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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><blockquote><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">本文授权转自<span class="" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">UPDIS共同城市（ID：UPDISCC），欢迎关注！</span></strong></section></blockquote></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="528" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="294" data-ratio="0.5546875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOaic96muQPZ0icU01B98AUXIHOnQiaaZTXiavibLFJ08UicwQvciamdUWiaicSdQOsOIjyAojmicm5TlFpvicMag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 530px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 294px;"  /></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(178, 185, 192) 1px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 4px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">引言</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 60px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">国家自然资源部组建以来，空间规划发展动向几乎牵动着规划界的每一根神经。通过对相关文献的系统梳理，发现我国空间规划在内涵、层级类别、形成逻辑、编制体系等方面仍未达成共识，但也涌现了大量具有启发性的思想和观点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文认为，无论空间规划体系官方最终如何定论，空间规划现有研究成果启示我们，以城乡规划为主的规划设计研究机构要实现以不变应万变，应坚持三项原则：树立生态文明观和自然资源观；从为部门编规划转向为全民编规划；坚守学科特性和转变工作方法。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，空间规划已经成为行业热点。为积极应对自然资源部成立后规划体系的重构，各政府部门、科研院所、各类<span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;">规划设计研究机构</span>都积极开展空间规划相关研究，但空间规划是什么、做什么、怎么做等问题仍未达成共识。在此背景下系统梳理空间规划发展动向，总结主要观点、基本共识与主要争议，对深化空间规划研究和指导规划设计研究机构（以城乡规划为主要业务）积极主动响应空间规划改革，具有一定意义。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75D7N8jWrmn7MuPxJiaYnbjawzhSiacRiaiacIC77jhhIfZWjXJkiaYYkePXw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="765" style=""  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">空间规划是什么、做什么、怎么做等问题仍未达成共识（图片来源：深圳政府在线）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">深规院作为扎根在改革开放先锋城市深圳的规划咨询研究与设计机构，一直奋斗在规划改革的前沿，多年以来在部分领域时常成为规划变革的引领者。为了主动适应新一轮的规划变革，深规院依托深汕特别合作区总体规划编制创新，研究设立了市县国土空间规划科研课题，组建了专门团队进行研究。本文是市县国土空间规划科研课题的阶段性成果，相关研究受深圳市城市规划设计研究院科研基金资助。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、国家空间规划改革动向</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">推进生态文明建设是国家构建空间规划体系的根本动因，《生态文明体制改革总体方案》（中发〔2015〕25号）奠定了空间规划体系的基调，组建自然资源部成为国家建立空间规划体系的关键举措。同时，《关于统一规划体系更好发挥国家发展规划战略导向作用的意见》（中发〔2018〕44号）明确了空间规划在国家规划体系中的基础地位。 </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-backh="330" data-backw="536" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75QBtId6kHP3AGHKTVf4icaOmngbhAlh5FWgUSfRuQqnwLPPRT9XNgtPQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.6156462585034014" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75QBtId6kHP3AGHKTVf4icaOmngbhAlh5FWgUSfRuQqnwLPPRT9XNgtPQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="882" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-backh="514" data-backw="536" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75WyxFNibnGU5XedQS2XgyFEhzuuLib6icHWXF89sSOOQeteicCEjsDhdEag/0?wx_fmt=png" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.9603174603174603" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75WyxFNibnGU5XedQS2XgyFEhzuuLib6icHWXF89sSOOQeteicCEjsDhdEag/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="882" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、重要行业会议对空间规划的认识</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#545454;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">重点梳理2018年中国土地学会、中国城市规划学会主办的两大类会议主要观点</span></span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;">。</span><span style="color:#545454;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">会议内容来源于网络或相关微信公众号，本文仅按会议类型进行观点梳理，不再一一罗列发言人</span></span><span style="color:#888888;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">。</span></span></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">2.1 自然资源部国土空间规划编制重点问题系列研讨会</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">主要围绕第一期至第六期，从空间规划体系、用途管控体系、生态空间与海洋管控、规划管控体系四个方面梳理部分观点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">空间规划体系</span>：</strong>构建形成“国家—省—市—县”四级、“总体规划—专项（分区）规划—控制性规划”三类的空间规划编制体系；构建由国家、省、市、县、镇五级，总体规划、专项规划和详细规划三类构成的空间规划体系；构建“统筹性规划—专项性规划—执行性规划”的规划体系；区域层面强化国土空间规划的主体地位，纳入城镇体系规划、主体功能区规划等规划内容，城市层面加快“两规融合”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">用途管控体系：</span></strong>在自然资源统一管理的基础上，形成全域全类型空间管制措施；构建“指标+控制线+分区”的管控体系；生态红线保护区、永久基本农田保护区实行正面清单管理和强度控制，一般农地区和一般生态区实行负面清单管理和强度控制，城镇、村镇建设用地区及独立工矿区实行建设用地总面积和开发强度控制；建立空间准入许可、土地用途转用许可的规划实施制度；构建涵盖耕地、林地、草地、湿地等全部自然资源类型的规划用地分类；单级土地用途管制分区向多级用途管制分区转变，建立刚性与弹性并重的用途管制规则。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-backh="302" data-backw="500" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75w21pfZz2jYwSgPx2KzRWfRSKYqicBibdfWOHic1tB5VUSFmHmWV49eOicA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75Pr9ZZbRibib4j9BlhSy8PYFSO541u22lDgxuIno1IeuOJKZt6DRrD8LQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="32.23880597014926" data-cropx2="929.5522388059702" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="540.8955223880597" data-ratio="0.6031215161649944" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75w21pfZz2jYwSgPx2KzRWfRSKYqicBibdfWOHic1tB5VUSFmHmWV49eOicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="897" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">生态空间规划应以生态保护需要和国土空间开发适宜性评价为基础（图片来源：pixabay）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">生态空间与海洋管控：</span></strong>生态空间规划应以生态保护需要和国土空间开发适宜性评价为基础，以生态系统服务功能作为主要导向，科学划定生态保护红线，建立城镇最小生态安全距离；建立优先脆弱生态区恢复重建规则；倡导景观恢复“山水林田湖草综合治理”的管理方式；建立“陆海统筹、区域联动”海洋资源环境保护新机制；严格管控围填海，实行海域招拍挂、分类完善用地手续、衔接产权证书换发等方式实现陆海产权无缝转换。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">规划管控体系：</span></strong>建立宏观、中观、微观三个层面的管控体系，宏观层面指标、政策管控，中观层面用途管控分区，微观层面结构、数量管控；实现三个“统一”，统一的规划编制体系（一张蓝图）、统一的规划管控体系（用途管制、开发许可）和统一基础支撑体系（法律法规、技术标准和行政事权）；国家或省级政府事权主要落实国家（省）战略、协调跨辖区事项、保护战略性资源、落实重大工程等，地方政府的事权体现为城市公共服务供给和资源环境保护，刚性越强，事权层级最高；以片区控规评估评审取代单个项目评估评审。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">2.2 2018中国城市规划年会学术对话十和学术对话二十五</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">主要从空间规划的原则和要求、国土空间用途管制、市县空间规划三方面梳理部分观点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);"><strong>空间规划原则与要求：</strong></span>空间规划重在统筹综合协调，不能替代不同部门的规划工作；空间规划应处理好中央和地方、城市和乡村、政府和市场、城市不同系统之间的关系；国土空间规划应强化底线安全意识、继承相关规划优势、以“双评价”为基础优化国土空间格局、实现空间全域覆盖、关注存量空间与空间品质、健全国土空间用途管制制度；国土空间规划应分级分类、自上而下、底线管控；要重视空间规划中的区域、城市、地方三个层次以及彼此间的关系。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);"><strong>国土空间用途管制：</strong></span>国土空间用途管制应该包括三类职能（规划、实施、监督）、三级规划（国家和省级、市县级、县级以下）、三类管控（指标、边界、名录），注重三类空间和土地分类相衔接，探索不同主导功能的单元管控模式等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-backh="282" data-backw="502" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75ibBSmaulgoLVPQ9o4DCnLibkXgic8doCwXbxqPVofcpoHCQveXp7ccpJw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75bTOpSZTK1AtHHiaZFZoRruh9IT6QhSLL0FgWux8p2Tu1DoGJs49UH7A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="960" data-cropy1="28.656716417910445" data-cropy2="617.910447761194" data-ratio="0.6125" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75w5icj1sefEicziawx1m95qQqXZT4WBR5UMkqYIRnJc4gwvR8St7lN3nuw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="960" style="width: 536px;height: 329px;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">市县空间总体规划在理念上应以保护优先（图片来源：pixabay）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);"><strong>市县空间规划：</strong></span>市县层面的国土空间规划要有战略思维、全域思维、统筹思维、系统思维、民主思维；市县国土空间规划应做好全域保护与发展的战略和政策、区域性基础设施建设、全域用途管制、各类用地用途、强度、形态管理；市县空间总体规划在理念上应保护优先，内容上全域统筹，按照城镇、农业、生态、其他地区和交通市政、公共服务基础设施等，分块分条管控落实国家、省级有关政策。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、核心期刊重要文献对空间规划的认识</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">3.1 空间规划的内涵与目标</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">国内外对空间规划的定义仍未达成共识，但战略性、协调性、政策性是空间规划定义的共性要素。</span></strong>国际上，上世纪80年代欧盟就提出了空间规划概念并先后启动了多项空间规划研究计划[1]，但世界各国对空间规划的定义仍远未达成共识[2]。国内对空间规划的理解也呈现出多元化视角的特征，比较典型的有公共政策视角和规划协调视角：</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从公共政策视角看，空间规划不只是设计，更多的是政策[1]。空间规划是国家为有效调控社会、经济、环境要素而采取的空间政策工具，是对空间用途的管制和安排[3]，是可持续发展必不可少的公共管理工具[4]。从规划协调视角看，空间规划的核心是国土空间整合以及体制机制的协调，空间规划是衔接协调、优化重构多部门规划及其上下位关系的综合性规划，而不是完全替代其他规划。空间规划的起点将是“统一的底图、统一的底数、统一的底线”，终点将是“统一的空间方案、统一的用途管制、统一的管理事权”[5]。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">空间规划的核心目标是解决“规划打架”问题，实现统一的所有国土空间用途管制。</span></strong>目前我国具有法定依据的各类规划已超过80种[2]，规划冲突是因土地发展权管理权力之争带来的[6]，各类空间性规划的共同发展趋势是强化基于土地发展权的空间管制，但空间管制手段和方法不一样[7]。为了解决部门规划交叉、部门职责交叉、空间性规划约束不力的问题[8]，完善自然资源监管体制，统一行使所有国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复职责，国家大力推动空间规划体系改革。空间规划是实施国土空间用途管制的基础依据，是完善自然资源监管体制的关键环节[6]，是现代国家政府进行空间治理的核心手段，是政府调控和引导空间资源配置的基础[3]。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">3.2 空间规划的层级类别</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);"><strong>空间规划编制体系可划分为纵向层级体系和横向类别体系两大类。</strong></span>纵向涉及国家、省、市县3个层面，横向涉及拥有空间规划管理权的各部门[3]。纵向上应与各级政府事权相对应，横向上应与部门事权相对应[9]。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在层级上，仍存在不同观点。有建议构建国家、省、市、县4个层级[10]，也有建议构建国家、省、市县、乡镇4个层级[9]，还有建议构建国家、省、市、县、县级以下5个层级[6]。争议的焦点集中在两个方面，一是市、县是否属于同一层级，二是乡镇是否纳入层级范畴。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在类别上，规划体系整体可分为经济社会发展规划和空间规划两大类[11, 12]。采用二分法划分，空间规划可分为法定规划和非法定规划[13]，空间总体规划和部门规划[14]。此外，也有研究将规划划分为底线型规划（解决“先布棋盘”的问题）、战略型规划（解决“如何落子”的问题）、行动型规划（解决“落子到位”的问题）三种形式，认为城市层面空间规划的成果将是这三种形式的有机组合[15]。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">3.3 空间规划的形成逻辑</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">目前，空间规划的形成逻辑有“1+N”和“1=N”两种典型模式。</span></strong>“1”指空间规划，“N”指现行各类空间性规划。“1+N”模式指在现行各类空间性规划的基础上编制空间规划，作为其他空间性规划的总遵循[2, 8, 16-18]。“1=N”模式指用空间规划替代主体功能区规划、城市总体规划、土地利用总体规划及其他空间性规划，不再编制其他空间性规划[8, 16]。虽然，“1+N”模式与实际情况更相符，但也存在一个难题，即原有的空间规划体系没有减少，反而多了一层规划，多了一层协调问题[8]。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">空间规划在哪类规划的基础上形成仍未达成共识，目前的争论聚焦在城市总体规划、土地利用总体规划、主体功能区规划三类规划上。</span></strong>第一类观点认为应以城市总体规划为基础完善空间规划体系[8, 19-21]，主要理由是城乡规划体系较为健全[19]。强调以省级空间规划取代省域城镇体系规划，市县空间规划在市县总体规划基础上改革形成[8]。第二类观点认为应以土地利用总体规划为基础完善空间规划体系[11, 22, 23]，主要理由是土地利用规划具有纵横全覆盖的体系、统一的基础数据、较强约束性等特征[11]。第三类观点认为应以主体功能区规划为基础完善空间规划体系，主要理由是主体功能区制度是生态文明制度体系的重要组成部分[18, 24]。也有观点认为，现行空间性规划都不适宜作为综合性的国家空间发展规划[1]，因为单一的“国家主体功能区规划”、“全国城镇体系规划”或“全国土地利用规划”都不能真正发挥国家空间整体规划的作用[25]。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">3.4 空间规划的编制体系</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在空间规划体系构建的各类设想中，通常是上述两种模式的融合运用。目前，比较典型的空间规划体系构想包括三种类型。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）基于分级分类的全国空间规划体系构建</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">谢英挺等提出“国家、省域层面空间综合规划+地方层面空间综合规划”的空间规划体系[26]。朱江等提出“全国空间发展规划纲要+省域空间发展战略规划+城市空间发展战略规划+城市空间发展综合规划”的空间规划体系[27]。林坚等提出“国家、省级层面国土规划和主体功能区规划合一，市县层面土地利用总体规划和其他空间规划融合，市县以下层面构建行政分区型、单元管控型等多类型、多形式的实施性规划”的构想[28]。林坚等提出构建“五级三类、一总四专”的空间规划体系，“五级三类”指国家、省、市、县、县级以下5个层级，国家、省级规划、市县级规划、县级以下实施规划三类规划。“一总四专”指1个总体规划、4类专项规划[6]。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（2）基于功能定位的全国空间规划体系构建</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">郝庆提出构建“宏观政策性/指导性规划—中观衔接性规划—微观实施性规划”的空间规划体系[29]。张建平提出构建“指导性的国家级国土空间规划、政策性的省级国土空间规划、实施性的市县级国土空间规划、操作性的乡镇土地利用规划”四级体系[9]。于少康等提出建立“统筹性规划+专项规划+执行规划（详细规划）”的空间规划体系，统筹性规划属顶层设计、上位指导性规划，专项规划属要素类规划，执行规划即落地规划[10]。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（3）基于试点经验的市县级空间规划体系构建</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">谢映等以长沙为研究对象，提出搭建纵向“总体规划—分区规划—详细规划”逐级传导的主干规划和横向系统的专项规划体系[16]。王岳以重庆为研究对象，提出以城乡规划为基础，整合专项规划和其他部门专业规划，构建覆盖“全域”、“全要素”的“五级三类”规划编制体系，“五级”指市域、主城区、区县、镇乡、村5个层级，“三类”指法定规划、专项规划、专业规划[30]。林坚等以桓台县为研究对象，探索构建了“双层次”规划体系：第一层，在县域层面，以“三线”划定为核心的全域整体管控，注重“一张蓝图”全覆盖管理；第二层，在县域之下，以分类管控为重点的单元管控规划，侧重“图则式”分类分片引导管控[31]。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、主要启示与思考</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">4.1 树立生态文明观和自然资源观</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);"><strong>编制空间规划，要树立生态文明观。</strong></span>在思想上必须坚持“人与自然和谐共生”、“绿水青山就是金山银山”、“良好生态环境是最普惠的民生福祉”、“山水林田湖草是生命共同体”等生态文明要求和方针，要优先保护生态空间，逐步扩大生态空间面积。在价值导向上必须把“五位一体”纳入统一的分析框架，将建设主导的价值导向内化到整个系统，从政治、经济、社会、文化、生态文明多维视角综合考量规划的价值选择。在这种认识下，不仅需特别关注“双评价”等基础评价方法，更需注重规划过程中的多学科、多专业交叉互动与双向反馈。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);"><strong>编制空间规划，要树立自然资源观。</strong></span>从关注土地到关注所有资源，规划不仅要探索土地资源的资产化、保值和增值路径，还需根据地方实际探索其他主要资源的资产化、保值和增值路径，实现全要素综合规划。从规划区转向全域覆盖，不仅要探索非建设用地的管控方法，同时要更加注重建设用地的管控创新，努力实现以最少的建设用地满足最优的经济增长需求。这种认识下，不仅需高度重视全域国土空间用途分类、管控单元划分等规划方法的创新，同时还需特别关注资源分等定级及其空间区划、资源供需平衡及其优化配置方法等。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">4.2 从为部门编规划转向为全民编规划</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">规划要始终坚持为人民编规划的根本，部门只是代表国家和全民行使统一管理权。</span></strong>无论是之前的住建部，还是现在的自然资源部，都是代表国家行使空间管理职权。自然资源部组建的时代背景是新时代，新时代的主要矛盾是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。因此，无论部门改革怎么变，其目的是为了更好地应对这一主要矛盾，规划亦然，规划应始终要围绕“以人民为中心”这一核心思想。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-backh="301" data-backw="496" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF759vrUibnWsM3Tz0zTkmoCiaIu6MPesib8pzzaJvukcdzlgVkko4cXIjJww/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF755shPuYjW4hoNsbicD4DYAtIiaCS7JA61ictJh4IOLI4ayIR3hWzneNR5Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="39.47663551401869" data-cropx2="929.4953271028037" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="540.1121495327103" data-ratio="0.6081081081081081" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF759vrUibnWsM3Tz0zTkmoCiaIu6MPesib8pzzaJvukcdzlgVkko4cXIjJww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="888" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;">空间规划创新的出发点和落脚点是人们需求的共性和差异性（图片来源：pixabay）</span><br  /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">空间规划创新的出发点和落脚点是人们需求的共性和差异性。</span></strong>全域全类型国土空间用途的科学分类、城乡公共产品的充分均衡供给等空间规划面临的难题，其关键是标准的确定很困难。但是，如果基于人的需求共性和差异性出发，则会帮助我们快速找到切入点。例如，公共产品的规划供给可以区分基本和特色两大类，基本对应共性需求，特色对应差异化需求。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">4.3 坚守学科特性和转变工作方法</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">坚守通过优化空间布局和改善人居环境促进城乡繁荣和实现美好生活的学科特性。</span></strong>无论空间规划体系怎么定，城乡规划的学科价值不会丢失。自然资源部三定方案明确国土空间用途管制司“拟订开展城乡规划管理等用途管制政策并监督实施”，这说明城乡规划仍被当做一种特别的规划类型予以对待。虽然，为“增长”服务经常受到批判，但恰恰可能成为城乡规划的独特优势。城乡规划以一套完整的规划体系，成功探索了以土地资源为代表的资源资产化、增值和保值的路径和方法，这对于其他自然资源的资产化管理具有非常重要的潜在价值。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">须知，新时代，增长仍是第一要务，经济建设仍是中心。空间规划是指导性与约束性并重，其本意是在发展规划的指导下谋求空间的高质量发展和可持续发展，核心任务是在生态文明语境下寻求支撑新时代全面建设社会主义现代化强国的空间对策，而支撑持续较高速度的高质量增长更是重中之重。因此，在充分发挥空间规划的指导性方面，城乡规划学科具有其他学科难以替代的独特价值和优势。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">工作方法上应在“调查-分析-规划”模式的基础上，积极探索“协同-协作-协调”的新模式。</span></strong>“调查-分析-规划”模式更适合单一主体（包括规划中常见的机构联合体）情景下的规划设计工作，其特点是规划编制主体的集中调研、分散分析（无论是单个规划设计机构还是机构联合体），实践中虽然会强调多专业、多团队配合，但往往依赖负责人或牵头单位组织，而多规协调的关键在于部门的协同。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，在工作伊始就应该促成多部门、多利益相关主体间搭建沟通与联动平台，形成共同目标；在此基础上，围绕共同目标和关键问题，组织多专业团队同时同步推进相关工作，共同攻克关键难题，形成实现目标和解决问题的基本路径和手段；最后，通过广泛的公众参与、专家论证、部门协商等，对基本路径和手段进行调整和优化，最终实现各方空间利益的相对均衡，并以制度化的形式将共识稳固化。这种工作方法的转变并没有神奇之处，只是呼吁回归到规划关于“利益协调”的基础作用上来。</p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 533px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);border-radius: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献详见：</strong><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">http://xy1qo2pki9ewx9os.mikecrm.com/SYczvMB</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><blockquote><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">本文根据深规院市县国土空间规划科研课题阶段性成果总结而来，由<span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 16px;">深规院</span>城乡发展规划研究所陆学执笔，深规院副总规划师李启军指导。相关研究受深圳市城市规划设计研究院科研基金资助。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">课题组名称</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">：</span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;">深规院市县国土空间规划科研课题组</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;">课题组成员</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;">：吴晓莉、岳隽、李启军、盛鸣、陈小祥、陆学、沈丹婷、李嘉诚、刘可心、徐雅莉、沈婕、李帅、廖一凡、陈宇斌、詹飞翔、张茜、莫健威、许甜、张和强</span><br  /></p></blockquote></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><hr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  /><p style="line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;">编辑、排版 / 陈程</span></p><p style="line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;">插画 / 王彦妍</span></p></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;text-align: center;overflow: hidden;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-45deg);-o-transform: rotate(-45deg);margin-top: -1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;border-left: 0.2em solid rgb(84, 84, 84);border-bottom: 0.2em solid rgb(84, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0546875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZYDMyFeIv6Jp9TOicOShF75NV8P0avt3qAvUX1fCibaiaU3425zI5PDCYiczyooTkccNw2KPfia9xMQvw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 502.358px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);border-radius: 5px;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TbfTDrSBmDOIic7apQoPHAh15cLWCHzSyu0QL7m4BJKqtoYkYic7JJ3rCYUtmmJ6XNj0IiaurTa12eDibKNFIGoRicg/640?wx_fmt=png");background-attachment: scroll;background-size: 107.589%;background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 23.2727px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：</span></span><span class="" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">UPDIS共同城市</span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">声明：本文来源：<strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">授权转自<span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">UPDIS共同城市</span></span>（ID：UPDISCC）</span></strong>，版权归原作者所有，如需转载<strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(122, 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break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-radius: 8px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">（点击蓝字可打开链接</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.45em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛6】面向城市治理的北京朝阳区街区设计导则编制<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">33岁的《规划师》杂志改版：打造“全领域”规划类期刊<br 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0.5em solid transparent !important;"></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-top: 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src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miamsmdkCRSekMMOyPpdibRtnHJ6nReg68o2REQYkpx4HjnlpkicyomwR5h8e8wQlJuYaCocsfmIiaflw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-size: 22px;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: middle;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 287px !important;"  /></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow: hidden !important;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.3037037037037038" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgQyqwKuibN92QE6IAhWPLnnRGU56XLkLA4ecPzibwZ4wMrrA5jo5ict00AN5B7g66cUlDuwQxJBvPDQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;"  /></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="300" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpclte0e9YI7eCFFxgFhia03tsJh0bSKzgQDkNq7AC5teW1RKfd8DOjedA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 300px !important;"  /></p></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 4px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">《规划师》杂志社                                               </p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 290px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);word-wrap: 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