBBHPw2cvw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、罗马在2016年ECC挑战赛期间骑行记录形成的热图。</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在图八中，根据2016年欧洲自行车挑战赛中的骑行流量分析，新规划的自行车道（如Via Ostiense和Via Aventino）突出显示为蓝色。该项目是充分发挥技术优势用于自行车交通规划的一个很好范例。作为PASTA（可持续交通方法促进体力活动）项目的一部分，罗马同样利用对骑行主要路线的崭新认识，确定了2017年将新安装的300个自行车架的位置。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8237179" data-w="312" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPopeUo8fWaN6kxR0HNAibWVxrW7olbxRCXg59c6CPtI77VYjt7T3IGQw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、罗马根据骑行流量热力图新规划的自行车道。图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与博洛尼亚的应用案例类似，出行的起终点用于发现罗马骑行者的当前需求，数据来源于当地对此感兴趣的利益相关者、机构以及一些城市规划分析。研究发现，骑行终点主要位于公立学校、公共办公室、地铁站和公交车站附近。下图显示了罗马交通部门分析得出的新建自行车架的位置，而这考虑了新建前的供给以及2016年欧洲自行车挑战赛收集到数据展现出的需求。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4401244" data-w="643" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicTZiaW7x0toyN5EKmib1y0BPT1UjGCIFW3vb6O8Kq6gc6nOO5A2q4Ggm0x0DicthUWHTojvjhrvWCwg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(62, 63, 58);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、罗马300个新自行车架的安装位置。图：Own illustration</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">6、结论</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(0, 0, 0);border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ECC挑战赛代表了一种促进骑行的独特方式，使参与者享受其中并收集数据。积极的竞争形式促进骑车者的团队精神，并鼓励地方团体的创建，这些团体可为地方行政部门提供建议并参与骑行相关活动。此外，收集的数据对于交通规划者来说很有价值，它既可以提供城市骑行者真实行为的高质量信息，也能作为城市和交通规划的信息输入。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应用案例表明，众包骑行数据是自我受益过程中的关键，因为参与者同时是创造者和受益者。所在城市的政策制定者和地方当局既是数据收集的发起者，同时也是道路使用者产生大量信息的接收者。而大学和研究中心则通过对这些数据的研究分析成为了关键利益相关者。这一过程具有附加价值，因为多次参与挑战赛的城市获得了逐年的数据集，这使它们能够逐年地比较评估政策。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">收集到的数据通过多种工具加以利用，并同其他来源的数据结合使用。除了追踪记录骑行者们行程上的努力，城市应该考虑最大限度地利用接收到的数据，来提高骑行路网的安全和效率，许多参赛城市在这方面还有提升空间。许多情况下，活动的缺乏是由于预算的限制，但缺乏技术支持或专业知识也是原因所在。即使像博洛尼亚和罗马这样现已拥有大量历史骑行数据的城市，在利用数据方面也是低于最初预期的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另外的一个现象值得关注，2016年之后，SRM从应用商店下架了Cycling365程序，因为程序维护、数据运营、不同操作系统下连续的更新需求，在资金和人力成本方面显得过于昂贵。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 45px;height: 45px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(191, 224, 216);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -32px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-69725-1548847915417" style="color: rgb(15, 79, 67);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(225, 238, 226);background-color: rgba(191, 224, 216, 0.58);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 18%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 64.7 40.8" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path d="M36.2,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0c0.5,7.4,6.7,13.3,14.2,13.3c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C53,8.9,54.2,4,57,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7c-0.1,0.6-0.1,1.2-0.1,1.8C36.2,26.7,36.2,26.9,36.2,27z" fill="rgb(225,238,226)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path d="M0,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0C0.6,35,6.7,40.8,14.3,40.8c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C16.8,8.9,18,4,20.8,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7C0,25.3,0,26,0,26.6C0,26.7,0,26.9,0,27z" fill="rgb(225,238,226)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 82%;padding: 5px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(82, 126, 118);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-69172-1551684724494" style="color: rgb(147, 195, 186);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-88499-1532002568774" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用GPS数据来规划 | 则二（研究评论篇）</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文 |</strong>  Sven Li?ner, Angela Francke      </p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译 |</strong> 祝舒阳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(93, 91, 91);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文章描述了GPS数据在城市规划中的实际应用及其难点所在。事实上很多城市都缺乏对骑行者行为及路径选择的认知，因此数据的追踪恰好满足了骑行规划的需求。随着智能手机在欧洲的广泛普及（2018年德国达80%）以及大众在自我追踪、公民科学方面的兴趣上升，类似ECC挑战赛所创建的数据库更频繁出现，相似的操作还有Strava以及BikeCitizens。然而在科学领域，针对这种数据库规模的研究却寥寥无几，(Hood, Sall, &Charlton, 2011; Menghini, Carrasco, Schüssler, & Ax-hausen, 2010)，呈现出明显的滞后。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">GPS追踪骑行数据的强大，在于它的空间可用性和直观的视觉效果。首先，自动计数站只能在大范围路网中提供准时数据，这种不足显然就被GPS数据填补了。其次，它能为政策制定者提供有趣的视角，比如骑行者在空间的可视化。而对于科学家来说，这种数据在很多研究上都颇具价值，它能用于出行模式或骑行行为的研究、文中案例1或案例3的规划实践，或者对已建自行车路径进行评估。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管GPS数据在参与者数量和空间分布上具有优势，它也有些实质性的缺点值得注意。参与者不是随机产生的，相反出于个人兴趣的自我参与会带来显著的偏差。另外需要考虑没有智能手机或GPS记录器的人，他们会被系统地排除。事实上GPS数据在数据的代表性方面有些失败，它甚至无法量化。这就是科学家和实践者们在接下来得尽快应对的一大问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而另一个棘手的问题是，参与者数量与城市整体居民相比实在太少。这很重要，因为短期数据的收集需要一个最小统计确定性。文章中的参与者和其他数据源相比已经很多，但数据在中年男性方面有着明显偏差。该领域多项研究都有同样问题(Broach,Dill, & Gliebe, 2012; Jestico, Nelson, & Winters,2016)，即这个特殊用户群体的确切影响目前仍然未知。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从科学的角度来看，对自选样本在路径选择和速度影响进行定性和定量分析是十分重要的。一个运动型骑行者（比如Strava用户）和一个送孩子去幼儿园的妈妈明显具有实质性不同，同样从A到B，一个“死飞型”用户和一个老年骑行者也绝对会有不同的路径选择。所以从实践者的角度，尽管面临许多问题，但科学、合理地利用新数据源进行工作是根本命题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">考虑实践者对GPS数据的利用，比如博洛尼亚和罗马的两个案例，科学和实践的差距不容忽视。这二者无法强行结合，所以我们应该在截然不同的两种视角和机会中学习如何利用数据来促进自行车出行。虽然科研项目的数据都有充分的预处理，但对于参加ECC挑战赛的城市，案例中数据的传输方式非常原始。从科学的角度这是极好的，因为没有损失任何信息，但主管部门却不一定拥有足够知识或人力来验证这么原始的GPS数据。那么对于异常值、出行分段或者模式识别都不会有筛选，而这些环节可以通过学校、资金等外部力量来推动完成，比如Bikeprint.nl网站的开源方法介绍了使用GPS数据库的一般方法。另外需要注意数据收集的背景，比如游戏化方法很可能引起短期行为的改变，这就可能成为数据比较上的一个阻碍。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从实践者的角度，这三个案例无疑指出了GPS数据对自行车规划有实质性的帮助，因此更应该强调处理数据来源的代表性以加强数据理解，这项科学任务十分明确。正如两个案例所展示，经济力量和实践者们都已迈出了利用数据的第一步，现在科学必须着手数据的可靠程度，以获得一个真正有用并且值得信赖的自行车规划工具。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">第一步，必须分辨不同类型的骑行者在出行上移动模式的不同，并由此过滤和加权自选样本以改善样本的代表性。第二步，就像前文应用案例中的实践者们，应持续评估规划结果、不断确认所用措施是否达到了理想效果。通过这些步骤，对于借助GPS数据进行真正可行的规划就应该清晰了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如果仔细观察数据记录，会发现另有一些重要步骤应当补充。第一，居民使用者们应当管理自己的数据并需要了解数据在利用上的条款。第二，每项操作都必须符合EU-DSGVO数据保护条例，来妥善应对隐私问题。第三，必须强调公民科学及参与的重点。实践者需对此负责，收集的数据至少能够产生自行车基础设施的积极改进，否则用户一旦望，数据记录方法中参与者的数量就会减少。对于第三点如何达成，Liguori等人的研究为我们指明了道路。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;margin-top: -4px;margin-right: -4px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 110, 153);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(全文终)</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 110, 153);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">完</section></section><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 110, 153);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">待</section></section><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 110, 153);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">续</section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(243, 64, 234, 0.76);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img 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