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<section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(101, 167, 219);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(101, 167, 219);border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(101, 167, 219);word-wrap: break-word !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;"></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;color: rgb(101, 167, 219);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;">何谓“纾害归利”</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">中国疆域广袤，自然条件复杂，人们积累了丰富的结合自然的城乡规划建设智慧。纵然在不利的自然环境条件下，仍有不少城市通过积极创造与精心调适，减少不利因素，甚至将不利因素转化为积极因素，形成了独具特色的空间环境，这就是古人所谓的“纾害归利”。据《辞源》释义，“纾”即舒缓、解除，“归”即趋向；“纾害归利”着重表达了人工建设对不利自然条件的应对与转化利用，以及城乡规划建设对不利环境的化解与融合。与之词义相近，还有“趋利避害”、“因势治利”、“乘势利导”等记载。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 15px;">“纾害归利”作为一种不利自然条件下的城乡规划建设调适方式，体现了古人在不利自然环境下的生存勇气和智慧。从历史实践来看，“纾害归利”首重对环境中不利自然条件的深刻体察，通过明辨环境问题的成因，找准问题之要害所在；在此基础上，有针对性地采用适应性工程技术，辅以对自然环境中其他潜在有利因素的凭依与妙用，进行空间布局和建设，达到转害为利、保障民生的效果。</p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class=""><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(101, 167, 219);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(101, 167, 219);border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(101, 167, 219);word-wrap: break-word !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-top: 1em solid transparent !important;"></section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;color: rgb(101, 167, 219);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">基于“纾害归利”的城乡规划建设实践</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;">结合历史文献、城市图及实地调研可以看出，“纾害归利”在中国古代不同区域皆有实践，所应对的环境问题涉及干旱、洪涝、沙暴、强风、高温、冰冻、水土流失、不利地形等多种类型，积累了诸多宝贵经验。例如云南晋宁结合自然地势修堤筑堰、巧布蓄滞空间，有效应对洪涝频发的问题；甘肃山丹结合气候条件，综合运用引水、均水、决渠、筑堤等技术手段，营建输水、储水体系，有效缓解干旱气候下的用水问题；甘肃古浪通过巧筑关厢抵御沙患；陕西宜川通过于城西筑坝阻水、引水离城的方法缓解河水侵袭城墙；凡此种种，皆可谓“纾害归利”的典型案例。</p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.71484375" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQNTyaPeWkpCW8icOdhXKicvZNpG2rw1HcnKAic9oLwMolCerp6mt26dtfQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">草湖渠全图[引自清道光十五年（1835年）《山丹县续志》]</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 25px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.703125" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQRm1PrTIr6BIf35ibxySicQ91t43qAr0tdSmVI3IwLIZtVfvI5PNqxfJg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">县城图[引自清乾隆十八年（1753年）《宜川县志》]</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 15px;">本文从诸多案例中遴选福建泉州、宁夏固原、浙江汤溪、新疆哈密和交河故城等五个案例，对“纾害归利”的传统城乡规划建设实践做进一步阐释。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;">泉州地处福建东南部，境内因台风、海潮而频繁引发洪涝。据史料记载，自1066年以来，泉州发生洪涝灾害的年份累计多达140余年。面对这一问题，古人总结出水系通塞与疏解洪涝灾害之规律，所谓“夫川泽之灌注，犹血脉之周流于一身，勿使有所壅闭湫底”，进而从城市总体规划布局入手，分别在子城与罗城修筑“内沟外濠”，并将沟壕与四向水脉连通，同时在城西北布设水池，在城东南通淮门外开凿“天水淮”水利工程与晋江相通，并疏浚城东之东湖，建构了“重重环绕”的水网格局，实现了“通宣泄”的目的，并兼有“限戎马”、“利转运”的功能。古人赞曰：“旧水可消，新水可入，以钟其美，以出其恶，清气磅礴，人文宣朗”。进入现代社会，泉州在城西北地势低洼之处修建西湖，成为一处富有地方特色的风景区；在提供滞洪排涝功能的同时，形成东、西两湖相映的格局，改善了城市品质，提升了人居境界。</p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.70078125" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQPdqTmvUQOufLfibTUg24rLMQFv3MJCrpX5cAGMowUQo1oBRvyyo9ebg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">泉州府城图[引自清乾隆二年（1737年）《福建通志》]</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.67890625" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQr6MIFpmImhB9Xia6ic5icqwmKKwtoC1B7MRXyvxBe4RGnChevkca31Mtw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">泉州水网格局在现代地形图中的示意</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 25px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.31875" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQ5m1p8f2KKsLrZNmQsN4BttaF8HSXnQSEKXXP0dfsAEygTcCxq6aiaicw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">清源山上方拍摄的泉州大景图(图片来源：南方)</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;">固原位于宁夏南部，境内土壤贫瘠，水土流失严重，且干旱、洪涝、强风、沙暴、冰雹多发。古人针对上述环境问题，总结树木种植与沙尘、水土流失、洪涝、强风、冰雹之间的潜在关系，提出“广种树木，预弥灾祲而兴地利”的对策。具体而言，乃结合山坡、瘠土、旷野、阡陌等不同地形及用地特征，分别采取适宜的种植方式植树，如清代陕甘总督陶模所著《种树兴利示》所载：“种树于山坡，可以免沙尘而灭水害”；“种树于瘠土，可以化碱为沃，引导泉流”；“种树于旷野，可以接洽霄壤，调和雨泽”；“凡田连阡陌者，每隔数亩，商同种树成一长排，可以改风势而阻冰雹”。由此营造出“绿杨青柳望中连，画断横流辟大阡”的人居图景。</p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 25px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.7421875" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQYQ75VFvZaU2UuH2ktWueYF10TXBKHR3S6b1onHxx7dSn4afwCu0zAg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">大校场图[引自清宣统元年（1909年）《固原直隶州志》]</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;">汤溪位于浙江中部，其境内伍家村据兰江上游，“江水由洲南而之兰，自罗埠之水汇入衢港，其势直而驶”，冲坍驳岸，加之滨水区地势低洼，“每当春涨，洪涛澎湃，水高于岸”，“逼近民居”。面对环境问题，古人深知即便“昔有内地可迁”，而“今乃户口殷蕃，人烟稠密，未便移徙”，故尝试堆石栽木之法，防止驳岸崩坍，“以图久远”。民国十五年(1926年)《伍家培养森林堤防水患记》中记载：“隔岸搬移石块”，“沿堤旁岸，石子堆积以固洲身，多栽杂木以柔水势”。凭借该法，民生得以有效保证，“咸丰以后竟无崩坍之患”，并形成“阴翳成林”、“云树苍茫，水色天光”的一方胜景。古人赞曰“用数十年之人力，挽数百载之天心，培千百年之地脉”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;">哈密位于新疆东部，其地干旱少雨、日照强烈、蒸发量大、风沙严重，古人积极探寻引水致用的方法，结合当地地形及水文地质条件，设计出地下引水、地上输储的取水方式，即所谓的坎儿井。</p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 25px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.36875" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQ9KZagNVbvMse4f4fOo6UztaibBHicTqkUgyOUSZqIfmJWNUOTrHXGUnQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">坎儿井结构示意图(图片来源：崔峰，王思明，赵英）</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;">坎儿井包含输水暗渠、竖井、输水明渠、储水池四个部分。清道光《哈密志》及其中的哈密舆地全图记载“开渠入山”的坎儿井及“引水入城”的水渠有三道——其一，“哈密城北天山口水，流至黑帐房不见，入地中流行至西新庄南坡下，复从地中出泉水，南流至草湖，过草湖出南流名苏巴什河，设立激水坝，分左右流：一支南流营中，官水磨三处资其水力，又南流过哈密城西，归入南湖；一支西流引入回城，南出，亦归入南湖”； 其二，“其源亦出大雪山……掘小渠引入哈密城中曲折流转，又由东南城下流出，仍入沼河”；其三，“大泉……从地中涌出，大泉水色澄清，南流资其灌溉，仍归于南湖”。古人因借地理形势引天山雪水，沿途结合地形建设坎儿井，辅以拦水坝、聚水坝及水渠等水利设施，或引水入城，或灌溉屯田，将余水汇至南湖、沼河等城市周边水系以备后用，形成了完善的城市输水储水系统。城市的干旱缺水问题由此得以改善，地域空间特色亦借此提升。古人赞曰：“荷锄开渠四月天，不须好雨润芳田。真阳消尽阴山雪，顷刻飞来百道泉。”</p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.68046875" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQECtziah0ib1E2qZlp9dBEN3TNLo9IyibfZnu0fkPx8Uqv56cD48QygXmQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">哈密舆地全图[引自清道光二十六年（1846年）《哈密志》]</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 20px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.7953125" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQYhupF3LtI6wcR3jh84ECicbuBl1Ydz5UwibqjZey6dr4ldl11ZAVOwXQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">哈密水系在现代地形图中的示意</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;">交河故城位于今吐鲁番西，其地干旱、强风、沙暴多发。针对上述环境问题，早在公元5世纪，古人便探索出“压地起凸”的适应性建造技法，逐步形成完备的城市格局。在具体做法上，首先在地面上规划好建筑物布局，并确定墙体位置，而后将墙内外的土挖去，形成街巷、院落及房间，城市整体的空间形态因此形成；在材料选择上，以交河台地上的黄土为建筑材料，既方便取材，又可节约用水；在功能上，曲折形街巷能够抵御风沙，街巷宽度控制在适宜范围内可以保证遮阴，厚重墙体能够保温隔热，从而回应昼夜温差较大的问题。交河故城后世被毁，但从现存遗迹仍能领略其独具特色的城市格局和建筑风貌，感悟到古人在不利自然环境中所激发出的人居智慧。</p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.425" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQzYPVG5WRmv8OEab2nRzY1RaLgqR9TgzlFxkIRbCiaHKhJsFJboAAVAw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">交河故城空间格局遗存实景</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 20px;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.2765625" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SdNVtxmtcRgVhBAvjnG2PlJ4gWbd5ibUQdHpEsYv897AUibb21MPuBHmRj5jeXhHI8SfXINHdxrLmZQcfiaGZRKhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style=""  /><span style="text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(78, 153, 223);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲  </span><strong style="white-space: normal;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(204, 107, 35);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">交河故城建成区干道与区划平面图（图片来源：孟凡人）</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 20px;">总之，“纾害归利”作为一种在不利自然环境下的城乡规划建设调适方式，强调面对不利的环境，更需要积极作为、巧妙化解，要找准问题的要害，并整合一切潜在有利因素予以妙用，化不利为有利，化消极为积极。人们这种在城乡规划建设中结合实际情况进行的独特创造，已成为一座城市最独特的地方智慧。对于“纾害归利”这一中国传统城乡规划建设智慧的继承与发扬，不仅要保护好这些在特殊环境下创造的地方遗产，充分研究和传承好每一座城市在自然环境约束下所累代形成的生存智慧，还要结合时代发展，智慧地解决每一座城市面对的特殊问题和不利因素，这其间蕴含着创造城市特色的无限可能性。</p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px;padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">主持：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">王树声</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">图文</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">徐玉倩</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">  西安建筑科技大学建筑学院讲师</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">王树声</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">  西安建筑科技大学建筑学院教授</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">李小龙</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">  西安建筑科技大学建筑学院讲师、博士研究生</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">赵子良</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">  西安建筑科技大学建筑学院博士研究生</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-bottom: 2px dotted rgb(153, 166, 171);width: 546px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: -6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(153, 166, 171);border-radius: 100%;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">微信改版后</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">好多人说不能很方便找到我了</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">其实把咱们</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">“城</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">市规划”置顶</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">就可以啦</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.48px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 2px;">只需要</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">5秒钟哟~</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif " data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.9203125" data-type="gif" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SdNVtxmtcRiarCYiclbibw0tx4nuld0vwU9ScXl6gq8Bpbh8o8yZlxbo8y8jBcCBC74ubpiaHy1ic6k3wcqJbCFBWBA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 640px !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">——————————————</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">了解更多《》杂志信息，搜索微信号“”或识别下方二维码关注。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="275" data-ratio="0.5255731922398589" data-s="300,640" data-type="gif" data-w="567" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SdNVtxmtcRiaRRGMYpf5IMDDYv7hrsYzbm1Qy3NypQme09sqSMlEUWG1vmPfwqSUtjvVM8SBic3ibtxZWav0XPyqw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 558px !important;"  /><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(217, 33, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">关注我们，精彩无限~！</span></strong><img class="" data-ratio="1" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/mpres/htmledition/images/icon/common/emotion_panel/smiley/smiley_84.png" data-w="20" width="20px" style="display: 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