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<section class="XiGuaChajian" style="display:none;" data-tools="西瓜插件，运行于电脑浏览器上的插件，可在公众号后台找优质文章素材，一键美化排版，检测文章违规，查看任意公众号粉丝阅读数" data-label="Power by：chajian.xiguaji.com"></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-right-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">范诗彤　</strong>中山大学地理科学与规划学院硕士研究生</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">李立勋　</strong>中山大学地理科学与规划学院教授</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">符天蓝　</strong>中山大学地理科学与规划学院博士后</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文刊载：</strong>范诗彤,李立勋,符天蓝.流动摊贩疏导区的实践效应和挑战——以广州市荔湾区源溪社区疏导区为例[J].热带地理,2019,39(01):81-90.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">版权说明</strong>：感谢作者授权发布，如有转载等事宜，请联系原作者。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 242, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 6px dotted rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-right: 6px dotted rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘要：</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　通过观察、问卷调查、访谈等质性研究方法分析疏导区政策出台的社会背景，梳理政策的详细内容，并<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以广州市荔湾区源溪社区流动摊贩疏导区为例，分析了疏导区的实践效应及面临的挑战。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　研究表明：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区政策</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是政府根据历史经验、兼顾多方利益主体出台的治理流动摊贩的手段，为摊贩提供了进入门槛低的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">合法经营空间</strong>，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重新塑造了流动摊贩的空间分布和社区商业体系，提升了摊贩的认同感，便于城管规范管理，满足了更大范围的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">消费需求，存在一定的正面效应；但因噪音污染、管理不善等问题，疏导区的设立<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阻碍了社区环境的提升</strong>。由于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地临时性的弊端和所在社区定位升级的发展需求，源溪疏导区被要求撤销。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　案例显示：由于疏导区占用公共空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间和所涉不同群体的利益无法协调等问题，疏导区政策并未帮助摊贩实现从非正规经济到正规经济的转变。因此，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市管理者可通过<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立第三方组织，为疏导区利益相关群体建立沟通机制</strong>，合理地进行疏导区的选址和管理。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词：</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">流动摊贩；疏导区；非正规经济；正规化；广州市荔湾区</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　随着我国城市化进程的快速发展，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">非正规经济<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成为部分<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">农村剩余劳动力的谋生手段</strong>。在城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的老城区，非正规经济活动是未到退休年龄的下岗</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工人和需要兼顾家庭的已婚妇女常见的谋生手段，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也是满足老城区居民生活需求的一种业态。作为非</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正规部门，流动摊贩的经营活动影响着我国的城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间和城市环境。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　为规范流动摊贩的空间分布及治</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理其对城市环境造成的不良影响，城市管理者利用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同手段对流动摊贩进行管制。我国对流动摊贩的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管制经历了计划经济时期的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“利用、限制、改造”</strong>，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到市场经济改革背景下为提升城市形象对流动摊贩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“处罚、取缔”</strong>，再到和谐社会建设背景下对摊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩进行分区治理（黄耿志，2015）。“正规化非正规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部门的过程（formalizing the informal sector）”，学术</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界简称为“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正规化</strong>（formalization）”。根据我国的实</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">际情况，正规化可定义为非正规部门获得政府有关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部门经营许可的过程（尹晓颖 等，2006）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　我国城市对流动摊贩提出了因地制宜的治理策<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">略。2010年6月，广州市委、市政府学习借鉴新加坡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经验、结合广州市具体情况，</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以“疏堵结合”为理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">念，划定流动摊贩疏导区作为流动商贩的安置区域</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区的建立，为低收入人群提供一个谋生的场所，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体现出广州对流动摊贩的治理手段从强制的驱逐和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">取缔转向更加柔性与包容的临时安置。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　但2015年以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来，广州多个疏导区面临被拆除的危机，根本原因</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在于疏导区占用公共空间用地，涉及居民、摊贩、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">消费者和城市管理者等多方利益。由于多方利益无</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法兼顾和协调，使疏导区政策进入了一个瓶颈期。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　目前关于流动摊贩的研究主要包括流动摊贩的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会特征、空间特征、产生机制及利益相关者的博</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弈</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4个方面。社会特征体现为摊贩从业者为低收入、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低技能和同质性强的边缘人口，摊贩经营活动事关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生存（尹晓颖 等，2006；陈昆仑 等，2015）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6119403" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibecnSibVRZxJuGBq2ibnMicW3Oecc2GyQhKOvDg1DN7nJ6QRDB4NanFEW2A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图源：全景网</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　空间特征呈现空间专业化和同类服务集聚的趋势，经营空间随时间及人流集聚灵活变化（刘毅华 等，2015；张延吉 等，2017）。流动摊贩产生的原因可归纳为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩内部需求及外部环境滋养</strong>2方面。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　摊贩的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">内部需求具有异质性</strong>，如城市失业者再就业，由于自身能力限制选择低门槛的摆摊工作；或是为了兼顾家庭或摆脱被正规工作过度剥削而选择追求自由的谋生方式；或是农民因农村贫困到城市摆摊售卖农产品谋生等（黄耿志 等，2011；Huang et al., 2018）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　外部环境包括<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩集聚区服务体系的空缺</strong>（陈昆仑等，2015）、<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">周边消费习惯的依赖</strong>（杜培培 等，2017）以及<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">区域管制制度空白</strong>。关于制度空白的原因，有学者认为是城中村作为多种制度共存的共同体，存在体制难以覆盖的管理空缺（尹晓颖 等，2006）；也有学者认为是管理者刻意的“去管制化”（Sassen et al., 1997；黄宗智，2010）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　非正规经济涉及的利益相关者之间的博弈是流动摊贩研究中的重点，包括途径和效应2个方面。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">途径体现为城市管理者的治理方式和流动摊贩的抵抗方式。</strong>我国对流动摊贩的态度经历了3次转变：改革开放前的认可→被视为阻碍现代化的象征（黄耿志等，2011）→尊重非正规从业者的合法合理诉求（杜培培 等，2017）。改革开放以来的治理方式也从强制的正规化（包括整改、查封和取缔）转变为规则化治理和柔性执法（如N市采取流动摊贩实名制扣分清退法则，广州建立疏导区安置摊贩）（尹晓颖等，2006；黄耿志 等，2013；杜培培 等，2017）。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩在面对管理者强制正规化时，通常会采用迂回战术进行无声抵抗</strong>，面临过激冲突时会通过暴力或抗议去捍卫权利（黄耿志 等，2011）。同时，摊贩还会通过灵活的方式应对政府部门以外的地方自治组织、地痞组织及本地村民与周边居民等多方群体的管制（薛德升 等，2008）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　国外对流动摊贩的管制手段与国内相近，体现为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">强制驱逐、转移的空间政治规训</strong>（Johnsen et al., 2010; Onodugo et al., 2016;Boonjubun, 2017），但流动摊贩的应对措施更多样化，如墨西哥城历史城区的摊贩组建商业联合组织应对（Crossa, 2010），德里的摊贩通过非盈利组织、正规店主等多方利益者反复协商维持平衡（Schindler, 2014），拉丁美洲城市中心区的摊贩通过庭院市场这一新的非正规场所进行交易（Bromley etal., 2009）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8014925" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibeLcnicx1icV2W7UibSZ1xicoc3cNkh75Wic8dkLicLdo7sd3pDs6xjEWJcBdw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图源：全景网</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　博弈效应的研究主要集中在管理者对流动摊贩管制的效果（黄耿志 等，2013；2015；Onodugo etal.，2016；Boonjubun，2017）。黄耿志等（2013）以沥滘村疏导区为例，归纳了疏导区政策成功的影响因素，包括合适的区位、保持低成本优势、形成规模化经济、有保障的空间使用权和经营权等。黄耿志等（2015）认为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区政策存在正负效应</strong>，正面效应包括疏导区的设立为流动摊贩提供了稳定的经营场所、良好的经营环境和扩大经营规模的机会；负面效应包括空间固定化、区位限制和进入权不平等，疏导区改变了流动摊贩的本质和剥夺了其优势，因此建议对于流动摊贩的管理应适度正规化。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　Onodugo等（2016）对尼日利亚南部城市埃努古额的流动摊贩和城市规划者进行研究，并指出用强制驱逐的方法治理流动摊贩收效甚微，制定政策<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">颁发许可证规范流动摊贩是更有效和人性化的做法</strong>；对于规划者而言，应将流动摊贩理解为一种适当的谋生手段，摊贩通常会选择有稳定客源的摆摊地点，这远远比规划者单方面划定的合法摆摊场所重要。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　Boonjubun（2017）研究了泰国曼谷的“将行人道还给行人”计划的实践效果，结果显示摊贩在失去原来合法的营业空间后，会转移到街道等其他地方摆摊，使得街道的秩序更加混乱；由此可见，该计划的实际成效与政策提升街道安全性的目标相悖。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　总体来看，目前的研究主要<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">聚焦在静态的时间节点上管制手段的实践效应，缺乏对流动摊贩管制手段及其效应进行跟踪性的调查</strong>。同时，目前的研究更多的是从流动摊贩的角度去看待管制手段的效应，缺乏对其他利益相关者的影响分析，对管制手段的效益判断不够全面。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　鉴于此，以广州市荔湾区源溪社区为案例地，使用现场观察、抽样问卷调查及深度访谈等质性研究方法，分析疏导区政策出现的社会背景及政策内容；结合源溪社区流动摊贩疏导区的实施情况，分析疏导区对摊贩空间治理、社会规范的实践效应，以及疏导区政策面临的困境；最后对疏导区的作用机制进行总结，讨论非正规活动正规化逻辑的合理性。以期在理论上补充非正规经济管制中不同利益群体的博弈逻辑和影响效应，在实践中为非正规经济的管理提出规划建议。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgba(15, 105, 16, 0.48);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">１</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域与方法</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-right-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-left-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.1 研究区域</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　选取广州市荔湾区南源街的源溪社区为研究区<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域。源溪社区位于广州市荔湾区南源街道西北部，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">属于广州的老城区。源溪社区北临东风西路，西临</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">南岸路，位于东风西路、环市西路和南岸路的交汇</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">处，附近设有公交站及地铁站，交通便利（图1）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在空间上，源溪社区距离采购肉菜货品的江南市场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近，集聚了广东省输电厂和广东省冷冻厂等国企下</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">岗员工，位于中心城区边缘城市监管缺位地区。自</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪90年代起，源溪社区逐步发展成为流动摊贩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的聚集地，给社区环境带来了一定问题，包括流动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩占用社区道路，影响居民出行和社区的治安、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">卫生环境，因此</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源溪社区成为广州市内典型受流动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩占道经营问题困扰的地区之一</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　2010年，源溪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区流动摊贩疏导区建立，是广州政府设立的首批</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区试点之一。经过多年的整治和磨合，疏导区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日益兴旺，社区的卫生环境与道路阻塞情况得到改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">善，是广州疏导区政策的成功案例之一。2015年，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区发布公告，疏导区所在地需进行市政化改造，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区即将被撤销。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6156716" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibehE1G7iciabdxbMf3oRDsic4ibMn7JPbYIVOicROx4jSjib6bqVrKU8evHNGg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1072" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1 研究区域区位</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　据广州市城管委数据显示：至2015年，广州市设<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">立了120个疏导区，设置摊位共8 512个，安置130 012</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">万人。其中，荔湾区有13个，提供摊位518个（廖颍</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">谊，2015），是广州传统老城区里面摊位数量最多的。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全市超过一半（53%）的疏导区设立在城市社区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">内街小巷（黄耿志，2015），容易引发占用公共空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的争议。位于荔湾区的源溪疏导区作为广州目前建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">立时间最长的疏导区之一，经历了疏导区从试点—</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成熟兴旺—面临撤销等不同的发展阶段，且位于老</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城区的内街小巷，能典型地反映疏导区政策在广州</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">老城区治理流动摊贩的实践效应和挑战。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-right-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-left-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2 研究方法</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　采用资料查阅、问卷调查、现场观察与半结构<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">访谈的综合方法，于2016年2—5月对源溪社区进行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多次实地调研和回访。其中，对源溪疏导区的流动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩从业人员、住处与疏导区相距不等的社区居民、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">负责管理疏导区的南源街街道办城管科负责人、源</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">溪社区巡逻的城管协警员和正规店铺商贩共22人进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行了深度访谈，目的是梳理源溪社区的演变过程、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了解疏导区的管理方式及疏导区对不同利益群体的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会影响；对疏导区消费者、摊贩从业人员发放问</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">卷60份，回收有效问卷58份，调查内容包括消费者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和摊贩从业人员的人口社会学属性、居住分布及对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区建立和撤销的态度。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(15, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">２</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区政策的实施背景及内容</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　为更有效地治理流动摊贩问题，广州市政府运<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用“疏堵结合”的途径治理流动摊贩问题，先后出</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">台多条相关政策。在2009年9月出台的《广州市城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管理综合执法条例》中，第三十条规定：“市、区人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民政府应当采取措施引导流动商贩入场（室）从事</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合法经营”。</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此条例是全国首条规定政府在对流动商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩的管理中负有引导义务的政策，指出试采取“疏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">堵结合”的管理方式，在流动摊贩管理要兼顾管理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和民生。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2010年8月出台的《广州市流动商贩管理暂</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行办法》对流动摊贩的经营空间、经营种类和经营</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场等进行了规定，明确了分区域管理的空间治理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　其中，对禁止摆放的区域，广州出台了《关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于划定严禁乱摆卖区域的通告（第1号）》，确定145</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">条主要道路、56个重点地区和49个亚运比赛场馆周</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边场所禁止流动摊贩进入。对允许流动摊贩经营区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域，2010年6月，广州市委、市政府决定学习借鉴新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加坡经验、疏堵结合治理流动商贩。2011年6月，广</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">州市城管办和市城管委先后发布了《广州市2011年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度整治和规范流动商贩管理工作方案》《广州市流动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商贩临时疏导区管理试行办法》（以下简称《试行办</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法》）和《关于划定严禁乱摆卖区域的通告（第2号）》，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开始推进流动商贩临时疏导区（点）建设工作，</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在为流动摊贩提供一个固定的合法经营场所，降低</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区的不稳定性。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　自2009年5月起，广州开始实行流动摊贩划定区<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域摆卖试点，在荔湾、白云、天河、海珠、萝岗均</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有设点。2011年根据试点经验，发布的《试行办法》</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规定在严禁摆卖区域以外的有条件地区，可设置流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动摊贩疏导区；并规定疏导区需满足以下4个条件：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防止同业竞争，不与周边正常经营商户产生恶性竞</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">争；不影响周边居民正常生活；不影响交通组织和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防火安全；不影响市容环境卫生。划定疏导区的主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体为街（镇），由街（镇）、居委、村、社区、小区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">物业、市场管理机构联合划定流动商贩临时经营区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域，经市、区流动商贩管理领导小组核准后实施。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　2016-06-01《试行办法》失效，2018年8月广州市城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市管理委员会印发《广州市流动商贩临时疏导区管</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理办法》，对规章制度进行了修订，增加了疏导区会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审制度，明确了疏导区变更和撤销的标准。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(15, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">３</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">源溪社区流动摊贩疏导区实践效应</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-right-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-left-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1 疏导区的空间效应</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　调查发现：源溪社区作为流动摊贩的集聚地，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从初始发展到政府设立摊贩疏导区，共经历了3个空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间发展阶段（图2）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第一，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">自发集聚阶段</strong>，社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的商业空间“自下而上”自发集聚，呈现出明显</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的空间集聚分布特征，与机动车道路直接相接的街</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">巷聚集流动摊贩最密集，其次是与街巷交汇的十字</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口的位置。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第二，建立新源溪市场后，源溪社区流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动摊贩占道问题依旧普遍，但受到市场正规商贩的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">排斥和为了避免与他们正面冲突，邻近市场的街巷</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成为了摊贩们摆摊的“禁区”。该阶段通过</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">完全市场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化的手段为社区建立了一个新的商业中心</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，但由于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进入门槛过高，新源溪市场并未能吸纳商户，只是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一个“空有其表”的社区商业中心，而社区街巷杂</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乱的商业分布情况并未得到根本性改善。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第三，为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改善流动摊贩杂乱的空间分布状态，政府在源溪社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区设立了流动摊贩疏导区，为摊贩提供了</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有序和固</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定的商业空间</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3574074" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibe5L2lkNX3CMoKkhjBQY1SzoC05xSxNcK5rrG1A34njuM1vh1DEcxAsw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2 源溪社区流动摊贩空间分布变化</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　2010-08-03，源溪社区疏导区作为广州首批试<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点之一正式运作。疏导区建立在原有已废弃的源溪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区铁路的周围，具体位置为省冷铁路源溪段以东，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">省输变电大院西侧围墙以西，源溪大街以南，省冷</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">铁路专用线与电厂铁路专用线分岔口以北（图3-a）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在初始运作阶段，该试点共提供61个流动商贩摆卖</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊位，截至2010-08-16，出租37个固定摊位，剩下</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为流动临时摊位。2011年街道办对疏导区进行了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">扩建，增加了50多个摊位，完善了可移动遮阳棚和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">遮雨棚等配套设施（图3-b）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　对于疏导区内的摊位</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管理，本地户、下岗工人、贫困户和南源街的老商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩优先租用，体现了准入门槛兼顾弱势群体原则。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于公共服务的属性，政府向疏导区内流动摊贩收</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">取的管理费用低廉，临时摊位租金为15元/d（包含5</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">元治安费和10元24 h保洁费），固定摊位为300元/</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">月，减轻流动摊贩的经营负担。为了避免与周边市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">场形成竞争，对在疏导区经营的种类上有一定的要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求，允许售卖蔬菜、水果和小百货，禁止售卖鱼、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">肉、禽畜和干果类产品。此外，为了不影响周边的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居民生活，疏导区经营时间限定在T 06:00—18:00。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3138889" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibev6oOKfyrOfykIUQPXD4xOjcPQmHvaqchR2eoSzlw1anexoc3CqsM8w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图3 源溪社区疏导区区位（a）和实景（b）</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　基于疏导区自上而下的管理，流动摊贩的商业<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集聚呈现出良好的空间效应。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第一，在疏导区建立</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以后，流动摊贩在规定空间内形成了</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有序的带状分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，并且每个摊贩的位置是在申请时由街道专项小</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组统一划定的，每天摆摊的位置固定，摊贩有序规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整的排列<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">美化了社区景观，提高了城管管理效率</strong>。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第二，疏导区为非正规部门提供了合法和稳定的经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营空间，提升了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩从业者的空间归属感和安定感</strong>。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第三，疏导区内实施<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">分区经营</strong>，主要包括蔬果区、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">百货小商品区和服饰鞋包区。同类商品在摊位空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上的集聚安置，有利于居民快速选择所需商品，</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">消费者提供了更有序便利的购物环境</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第四，从社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区空间的角度而言，原流动摊贩自发集聚的街巷已</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经基本疏通，占道经营情况有效减少。疏导区成为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了源溪社区新的商业空间，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">集聚了消费人流</strong>，也带</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动了疏导区周边的商铺兴旺。由于疏导区与新源溪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场售卖的商品保持了一定的差异性，竞争与互补</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关系并存，集聚的人流也为市场带来了人气。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　然而，疏导区对周边社区也带来负面影响。选<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">取紧挨着疏导区东西两侧宿舍楼的居民进行了访</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">谈，居民均表示疏导区在营业高峰时期噪音过大，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">影响居民的日常作息，并且下午蔬菜摊贩留下的剩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">菜垃圾会堆积至疏导区南边的一个垃圾回收点，而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环卫工人又未能及时清理，严重影响周边的空气质</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量和居住环境。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“早上五六点的时候就能听到摊贩拉车进货的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">声音，摆卖吆喝声一直到中午才停，严重影响平时休息。没卖完的蔬果也堆积在这里，没人及时清理，卫生恶劣。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——周边居民访谈，2016-03-26</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　由此可见，疏导区的设置在提供正面效应的同<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时，也带来影响周边社区居民日常生活的负面效应。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-right-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);border-left-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2 疏导区的社会效应</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.1 提升摊贩的自我认同及他者尊重</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　问卷的人<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口统计学特征显示，摊贩从业者的社会特征体现较</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大的趋同性，主要体现为：摊贩从业者的年龄主要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为31~70岁，近80%拥有本地户籍，居住在源溪社区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">附近，具有多年流动摊贩经验。调查发现：</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">失业是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩选择从事非正规部门的最主要动机</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，这符合国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">际劳工组织提出非正规部门源于正规工作机会缺乏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的观点（ILO, 1972）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　此外，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">女性从业者数量显著</strong>，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非正规就业为她们提供了一个可以兼顾家庭和工作</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的就业方式，满足她们家庭、工作多种角色的需求。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于流动摊贩从业者的社会特征，为了帮助家庭困</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难的从业者，设立了疏导区准入条件。根据规定，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">申请人需要拥有本市户籍或居住证，需提供目前失</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业或需出具家庭困难证明。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　此外，在符合条件的申</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">请人中，按照本街、本区、本市、市外的顺序优先</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">选择批准进入疏导区经营。</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除了设置进入门槛向家</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">庭困难或低收入的流动摊贩倾斜之外，在管理上也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">给予了流动摊贩帮助与支持。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受访摊贩表示：源溪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区疏导区因有政府补贴，收取的管理费较低，他</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">们能负担得起。在拥有属于自己的固定摊位后，他</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">们不用再逃避驱赶和四处奔波。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　由此可见，在进入</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区后，摊贩的安定感和归属感得到满足，他们</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的谋生手段被合法化，可以大方承认自己的职业，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自我认同感提升。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“现在我们也能跟其他商贩一样卖东西了，不用<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">畏手畏脚，不用担心被他们驱逐和谩骂。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——摊贩访谈，2016-03-20</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　综上，疏导区治理的方式体现政府在一定程度<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上肯定了流动摊贩这种非正规经济形式，认可了非</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正规部门对正规经济的补充作用，</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区一方面能</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">满足社区居民的消费需求，另一方面能解决社会边</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缘群体的就业困境</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。流动摊贩在疏导区经营，能感</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受到政府对他们这些弱势群体的关怀，同时被社区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">消费者认可，收获了他人的尊重和认同。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“我们很多退休工人消费能力不高，需要购买摊<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩提供物美价廉的商品，疏导区统一安置摊贩后我们购物方便了很多。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——消费者访谈，2016-04-10</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.2 疏导区经营活动规范化，</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">便于城管的管理</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　疏导区在经营管理方面有<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">严格的时间限制</strong>，规定每<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日经营时间为T 06:00—18:00，从而减少休息时间摊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩经营对社区造成的影响。具体来看，不同种类摊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩的经营时间具有差异性。服饰鞋类和百货小商品</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类主要为T 08:00—12:00，下午不摆摊。蔬菜水果类</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的经营时间较长，一般从T 07:00直到存货卖完为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">止，蔬菜类一般到T 12:00，水果类一般持续到T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">17:00。严格的经营时间规定和差异性的时间安排，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体现了疏导区的设立既有利于行政管理，又满足了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩自身商品销售的特性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间规范上，疏导区内摊贩的位置具有固定性，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受行政效力约束</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。对疏导区的管理规定，其摊位不</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可转租。在实际经营过程中，源溪社区基本上没有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出现转租的情况。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　其主要原因是：一方面，源溪社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区摊贩的从业者把摆摊经营作为自己唯一的谋生手</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">段，他们需要此平台进行经营；另一方面巡逻的城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">管和周边的摊贩都相互认识，一旦转租将面临被举</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">报和疏导区经营权被收回的风险。因此，</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在权利关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系和社会网络的约束下，疏导区极少出现转租摊位</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的现象</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　此外，摊位在疏导区内存在一定的流动性。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据摊贩的时间分异性，下午在靠近北边的服饰鞋</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类和百货小商品均已撤离，此时靠近南边的蔬果摊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩将会移动到北边服饰鞋类和百货小商品的铺位进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行摆摊。这是因为大部分消费者从北边进入疏导区，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他们一般都在靠近疏导区北边的前几家商铺进行选</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">购，因此在北面的铺位空缺的情况下，靠近最南边</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的店铺会移动到北面，以招揽更多的生意。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“我们的摊位是固定的，街道那边有登记的。但<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是下午北面卖衣服的都走了，而且来这里买菜的人都不走到南面这里来，我就会把货挪到北面卖衣服的摊位那里卖。城管也不会驱赶我们，他们也理解。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——摊贩访谈，2016-03-22</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在时间和空间规则的管束下，摊贩的经营活动<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更加集中，提高了管理人员巡逻监管的效率。社区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">里因摊贩占道经营、与商店恶性竞争的冲突事件也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有效地减少了，社区治安明显改善。管理人员与摊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩之间的关系趋于和谐，管理手段根据实际情况灵</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活把握，如允许下午时间摊贩在疏导区内流动。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“我们每天至少巡逻社区两次，设了疏导区之<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后，摊贩都集中在这里了，社区消防治安各方面都好了很多，违法事件也少了，我们工作进行得更顺利。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"> ——城管巡逻人员访谈，2016-03-20</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.3 便于周边居民的购物消费，</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">满足更大范围的</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日常购物需求</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　建立了疏导区后，<strong>社</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的购物环境<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和周边治安得到了改善，吸引了更广泛的消费群体</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据问卷显示：到源溪社区购物的消费者以女性为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主，年龄段主要为51~70岁的退休人员。从消费者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的居住分布来看，超过一半的消费者（54.8%）来</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自源溪社区所在的荔湾区南源街，23.9%的消费者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来自相邻街区，21.3%的消费者来自距离源溪社区1</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">km以上的其他街道（图4）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0148699" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibe60FXDBlOvDGD5djGibZxa3b5xTk8xNicHCRyzP1Z9Gk0wq83UbGsuyIw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1076" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图4 源溪疏导区消费者居住分布</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　受访的消费者表示，到源溪社区购物的主要原<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因是价格低廉。社区摊贩的价格优势主要与其周边</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的消费需求有关。据第六次人口普查数据显示：南</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源街街道＞60岁人口占总人口的15.8%，老龄化严</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重，退休人士集聚，收入水平不高，因此低端日常</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需求旺盛，促进了摊贩的繁荣。有序的购物环境和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">闻名在外的低廉价格，吸引了周边街道或其他行政</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区消费水平不高的人群前来购物，因此又加大了其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低端需求的总量，需求旺盛反过来巩固了流动摊贩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">留在疏导区的意愿。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　由此可见，</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源溪社区疏导区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩不仅仅服务于自身社区，还辐射范围更大的区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域。疏导区的建立对推动源溪社区吸引更多周边街</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道的购物需求有正向作用。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(15, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区政策面临的困境及挑战</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　2015年7月，由于疏导区附近广弘食品集团铁路<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">专线规划拆除，原铁路用地将进行市政化改造，南</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源街发布公告，疏导区将被撤销，街道办负责引导</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商贩向辖内3个肉菜市场转移。根据2018年《广州市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中心城区废弃铁路专用线更新策划及荔湾区西场示</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范段改造方案》规划，该路段的废弃铁路将计划改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造成社区公共空间。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　然而，调研发现：截至2018年7</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">月，源溪社区疏导点仍未撤离。在得知疏导区即将</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">被拆除后，不同利益相关者对疏导区撤销表现出不</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同的态度。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　据南源街城管部门相关人员透露，他们只是上<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层规划的执行者，由于上级规划部门的具体动工时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间仍未确定，目前作为一个缓冲期留给疏导区摊主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">清理余货。城管巡逻人员认为：</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区对规范摊贩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有正面作用，撤销后需建立新的管理制度以防摊贩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">占道乱象重现</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（城管科及巡逻人员访谈，2016-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">03-20）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6044776" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibeqQyZyzyJjLInibNgd8pgTD5dzQfGlTb56JQI5h3B1s7tSMhPcg2Inuw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图源：全景网</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　从摊贩角度来看，疏导区撤销后不同摊贩会选择不同的策略应对。据访谈显示：摊贩从业者的态度均为不希望撤销，但又表现出对上级政策必须遵从和无法表达意见的无奈。问卷调查显示：超过60%的受访者表示疏导区撤销之后会到别的地方继续当流动摊贩。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　从部分流动摊贩的态度可以看出，在疏导区被撤销之后，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于社会网络和对社区的归属感，他们将会选择源溪社区附近的地方继续以流动摊贩的方式谋生</strong>，同时采用更加便于移动的摆摊工具以便躲避追捕。非正规部门脱离了正规管制后，社区也会面临重新陷入秩序混乱的危机，社区居民的安全感也会随之下降。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“摆摊是我们唯一的谋生方式，现在管理越来越<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严格，很难继续在街巷里面当‘走鬼’了。疏导区要拆除，我们也只能遵从，希望政府能安置我们到别的地方摆摊。” </span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——摊贩访谈，2016-03-20</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　对于正规商店而言，社区的流动摊贩虽然对集<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">聚客流有正向作用，他们能从中受益，但竞争关系</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也不容忽视。所以</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正规商店的受访者认为，撤销疏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导区后他们能占据更大市场份额</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“虽然疏导区内不能售卖生鲜食品，但蔬果类别<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">还是与我们商店有竞争关系的，撤销疏导区的话消费者就只能到正规商店购买了。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——新源溪市场店主访谈，2016-03-26</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　对于到源溪社区购物的消费者而言，60.9%的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受访消费者不希望疏导区被撤销，认为疏导区为他</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">们提供了良好的购物环境，但他们尊重上层政策的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规定，服从上层规划安排并调整个人购买行为。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“疏导区设置后疏通了街道交通，也方便了街坊<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">购物。撤销后购物选择会变少，但我们也遵从政府的规划决定，到周边市场买菜。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——消费者访谈，2016-04-10</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　对于临近疏导区的居民而言，更倾向于撤销疏<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导区，愿意牺牲购物的便利，换取安静的居住环境</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及整洁的卫生条件。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“支持疏导区撤销，提高社区的整体环境，我们<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">愿意到远一点的市场进行买菜。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——周边居民访谈，2016-03-26</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　从源溪疏导区的变迁折射出疏导区政策进入了<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">瓶颈期，其政策未能长期适用的主要原因包括土地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和需求2方面因素。</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区用地均为临时用地，流动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩并没有获得土地长期、稳定的使用权</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，根据上</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位规划的调整，土地用途随时面临更改。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　但</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低廉的租金又决定了其用地的临时性和不稳定性，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">才能与正规商铺保持差异和公平</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。除此以外，疏导</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区附近的居民对居住环境要求提高，以前认为设立</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区方便购物更为重要，如今更希望生活在安静</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的、有更多活动空间的社区，上层规划对社区的定</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位从安置流动摊贩、满足低端消费到建立铁路遗址</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化地标、提供游憩活动的公共空间转变。撤销疏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导区有利于源溪社区环境的升级改造，也能更加满</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">足其新的需求定位。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">“刚开始觉得摊贩集聚安置在疏导区挺好的，方<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">便日常生活，后来慢慢觉得他们太吵了、社区人流量过多，现在更希望有更多的休闲活动空间，可以锻炼身体。”</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">——周边居民访谈记录，2016-03-26</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 70px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　综上所述，非正规经济被排斥是因为给正规商<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业带来竞争及占据公共空间。疏导区政策通过规定</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摊贩售卖商品类型，实现了与正规市场商品化差异，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在一定程度上解决了商业竞争问题；通过划定闲置</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的公共区域，供摊贩临时使用，将摊贩经营的空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合法化。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　然而，疏导区政策难以为继，源于摊贩使</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用空间的“临时”正规性。疏导区政策的空间规训</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">原理是“分而治之”。在这种模式下，规定摊贩合法</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性的因素不再是现象本身，而是它在城市的空间位</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">置——空间成为区别正规和非正规摊贩的标准（黄</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">耿志，2015）。</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">临时疏导区占领的区域是一个公共空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间，涉及了居民、摊贩和消费者等多重主体的利益</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（图5）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4925094" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibe1kZhjhIJPWjzLRtYLsu4Rpgtc1FDlAoDybDOAdeVNhvE6fNQD9OJZg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1068" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图5 疏导区与相关利益主体关系</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　此时，疏导区政策下的摆摊空间兼容了双重属性：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间及临时摆摊区</strong>。这2种属性既有统一也有冲突：统一在于规范摊贩活动，为社区提供消费空间；冲突在于剥夺了居民的休闲活动空间，降低了社区的环境质量。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　可以说，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区的建立牺牲了休闲空间和邻近居民的生活质量，来换取整个社区空间的有序和摊贩的合法性</strong>。当追求公共空间的话语权占据优势时，临时摆摊区面临撤销，流动摊贩缺乏表达诉求的渠道，只能遵从上级政策。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　但从市场公平的角度看，安置非正规活动的空间必然是临时性的，才能与正规市场化的商铺进行差异化。因此<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导形式的正规化手段只是“临时的正规化”</strong>，非正规经济并没有实现向正规化的转变。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -6px 8px;padding: 8px;border-top: 8px solid white;border-bottom: 8px solid white;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2.8em;width: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.2em;border-radius: 50% 50% 0px;background-color: rgba(14, 105, 16, 0.48);"><section style="height: 1.6em;width: 1.6em;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0.15em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;background-color: rgba(15, 105, 16, 0.48);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.6em;font-size: 21px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">５</p></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid;margin-top: 8px;padding-top: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结论与讨论</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　以源溪社区流动摊贩疏导区为研究案例，首先<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">梳理了流动摊贩现象聚集的原因及治理的必要性，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总结出<strong>流</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动摊贩在源溪社区聚集是群众需求、区位</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优势和社会原因等多方面综合作用的结果</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，政府通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过强制驱赶和市场化收编等手段治理无果，决定采</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用“疏堵结合”的方式设立临时疏导区收编流动摊</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贩。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　结合源溪社区疏导区的实施情况，分析了疏导</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区对于流动摊贩管制的空间和社会实践效应，源溪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区为流动摊贩提供了固定经营场所，周边旺盛</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的低端需求巩固了其经营效益，在一定程度上改善</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了社区交通阻塞问题，方便了城管巡逻人员的执法</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和管理，提升了社区的商业功能。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　但由于疏导区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">噪音过大及卫生环境清理不够及时，影响了邻近居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民的生活和居住质量。随着广州城市的发展和人民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活水平的提高，人民的需求和对居住环境的要求</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也随之改变，临时疏导区的作用和影响也产生了变</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　基于不同主体不同的利益需求，他们对源溪疏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导区撤销的态度不尽相同。疏导区撤销能够提升源</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">溪社区的居住环境，但会导致摊贩从业者失去固定</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的经营场所和减少周边居民购物的选择，摊贩从业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者会选择在社区的其他地区进行摆摊，脱离了正规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化管制下的摊贩会使得社区再次面临混乱的秩序，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并再次加大城管人员的管理负担。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6089552" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibeLNm2vyz6M6hI3dibYictaUXzqlEzWeFicljicaBRVcgISTvjib4QSvEALcw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图源：全景网</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　与已有研究相比，本研究对流动摊贩疏导区这一正规化方式的实践效果进行了动态分析，进一步印证了疏导区具有为摊贩提供合法经营场所、集聚人流等正面效应（黄耿志 等，2015），还发现<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区有利于提高摊贩的自我认可和获得他人尊重</strong>，在疏导区内部摊贩会通过合理的空间流动提升销量。除了传统地从流动摊贩角度分析疏导区效应，还引入了周边居民、消费者、正规店铺和管理人员等多方利益群体，发现疏导区具有负外部性，影响了社区居住质量。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　综合多方的态度，分析得出<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏导区面临的困境根源在于其兼顾了公共空间和摆摊安置区双重属性</strong>，不同的利益群体对它有着不同的需求与期待，因此会对空间产生差异的定位。在协调多方利益的过程中，当追求公共空间的话语权占优势时，临时摆摊区的属性面临挑战，流动摊贩会失去合法的经营空间。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　从这个发展过程可以看到，疏导区政策并没有彻底解决摊贩问题。客观而言，摊贩问题是社会经济结构和城市发展的产物，是一直客观存在的，在社区空间内体现为守恒，疏导区政策将摊贩圈在了一个区域集中管理，而疏导区撤销之后，流动摊贩将呈分散状分布在整个社区。非正规经济是社会发展的产物，也无法消灭，是否一定要面临正规化呢？<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正规化的目的是消除非正规经济的负面影响，主要在与正规经济恶性竞争和非法占据公共空间2方面。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>从疏导区的实践情况来看，主要是空间的正规化效果并不稳定和持久。</strong>流动摊贩占用公共空间和民众需要公共空间的话语权比较下，流动摊贩处于弱势，缺乏表达诉求的渠道，影响了合法经营空间的稳定性。<strong>尽管这种治理方式存在一定缺陷，但从我国目前治理流动摊贩的经验来看，疏导区安置流动摊贩仍是目前可行性较高的方式。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6149254" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibe2EswEKArlHWKztc8MZncvTjdmibBc7KRLVt9FfYShf1sS3wh9EoEUvw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图源：全景网</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在目前的体制下，为了解决疏导区政策实际应用中不同利益主体缺乏表达诉求渠道的问题，可以<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过设立第三方组织机构、构建相关利益群体的动态沟通机制，解决协调多方利益的困境</strong>。在国外，非正规部门尝试通过建立商业联合组织或NGO组织争取摊贩表达诉求的话语权（徐苗 等，2018）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　如墨西哥城的历史街区面临被驱赶的流动摊贩建立了摊贩联盟，联盟内建立了等级化制度。<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了能留在历史街区继续经营，摊贩联盟与当地的正式店铺建立了非正式的联系——双方共享电力和共同负担清洁工作，警察巡逻时店铺给予摊贩暂时躲藏，店铺的商品可以放在摊贩处寄卖（Crossa, 2010）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　印度德里通过建立街道摊贩委</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">员会监管摊贩的行为，委员会由政府人员、当地居民、行人、土地权属者和摊贩等多方利益主体的代表组成。委员会主要担当咨询作用，可以跟政府当局协商，争取摊贩的土地使用权。但同时也有反对街道摊贩的组织，在是否允许摊贩摆卖的问题上与摊贩委员会进行博弈（Schindler, 2014）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　目前我国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非正规部门表达诉求的渠道仍未完善，管理部门与被管理的非正规部门之间的话语权并不平等，因此在管理的过程中仍以“自上而下”的决策为主。既然非正规部门是城市化过程中的发展产物，应当<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">承认其存在的合理性</strong>。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　但针对其产生的负外部性，也需要制度去规范其行为。以社区为单位，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立包括流动摊贩、社区居民、消费者、正规商铺和管理人员等疏导区相关利益者的第三方组织</strong>，一方面可以提高“草根”的话语权，表达非正规部门的诉求，以组织的凝聚力巩固非正规部门内部、外部的社会网络，为非正规经济的存在提供认同和支撑，维护他们的权利；另一方面搭建多方利益群体平等的动态沟通机制，帮助城市管理者了解不同利益群体的需求，在制定政策阶段、选址阶段和实施管理阶段能够合理兼顾多方利益，提高疏导区政策的可行性和可持续性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibeokOP8SEXR5f0mfBia3RH4FoHUg2F01ELiaib8ZPZSe4yRaKtpTibnVyHYg/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.345" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB7ibGRh3aUfP7ckbtsIfnkMibeokOP8SEXR5f0mfBia3RH4FoHUg2F01ELiaib8ZPZSe4yRaKtpTibnVyHYg/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="200" style="vertical-align: middle;opacity: 0;width: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献（References）：</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Boonjubun C. 2017. Conflicts over streets: The eviction of Bangkok street vendors. Cities, 70: 22-31.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bromley R D F and Mackie P K. 2009. Displacement and the new spaces for informal trade in the Latin American city center. Urban Studies, 46(7):1485-1506.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">陈昆仑，侯秋炜，张祚．2015．城市大型开发项目中非正规小市场的形成机制——以武汉“楚河汉街”武重小市场为例．人文地理，30（2）：126-133．[Chen Kunlun, Hou Qiuwei and Zhang Zuo. 2015. The characteristics and formation mechanism of small informal market in the large-scale urban development projects: A case study of Wuzhong market in Wuhan. Human Geography, 30(2): 126-133. ]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Crossa V. 2010. Resisting the Entre-preneurial City: Street Vendors’ struggle in Mexico City's Historic Center. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(1): 43-63.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">杜培培，李惠芬．2017．城市社区非正规经济空间生产的互构性分析——基于N市J社区违建商铺、流动摊贩的实证研究．城市发展研究，24（6）：74-80．[Du Peipei and LI Huifen. 2017. 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Employment, incomes and equality: A strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya. Geneva: International Labour Organization Publication.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Johnsen S and Fitzpatrick S. 2010. Revanchist sanitization or coercive care? The use of enforcement to combat begging, street drinking and rough sleeping in England. Urban Studies, 47(8): 1703-1723.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">刘毅华，陈浩龙，林彰平，吴大放．2015．城中村非正规经济的空间演变及其对土地利用的影响——以广州大学城南亭村为例．经济地理，35（5）：126-134．[Liu Yihua, Chen Haolong, Lin Zhangping and Wu Dafang. 2015. The spatial evolution of informal economy and its influence on land use in urban village: A case study of Nanting Village in Guangzhou College Town. Economic Geography, 35(5): 126-134. ]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">廖颍谊．2015. 广州120个疏导区难聚人气，一半以上小贩仍在街头游走[EB/OL]．（2015-09-28）[2016-03-30]．http://gz.southcn.com/content/2015-09/28/content_133697987.htm ． [Liao Yingyi. 120 authorized vending sites fail to attract customers in Guangzhou and over half</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">hawkers still conduct transactions in streets[EB/OL]．（2015-09-28）[2016-03-30]. http://gz.southcn.com/content/2015-09/28/content_133697987.htm. ]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Onodugo V A, Ezeadichie N H, Onwuneme C A and Anosike A E. 2016. The dilemma of managing the challenges of street vending in public spaces:The case of Enugu City, Nigeria. Cities, 59: 95-101.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sassen S and Dept I D P. 1997. Informalization in advanced market economies. Geneva: International Labour Organization.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Schindler S. 2014. Producing and contesting the formal/informal divide: Regulating street hawking in Delhi, India. Urban Studies, 51(12):2596-2612.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">徐苗，陈瑞．2018．城市非正规性及其规划治理的中外研究比较评述．规划师，34（6）：19-28．[Xu Miao and Chen Rui. 2018. A commentary review of informality of cities and its governance in China and overseas. Planners, 34(6): 19-28. ]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">薛德升，黄耿志．2008．管制之外的“管制”：城中村非正规部门的空间集聚与生存状态——以广州市下渡村为例．地理研究，27（6）：1390-1397．[Xue Desheng and Huang Gengzhi. 2008. Regulation beyond formal regulation: Spatial gathering and surviving situation of the informal sectors in urban village case study in Xiadu Village of Guangzhou City. Geographical Research, 27(6): 1390-1397. ]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">尹晓颖，薛德升，闫小培．2006．“城中村”非正规部门形成发展机制——以深圳市蔡屋围为例．经济地理，26（6）：969-973．[Yin Xiaoying, Xue Desheng and Yan Xiaopei. 2006. Study on the</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">development mechanism of the informal sector in the ‘urban village’:Case of Caiwuwei, Shenzhen. Economic Geography, 26(6): 969-973. ]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">张延吉，张磊，吴纳维．2017．城市建成环境对流动商贩空间分布的影响——兼议摊贩疏导区的规划选址．人文地理，32（5）：76-82．[Zhang Yanji, Zhang Lei and Wu Nawei. 2017. The influence of urban built environment on street vendors' spatial distribution: Implications for the</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">planning of authorized vending sites. Human geography, 32(5):76-82. ]</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;background-image: 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